Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W
Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors
@article{DeMatteo2015,
title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},
author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jackson, K; Rubin, R; Van Hoeck, N; Hauert, T; Lana, V; Wang, H
The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers Journal Article
In: Translational Neuroscience, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131–138, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, Athletics, body temperature, body temperature measurement, brain, brain temperature, clinical assessment, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cold tolerance, cold treatment, Concussion, diastolic blood pressure, executive function, Feasibility, Female, head neck cooling, Heart Rate, human, human experiment, infrared thermometer, Intervention, Male, mouth temperature, normal human, physiological process, priority journal, pulse oximetry, room temperature, systolic blood pressure, TASK performance, temperature management device, thermoregulation, tympanic temperature, velocity, welkins emt temperature management system, working memory
@article{Jackson2015,
title = {The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers},
author = {Jackson, K and Rubin, R and {Van Hoeck}, N and Hauert, T and Lana, V and Wang, H},
doi = {10.1515/tnsci-2015-0012},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Translational Neuroscience},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {131--138},
abstract = {In general, brain temperatures are elevated during physical sporting activities; therefore, reducing brain temperature shortly after a sports-related concussion (SRC) could be a promising intervention technique. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of head and neck cooling on physiological and cognitive function in normal healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent two different sessions of combined head and neck cooling, one session with a cold pack and one session with a room temperature pack. Physiological measurements included: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and sublingual and tympanic temperature. Cognitive assessment included: processing speed, executive function, and working memory tasks. Physiological measurements were taken pre-, mid- and post-cooling, while cognitive assessments were done before and after cooling. The order of the sessions was randomized. There was a significant decrease in tympanic temperature across both sessions; however more cooling occurred when the cold pack was in the device. There was no significant decrease in sublingual temperature across either session. The observed heart rates, pulse oximetry, systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the sessions were all within range of a normal healthy adult. Cognitive assessment remained stable across each session for both pre- and post-cooling. We propose that optimizing brain temperature management after brain injury using head and neck cooling technology may represent a sensible, practical, and effective strategy to potentially enhance recovery and perhaps minimize the subsequent short and long term consequences from SRC. © 2015 Kevin Jackson et al.},
keywords = {adult, Article, Athletics, body temperature, body temperature measurement, brain, brain temperature, clinical assessment, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cold tolerance, cold treatment, Concussion, diastolic blood pressure, executive function, Feasibility, Female, head neck cooling, Heart Rate, human, human experiment, infrared thermometer, Intervention, Male, mouth temperature, normal human, physiological process, priority journal, pulse oximetry, room temperature, systolic blood pressure, TASK performance, temperature management device, thermoregulation, tympanic temperature, velocity, welkins emt temperature management system, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J
The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article
In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States
@article{Alworth2015,
title = {The sports medicine literature 2013},
author = {Alworth, M and Bond, M C and Brady, W J},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2013.10.005},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {9},
pages = {1283--1287},
keywords = {achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Billock, R M; Anderegg, J J; Mehan, T J; Chounthirath, T; Smith, G A
Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012 Journal Article
In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1745–1749, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury
@article{Billock2015,
title = {Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012},
author = {Billock, R M and Anderegg, J J and Mehan, T J and Chounthirath, T and Smith, G A},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.022},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {12},
pages = {1745--1749},
abstract = {Purpose To investigate the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries in the United States. Basic Procedures The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to examine non-fatal zipline-related injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 1997 through 2012. Sample weights were applied to calculate national estimates. Main Findings From 1997 through 2012, an estimated 16 850 (95% CI, 13 188-20 512) zipline-related injuries were treated in US EDs. The annual injury rate per 1 million population increased by 52.3% from 7.64 (95% CI, 4.86-10.42) injuries in 2009 (the first year with a stable annual estimate) to 11.64 (95% CI, 7.83-15.45) injuries in 2012. Patients aged 0-9 years accounted for 45.0% of injuries, females made up 53.1% of injuries, and 11.7% of patients required hospitalization. Fractures accounted for the largest proportion of injuries (46.7%), and the upper extremities were the most commonly injured body region (44.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 77.3% of injuries. Among cases where the location of the injury event was known, 30.8% of injuries occurred in a residential setting and 69.2% occurred in a public place. Principal Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries using a nationally representative database. The rapid increase in zipline-related injuries in recent years suggests the need for additional safety guidelines and regulations. Commercial ziplines and publicly accessible non-commercial ziplines should be subject to uniform safety standards in all states and jurisdictions across the US, and homemade ziplines should not be used. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mirabelli, M H; Devine, M J; Singh, J; Mendoza, M
The preparticipation sports evaluation Journal Article
In: American Family Physician, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 371–376, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis
@article{Mirabelli2015,
title = {The preparticipation sports evaluation},
author = {Mirabelli, M H and Devine, M J and Singh, J and Mendoza, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Family Physician},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {371--376},
abstract = {The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents morbidity and mortality associated with sports, it may detect conditions that predispose the athlete to injury or illness and can provide strategies to prevent injuries. Clearance depends on the outcome of the evaluation and the type of sport (and sometimes position or event) in which the athlete participates. All persons undergoing a preparticipation physical evaluation should be questioned about exertional symptoms, presence of a heart murmur, symptoms of Marfan syndrome, and family history of premature serious cardiac conditions or sudden death. The physical examination should focus on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. U.S. medical and athletic organizations discourage screening electrocardiography and blood and urine testing in asymptomatic patients. Further evaluation should be considered for persons with heart or lung disease, bleeding disorders, musculoskeletal problems, history of concussion, or other neurologic disorders. © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians.},
keywords = {Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training
@article{Timpka2015,
title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},
author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {643--650},
abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},
keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Register-Mihalik, J K; De Maio, V J; Tibbo-Valeriote, H L; Wooten, J D
Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness
@article{Register-Mihalik2015,
title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},
author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {502--508},
abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 764–775, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult
@article{Merritt2015b,
title = {A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale},
author = {Merritt, V C and Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
doi = {10.1080/13803395.2015.1060950},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
number = {7},
pages = {764--775},
abstract = {Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E
The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries
@article{Brown2015b,
title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},
author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {394--399},
abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},
keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGinley, A D; Master, C L; Zonfrillo, M R
Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update Journal Article
In: Adolescent Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 491–506, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, CONVALESCENCE, human, Humans, injury scale, Recovery of Function, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices
@article{McGinley2015,
title = {Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update},
author = {McGinley, A D and Master, C L and Zonfrillo, M R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Adolescent Medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {491--506},
keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, CONVALESCENCE, human, Humans, injury scale, Recovery of Function, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires
@article{Zottoli2015,
title = {Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases},
author = {Zottoli, T M and Hoover, S and Barr, W B},
doi = {10.1080/13854046.2015.1062562},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {678--688},
abstract = {Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking of concussion symptoms in athletes. The purpose of the current study was to validate the utility of the SAC as an embedded screening measure for insufficient effort in independent medical examinations (IME) and personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design was used to examine the SACs utility for the detection of insufficient effort in 75 de-identified private IME and civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications of insufficient effort were made independently of SAC scores, on the basis of having two or more scores falling below established cut-offs on previously validated neuropsychological measures. Results: Results suggest that the total score on the SAC significantly distinguishes effortful respondents from those exhibiting insufficient effort. Empirically derived cut-off scores yielded adequate sensitivity (.62-.95) and negative predictive power (.93-.97). Conclusions: While optimal cut-off scores depend upon intended use, our data suggest that the SAC is useful as a potential screener for insufficient effort, after which one can employ additional measures to rule out false-positives. Further research is required before cut-off scores can be recommended for clinical use. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.},
keywords = {brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wang, H; Wang, B; Jackson, K; Miller, C M; Hasadsri, L; Llano, D; Rubin, R; Zimmerman, J; Johnson, C; Sutton, B
A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports Journal Article
In: Translational Neuroscience, vol. 6, pp. 20–31, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acceleration, Article, brain concussion, Brain hypothermia, brain perfusion, brain temperature, brain tissue, clinical study, cognition, contact sport, cooling, diving, exercise, exercise induced hyperthermia, experimental study, government, head neck cooling device, Head-neck cooling, human, hyperthermia, induced hypothermia, mild traumatic brain injury, nonhuman, priority journal, randomized controlled trial (topic), sport injury, Sports, surface property, thermal regulating system, thermal stimulation, thermoregulation, traumatic brain injury
@article{Wang2015a,
title = {A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports},
author = {Wang, H and Wang, B and Jackson, K and Miller, C M and Hasadsri, L and Llano, D and Rubin, R and Zimmerman, J and Johnson, C and Sutton, B},
doi = {10.1515/tnsci-2015-0004},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Translational Neuroscience},
volume = {6},
pages = {20--31},
abstract = {Emerging research on the long-term impact of concussions on athletes has allowed public recognition of the potentially devastating effects of these and other mild head injuries. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a multifaceted disease for which management remains a clinical challenge. Recent pre-clinical and clinical data strongly suggest a destructive synergism between brain temperature elevation and mTBI; conversely, brain hypothermia, with its broader, pleiotropic effects, represents the most potent neuro-protectant in laboratory studies to date. Although well-established in selected clinical conditions, a systemic approach to accomplish regional hypothermia has failed to yield an effective treatment strategy in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, although systemic hypothermia remains a potentially valid treatment strategy for moderate to severe TBIs, it is neither practical nor safe for mTBIs. Therefore, selective head-neck cooling may represent an ideal strategy to provide therapeutic benefits to the brain. Optimizing brain temperature management using a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spacesuit spinoff head-neck cooling technology before and/or after mTBI in contact sports may represent a sensible, practical, and effective method to potentially enhance recover and minimize post-injury deficits. In this paper, we discuss and summarize the anatomical, physiological, preclinical, and clinical data concerning NASA spinoff head-neck cooling technology as a potential treatment for mTBIs, particularly in the context of contact sports. © 2015 Huan Wang et al., licensee De Gruyter Open.},
keywords = {Acceleration, Article, brain concussion, Brain hypothermia, brain perfusion, brain temperature, brain tissue, clinical study, cognition, contact sport, cooling, diving, exercise, exercise induced hyperthermia, experimental study, government, head neck cooling device, Head-neck cooling, human, hyperthermia, induced hypothermia, mild traumatic brain injury, nonhuman, priority journal, randomized controlled trial (topic), sport injury, Sports, surface property, thermal regulating system, thermal stimulation, thermoregulation, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Rieman, W; Lichtenstein, J; Condiracci, C
Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 273–278, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome
@article{Maerlender2015a,
title = {Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study},
author = {Maerlender, A and Rieman, W and Lichtenstein, J and Condiracci, C},
doi = {10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Although no data exist, general practice recommends only rest following concussion. This randomized clinical trial found that programmed physical exertion during recovery produced no significant differences in recovery time between groups of participants. However, high levels of exertion were deleterious. This study provides initial evidence that moderate physical activity is a safe replacement behavior during recovery. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Iverson, G L; Quinn, T N; Makdissi, M; Levi, C R; Shultz, S R; Wright, D K; Stanwell, P
A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1182–1185, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording
@article{Gardner2015b,
title = {A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League},
author = {Gardner, A J and Iverson, G L and Quinn, T N and Makdissi, M and Levi, C R and Shultz, S R and Wright, D K and Stanwell, P},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1034179},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {1182--1185},
abstract = {Primary objective: To conduct the first video analysis of concussion in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) and describe player and injury characteristics, situational factors and time to return to play.Research design: Descriptive, observational case series.Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 20 medically diagnosed concussions for three consenting clubs during the 2013 NRL season.Main outcome and results: Most concussions (83%) occurred during a high tackle, and all injured ball carriers were hit high. Loss of consciousness was observed in 30% of cases. Common observable signs of injury included clutching of the head, balance problems or wobbly legs and a blank or vacant state. There were no post-concussive seizures. All players with loss of consciousness were removed from play. However, only half of the total sample was removed from play and one athlete who was removed returned to play in the same match. Of the players who were removed from play, the large majority returned the following week. Illegal play accounted for 25% of all concussions.Conclusions: Video analysis may be a useful method to study the incidence, mechanism and management of concussion in sports such as Rugby League. Future studies may include larger numbers to validate this preliminary data and may also investigate other levels of play and age ranges. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dessy, A M; Rasouli, J; Choudhri, T F
Second Impact Syndrome: A Rare, Devastating Consequence of Repetitive Head Injuries Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 423–426, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, brain concussion, clinical feature, Concussion, Dizziness, fatigue, headache, human, hyperemia, intracranial hypertension, memory disorder, Neck pain, neuropathology, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, Pathophysiology, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, respiratory failure, Second impact syndrome, sport injury, traumatic brain injury
@article{Dessy2015,
title = {Second Impact Syndrome: A Rare, Devastating Consequence of Repetitive Head Injuries},
author = {Dessy, A M and Rasouli, J and Choudhri, T F},
doi = {10.1097/WNQ.0000000000000085},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery Quarterly},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {423--426},
abstract = {Sports-related concussion has been viewed as a developing public health crisis in recent years. Underrecognition of concussions can lead to premature clearance for athletic participation. Second impact syndrome (SIS) represents a rare, yet devastating, potential outcome of premature return to play. SIS is a condition in which rapid brain swelling occurs as a result of a repeat head injury sustained before symptoms of a previous head injury have resolved. Within minutes of the second impact, diffuse cerebral swelling, brain herniation, and death can occur. There are \<20 documented cases of SIS in the world literature to date, and the general understanding of the syndrome is based largely on interpretation of anecdotal cases. This article reviews current understanding of the epidemiology and pathology of SIS. Given neurosurgeons' role in management of head trauma, it is essential that neurosurgeons acquire and maintain thorough knowledge of concussion diagnosis, treatment, and management. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Article, brain concussion, clinical feature, Concussion, Dizziness, fatigue, headache, human, hyperemia, intracranial hypertension, memory disorder, Neck pain, neuropathology, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, Pathophysiology, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, respiratory failure, Second impact syndrome, sport injury, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dretsch, M N; Kelly, M P; Coldren, R L; Parish, R V; Russell, M L
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1217–1222, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult
@article{Dretsch2015a,
title = {No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers},
author = {Dretsch, M N and Kelly, M P and Coldren, R L and Parish, R V and Russell, M L},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3637},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {16},
pages = {1217--1222},
abstract = {Seventy-one deployed U.S. Army soldiers who presented for concussion care due to either blast or blunt mechanisms within 72 h of injury were assessed using the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), traditional neuropsychological tests, and health status questionnaires. Follow-up ANAM testing was performed 10 d after initial testing (±5 d). Twenty-one soldiers were excluded: two for poor effort and 19 who had combined blast/blunt injuries. Of the remaining 50 male participants, 34 had blast injuries and 16 had blunt injuries. There were no statistically significant differences between blast injury and blunt injury participants in demographic, physical, or psychological health factors, concussive symptoms, or automated and traditional neurocognitive testing scores within 72 h post-injury. In addition, follow-up ANAM scores up to 15 d post-injury were not significantly different (available on 21 blast-injured and 13 blunt-injured subjects). Pre-injury baseline ANAM scores were compared where available, and revealed no statistically significant differences between 22 blast injury and eight blunt injury participants. These findings suggest there are no significant differences between mechanisms of injury during both the acute and subacute periods in neurobehavioral concussion sequelae while deployed in a combat environment. The current study supports the use of sports/mechanical concussion models for early concussion management in the deployed setting and exploration of variability in potential long-term outcomes. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phillips, S; Woessner, D
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 243–248, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed
@article{Phillips2015b,
title = {Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Phillips, S and Woessner, D},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.010},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {243--248},
abstract = {Concussions have garnered more attention in the medical literature, media, and social media. As such, in the nomenclature according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the term concussion has been supplanted by the term mild traumatic brain injury. Current numbers indicate that 1.7 million TBIs are documented annually, with estimates around 3 million annually (173,285 sports- and recreation-related TBIs among children and adolescents). The Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and the NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool are commonly used sideline tools. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bondi, C O; Semple, B D; Noble-Haeusslein, L J; Osier, N D; Carlson, S W; Dixon, C E; Giza, C C; Kline, A E
Found in translation: Understanding the biology and behavior of experimental traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 58, pp. 123–146, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 8 hydroxy 2 propylaminotetralin, Aggression, Attentional set-shifting test (AST), buspirone, Closed head injury, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive function test, Concussion, conditioning, Controlled cortical impact (CCI), environmental enrichment, Environmental enrichment (EE), executive function, experimental disease, fear, Fluid percussion (FP), human, interpersonal communication, Memory, motor function test, nerve degeneration, neuropsychological test, Neurorehabilitation, nonhuman, outcome assessment, Pathophysiology, pediatrics, priority journal, rehabilitation care, Review, rodent, rotarod test, sensorimotor function, Social behavior, social disability, social interaction, spatial learning, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury
@article{Bondi2015,
title = {Found in translation: Understanding the biology and behavior of experimental traumatic brain injury},
author = {Bondi, C O and Semple, B D and Noble-Haeusslein, L J and Osier, N D and Carlson, S W and Dixon, C E and Giza, C C and Kline, A E},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.004},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
volume = {58},
pages = {123--146},
abstract = {The aim of this review is to discuss in greater detail the topics covered in the recent symposium entitled "Traumatic brain injury: laboratory and clinical perspectives," presented at the 2014 International Behavioral Neuroscience Society annual meeting. Herein, we review contemporary laboratory models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) including common assays for sensorimotor and cognitive behavior. New modalities to evaluate social behavior after injury to the developing brain, as well as the attentional set-shifting test (AST) as a measure of executive function in TBI, will be highlighted. Environmental enrichment (EE) will be discussed as a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation, and finally, an evidence-based approach to sports-related concussion will be considered. The review consists predominantly of published data, but some discussion of ongoing or future directions is provided. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
keywords = {8 hydroxy 2 propylaminotetralin, Aggression, Attentional set-shifting test (AST), buspirone, Closed head injury, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive function test, Concussion, conditioning, Controlled cortical impact (CCI), environmental enrichment, Environmental enrichment (EE), executive function, experimental disease, fear, Fluid percussion (FP), human, interpersonal communication, Memory, motor function test, nerve degeneration, neuropsychological test, Neurorehabilitation, nonhuman, outcome assessment, Pathophysiology, pediatrics, priority journal, rehabilitation care, Review, rodent, rotarod test, sensorimotor function, Social behavior, social disability, social interaction, spatial learning, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stone Jr., M E; Safadjou, S; Farber, B; Velazco, N; Man, J; Reddy, S H; Todor, R; Teperman, S
Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 147–151, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult
@article{StoneJr.2015,
title = {Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population},
author = {{Stone Jr.}, M E and Safadjou, S and Farber, B and Velazco, N and Man, J and Reddy, S H and Todor, R and Teperman, S},
doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000000679},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {147--151},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian trauma is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in sports injury. As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian trauma population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, patients 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I trauma center. Patients with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia; concussed patients were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed patients. Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed patients. Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia. However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian trauma population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Liu, C Y; Law, M; Romano, R
Rational approach to understanding and preventing sports-related traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1556–1557, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, ACCELEROMETRY, biological marker, brain, brain concussion, brain hemorrhage, cognitive defect, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Electroencephalography, emergency health service, Female, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, high risk patient, human, Humans, Injuries, Male, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, neuroprotective agent, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, protective equipment, Review, risk factor, risk reduction, SAFETY, skiing, Snowboarding, sport injury, Traumatic, traumatic brain injury, viscoelastic substance
@article{Liu2015,
title = {Rational approach to understanding and preventing sports-related traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Liu, C Y and Law, M and Romano, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {World Neurosurgery},
volume = {84},
number = {6},
pages = {1556--1557},
keywords = {accelerometer, ACCELEROMETRY, biological marker, brain, brain concussion, brain hemorrhage, cognitive defect, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Electroencephalography, emergency health service, Female, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, high risk patient, human, Humans, Injuries, Male, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, neuroprotective agent, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, protective equipment, Review, risk factor, risk reduction, SAFETY, skiing, Snowboarding, sport injury, Traumatic, traumatic brain injury, viscoelastic substance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
Tackling in youth football Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. e1419–e1430, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, ankle injury, athlete, Athletic Injuries, causal attribution, Child, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, disease association, football, hand injury, head and neck injury, human, Humans, Injuries, injury severity, knee injury, muscle training, Neck Injuries, Neck muscle, nonhuman, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, protective equipment, quadriplegia, Review, sport injury, standards, strategic planning
@article{Anonymous2015,
title = {Tackling in youth football},
author = {Anonymous},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2015-3282},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {136},
number = {5},
pages = {e1419--e1430},
abstract = {American football remains one of the most popular sports for young athletes. The injuries sustained during football, especially those to the head and neck, have been a topic of intense interest recently in both the public media and medical literature. The recognition of these injuries and the potential for longterm sequelae have led some physicians to call for a reduction in the number of contact practices, a postponement of tackling until a certain age, and even a ban on high school football. This statement reviews the literature regarding injuries in football, particularly those of the head and neck, the relationship between tackling and football-related injuries, and the potential effects of limiting or delaying tackling on injury risk. © 2015 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.},
keywords = {Adolescent, ankle injury, athlete, Athletic Injuries, causal attribution, Child, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, disease association, football, hand injury, head and neck injury, human, Humans, Injuries, injury severity, knee injury, muscle training, Neck Injuries, Neck muscle, nonhuman, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, protective equipment, quadriplegia, Review, sport injury, standards, strategic planning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Tan, C O; Ainslie, P N; Van Donkelaar, P; Stanwell, P; Levi, C R; Iverson, G L
Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1050–1055, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult
@article{Gardner2015bb,
title = {Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review},
author = {Gardner, A J and Tan, C O and Ainslie, P N and {Van Donkelaar}, P and Stanwell, P and Levi, C R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093901},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {1050--1055},
abstract = {Background: Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion. Review method: A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013. Data sources: Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Results: Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US. Conclusions: These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Corboy, J R
Cannabis to concussion Journal Article
In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 273, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acquired brain injury, act, athlete, brain disease, cerebrovascular accident, chronic disease, clinical practice, Concussion, football, human, medical cannabis, medically uninsured, migraine, neurologist, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, policy, priority journal, Review
@article{Corboy2015,
title = {Cannabis to concussion},
author = {Corboy, J R},
doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000167},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology: Clinical Practice},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {273},
abstract = {This issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice features thought-provoking articles on disparate topics. Gardner et al. (p. 285) tackle chronic traumatic encephalopathy, describing clinical and pathologic features in 14 self-referred symptomatic former professional football players. Harold Adams (p. 296) details the controversy surrounding treatment of patients who awaken with stroke symptoms whose time of onset cannot be established. Borsook and Dodick (p. 317) make a passionate plea to recognize the disabling nature of migraine. While it is not clear whether challenges to the Affordable Care Act will result in large numbers of Americans returning to the rolls of the uninsured, Taylor et al. (p. 302) chronicle the creation of a free neurology clinic that might serve as a model for others. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {Acquired brain injury, act, athlete, brain disease, cerebrovascular accident, chronic disease, clinical practice, Concussion, football, human, medical cannabis, medically uninsured, migraine, neurologist, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, policy, priority journal, Review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
DiFazio, M; Silverberg, N D; Kirkwood, M W; Bernier, R; Iverson, G L
Prolonged Activity Restriction after Concussion: Are We Worsening Outcomes? Journal Article
In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 443–451, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: activity restriction, Anxiety, Article, athletic trainer, brain concussion, case report, Concussion, daily life activity, depression, Dizziness, evolution, exercise, expectation, headache, human, Male, mood disorder, mTBI, nocebo effect, patient harm, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, practice guideline, prolonged activity restriction, psychological aspect, Rehabilitation, rest, school, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment outcome, wrestling
@article{DiFazio2015,
title = {Prolonged Activity Restriction after Concussion: Are We Worsening Outcomes?},
author = {DiFazio, M and Silverberg, N D and Kirkwood, M W and Bernier, R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1177/0009922815589914},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Pediatrics},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {443--451},
abstract = {The current treatment of concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is primarily based on expert consensus. Most clinical practice guidelines advise cognitive and physical rest after injury including withdrawal from normal life activities such as school attendance, sports participation, and technology use until symptoms resolve. Some individuals who sustain an mTBI experience persistent physical, cognitive, and mental health problems. Activity restriction itself may contribute to protracted recovery and other complications. Williamson's Activity Restriction Model of Depression, formulated more than 20 years ago, is central to this hypothesis. We review research evidence for potential harms of prolonged activity restriction and report an mTBI case as an example of how an "activity restriction cascade" can unfold. According to this model, psychological consequences of removal from validating life activities, combined with physical deconditioning, contribute to the development and persistence of postconcussive symptoms after mTBI in some youth. A modification to mTBI guidelines that emphasizes prompt reengagement in life activities as tolerated is encouraged. © SAGE Publications.},
keywords = {activity restriction, Anxiety, Article, athletic trainer, brain concussion, case report, Concussion, daily life activity, depression, Dizziness, evolution, exercise, expectation, headache, human, Male, mood disorder, mTBI, nocebo effect, patient harm, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, practice guideline, prolonged activity restriction, psychological aspect, Rehabilitation, rest, school, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment outcome, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan, W P; Jordaan, M; Prabhu, S P; Carew, L; Mannix, R C; Proctor, M R
Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 133–137, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult
@article{Meehan2015,
title = {Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low},
author = {Meehan, W P and Jordaan, M and Prabhu, S P and Carew, L and Mannix, R C and Proctor, M R},
doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000107},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {133--137},
abstract = {Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Marinides, Z; Galetta, K M; Andrews, C N; Wilson, J A; Herman, D C; Robinson, C D; Smith, M S; Bentley, B C; Galetta, S L; Balcer, L J; Clugston, J R
Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Balance Error Scoring System, brain concussion, clinical assessment, Female, football, human, King Devick Test, major clinical study, Male, priority journal, Soccer, sport injury, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, vision test
@article{Marinides2015,
title = {Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion},
author = {Marinides, Z and Galetta, K M and Andrews, C N and Wilson, J A and Herman, D C and Robinson, C D and Smith, M S and Bentley, B C and Galetta, S L and Balcer, L J and Clugston, J R},
doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000060},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology: Clinical Practice},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {25--34},
abstract = {We examined the King-Devick (K-D) test, a vision-based test of rapid number naming, as a complement to components of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT3) for diagnosis of concussion. Baseline and postconcussion data for the University of Florida men's football, women's soccer, and women's lacrosse teams were collected, including the K-D test, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Among 30 athletes with first concussion during their athletic season (n 5 217 total), differences from baseline to postinjury showed worsening of K-D time scores in 79%, while SAC showed a ≥2- point worsening in 52%. Combining K-D and SAC captured abnormalities in 89%; adding the BESS identified 100% of concussions. Adding a vision-based test may enhance the detection of athletes with concussion. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Balance Error Scoring System, brain concussion, clinical assessment, Female, football, human, King Devick Test, major clinical study, Male, priority journal, Soccer, sport injury, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, vision test},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rapp, P E; Keyser, D O; Albano, A; Hernandez, R; Gibson, D B; Zambon, R A; David Hairston, W; Hughes, J D; Krystal, A; Nichols, A S
Traumatic brain injury detection using electrophysiological methods Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. FEB, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, brain electrophysiology, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, connectome, diagnostic accuracy, EEG, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, evidence based medicine, executive function, human, intermethod comparison, latent period, neuroimaging, neuropathology, Non-linear dynamical analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, QEEG, Signal Processing, traumatic brain injury
@article{Rapp2015,
title = {Traumatic brain injury detection using electrophysiological methods},
author = {Rapp, P E and Keyser, D O and Albano, A and Hernandez, R and Gibson, D B and Zambon, R A and {David Hairston}, W and Hughes, J D and Krystal, A and Nichols, A S},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2015.00011},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {9},
number = {FEB},
abstract = {Measuring neuronal activity with electrophysiological methods may be useful in detecting neurological dysfunctions, such as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).This approach may be particularly valuable for rapid detection in at-risk populations including military service members and athletes. Electrophysiological methods, such as quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and recording event-related potentials (ERPs) may be promising; however, the field is nascent and significant controversy exists on the efficacy and accuracy of the approaches as diagnostic tools. For example, the specific measures derived from an electroencephalogram (EEG) that are most suitable as markers of dysfunction have not been clearly established. A study was conducted to summarize and evaluate the statistical rigor of evidence on the overall utility of qEEG as an mTBI detection tool. The analysis evaluated qEEG measures/parameters that may be most suitable as fieldable diagnostic tools, identified other types of EEG measures and analysis methods of promise, recommended specific measures and analysis methods for further development as mTBI detection tools, identified research gaps in the field, and recommended future research and development thrust areas. The qEEG study group formed the following conclusions: (1) Individual qEEG measures provide limited diagnostic utility for mTBI. However, many measures can be important features of qEEG discriminant functions, which do show significant promise as mTBI detection tools. (2) ERPs offer utility in mTBI detection. In fact, evidence indicates that ERPs can identify abnormalities in cases where EEGs alone are non-disclosing. (3)The standard mathematical procedures used in the characterization of mTBI EEGs should be expanded to incorporate newer methods of analysis including non-linear dynamical analysis, complexity measures, analysis of causal interactions, graph theory, and information dynamics. (4) Reports of high specificity in qEEG evaluations of TBI must be interpreted with care. High specificities have been reported in carefully constructed clinical studies in which healthy controls were compared against a carefully selected TBI population. The published literature indicates, however, that similar abnormalities in qEEG measures are observed in other neuropsychiatric disorders. While it may be possible to distinguish a clinical patient from a healthy control participant with this technology, these measures are unlikely to discriminate between, for example, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or TBI. The specificities observed in these clinical studies may well be lost in real world clinical practice. (5)The absence of specificity does not preclude clinical utility. The possibility of use as a longitudinal measure of treatment response remains. However, efficacy as a longitudinal clinical measure does require acceptable test-retest reliability. To date, very few test-retest reliability studies have been published with qEEG data obtained from TBI patients or from healthy controls. This is a particular concern because high variability is a known characteristic of the injured central nervous system. © 2015 Rapp, Keyser , Albano, Hernandez, Gibson, Zambon, Hairston, Hughes, Krystal and Nichols.},
keywords = {Article, brain electrophysiology, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, connectome, diagnostic accuracy, EEG, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, evidence based medicine, executive function, human, intermethod comparison, latent period, neuroimaging, neuropathology, Non-linear dynamical analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, QEEG, Signal Processing, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J
The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview
@article{Sharma2015,
title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},
author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {1--6},
abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Davis, G A; Thurairatnam, S; Feleggakis, P; Anderson, V; Bressan, S; Babl, F E
HeadCheck: A concussion app Journal Article
In: Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 830–831, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, algorithm, Athletic Injuries, Australia, brain concussion, checklist, Child, child health care, consensus development, human, Humans, mobile application, Mobile Applications, mobile phone, practice guideline, priority journal, Review, smartphone, sport injury, validation process
@article{Davis2015ab,
title = {HeadCheck: A concussion app},
author = {Davis, G A and Thurairatnam, S and Feleggakis, P and Anderson, V and Bressan, S and Babl, F E},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.12879},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Paediatrics \& Child Health},
volume = {51},
number = {8},
pages = {830--831},
keywords = {Adolescent, algorithm, Athletic Injuries, Australia, brain concussion, checklist, Child, child health care, consensus development, human, Humans, mobile application, Mobile Applications, mobile phone, practice guideline, priority journal, Review, smartphone, sport injury, validation process},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J
In: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 375, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014,
title = {Correspondence regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy following repetitive concussion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68: 709-35},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897451593\&partnerID=40\&md5=f463487f44a2ebf124b57a70320560a8},
doi = {10.1097/NEN.0000000000000057},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {375},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stein, T D; Alvarez, V E; McKee, A C
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A spectrum of neuropathological changes following repetitive brain trauma in athletes and military personnel Journal Article
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 1, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Alzheimer disease, amnesia, army, astrocyte, athlete, behavior change, brain atrophy, brain stem, brain weight, central sulcus, chronic disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy TAR DNA binding p, cognitive defect, comorbidity, Dementia, depression, diencephalon, diffuse Lewy body disease, exposure, frontotemporal dementia, human, impulsiveness, irritability, Motor neuron disease, nerve fiber, neurite, neurofibrillary tangle, neuropathology, nonhuman, personality disorder, priority journal, Review, short term memory, soldier, staging, suicidal ideation, tau protein, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, veteran
@article{Stein2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A spectrum of neuropathological changes following repetitive brain trauma in athletes and military personnel},
author = {Stein, T D and Alvarez, V E and McKee, A C},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892718392\&partnerID=40\&md5=c39a0e58ad33cee7a570b4681131d6ea},
doi = {10.1186/alzrt234},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs in association with repetitive traumatic brain injury experienced in sport and military service. In most instances, the clinical symptoms of the disease begin after a long period of latency ranging from several years to several decades. The initial symptoms are typically insidious, consisting of irritability, impulsivity, aggression, depression, short-term memory loss and heightened suicidality. The symptoms progress slowly over decades to include cognitive deficits and dementia. The pathology of CTE is characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein in neurons and astrocytes in a pattern that is unique from other tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. The hyperphosphorylated tau abnormalities begin focally, as perivascular neurofibrillary tangles and neurites at the depths of the cerebral sulci, and then spread to involve superficial layers of adjacent cortex before becoming a widespread degeneration affecting medial temporal lobe structures, diencephalon and brainstem. Most instances of CTE (\>85% of cases) show abnormal accumulations of phosphorylated 43 kDa TAR DNA binding protein that are partially colocalized with phosphorylated tau protein. As CTE is characterized pathologically by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, by abnormal deposits of phosphorylated tau and by 43 kDa TAR DNA binding protein and is associated clinically with behavioral and personality changes, as well as cognitive impairments, CTE is increasingly categorized as an acquired frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Currently, some of the greatest challenges are that CTE cannot be diagnosed during life and the incidence and prevalence of the disorder remain uncertain. Furthermore, the contribution of age, gender, genetics, stress, alcohol and substance abuse to the development of CTE remains to be determined. © 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Aggression, Alzheimer disease, amnesia, army, astrocyte, athlete, behavior change, brain atrophy, brain stem, brain weight, central sulcus, chronic disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy TAR DNA binding p, cognitive defect, comorbidity, Dementia, depression, diencephalon, diffuse Lewy body disease, exposure, frontotemporal dementia, human, impulsiveness, irritability, Motor neuron disease, nerve fiber, neurite, neurofibrillary tangle, neuropathology, nonhuman, personality disorder, priority journal, Review, short term memory, soldier, staging, suicidal ideation, tau protein, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, veteran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Baugh, C M; Robbins, C A; Stern, R A; McKee, A C
Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Current Treatment Options in Neurology, vol. 16, no. 9, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, attention disturbance, axonal injury, biological marker, Biomarker, Brain trauma, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy APOE, clinical feature, concentration loss, Concussion, degenerative disease, football, genetic risk, headache, human, in vivo study, injury severity, lifestyle, neuropathology, risk factor, Tau, traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
@article{Baugh2014,
title = {Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Baugh, C M and Robbins, C A and Stern, R A and McKee, A C},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905669544\&partnerID=40\&md5=b7b1e2fe8132cad56800bf4102896b64},
doi = {10.1007/s11940-014-0306-5},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Current Treatment Options in Neurology},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
keywords = {Article, attention disturbance, axonal injury, biological marker, Biomarker, Brain trauma, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy APOE, clinical feature, concentration loss, Concussion, degenerative disease, football, genetic risk, headache, human, in vivo study, injury severity, lifestyle, neuropathology, risk factor, Tau, traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iverson, Grant L; Gerrard, Paul B; Atkins, Joseph E; Zafonte, Ross; Berkner, Paul D
Concussion histories in high school girls are similar across sports Journal Article
In: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, pp. a92–3, 2014, ISBN: 0894-9115.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology, Cross Sectional Studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, human, Maine, Patient History Taking, Retrospective Design, Schools, Secondary, Sports
@article{Iverson2014a,
title = {Concussion histories in high school girls are similar across sports},
author = {Iverson, Grant L and Gerrard, Paul B and Atkins, Joseph E and Zafonte, Ross and Berkner, Paul D},
isbn = {0894-9115},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation},
pages = {a92--3},
abstract = {Objectives: Relatively little is known about concussions in adolescent girls. This study describes self-reported concussion histories in adolescent girls stratified by sports. Design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, survey study. Participants were 2,312 adolescent girls from Maine (Mean age=15.7},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology, Cross Sectional Studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, human, Maine, Patient History Taking, Retrospective Design, Schools, Secondary, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ling, H; Kara, E; Revesz, T; Lees, A J; Plant, G T; Martino, D; Houlden, H; Hardy, J; Holton, J L
Concomitant progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a boxer Journal Article
In: Acta neuropathologica communications, vol. 2, pp. 24, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aged, Brain Injury, case report, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy GRN protein, complication, genetics, huma, human, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, LRRK2 protein, Male, MAPT protein, pathology, Progressive, progressive supranuclear palsy, protein serine threonine kinase, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, signal peptide, Supranuclear Palsy, tau protein, tau Proteins
@article{Ling2014,
title = {Concomitant progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a boxer},
author = {Ling, H and Kara, E and Revesz, T and Lees, A J and Plant, G T and Martino, D and Houlden, H and Hardy, J and Holton, J L},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921282712\&partnerID=40\&md5=ff0c2f58ec97372861b423eb0aa0d6c0},
doi = {10.1186/2051-5960-2-24},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Acta neuropathologica communications},
volume = {2},
pages = {24},
abstract = {We report the case of a 75-year-old ex-professional boxer who developed diplopia and eye movement abnormalities in his 60's followed by memory impairment, low mood and recurrent falls. Examination shortly before death revealed hypomimia, dysarthria, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and impaired postural reflexes. Pathological examination demonstrated 4-repeat tau neuronal and glial lesions, including tufted astrocytes, consistent with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles composed of mixed 3-repeat and 4-repeat tau and astrocytic tangles in a distribution highly suggestive of chronic traumatic encephalopathy were observed together with limbic TDP-43 pathology. Possible mechanisms for the co-occurrence of these two tau pathologies are discussed.},
keywords = {aged, Brain Injury, case report, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy GRN protein, complication, genetics, huma, human, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, LRRK2 protein, Male, MAPT protein, pathology, Progressive, progressive supranuclear palsy, protein serine threonine kinase, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, signal peptide, Supranuclear Palsy, tau protein, tau Proteins},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Solomon, G S; Sills, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the availability cascade Journal Article
In: The Physician and sportsmedicine, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 26–31, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 20th Century, Athletic Injuries, Bias (Epidemiology), brain, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy autopsy, HISTORY, human, Humans, pathology, public opinion, sport injury, statistical bias
@article{Solomon2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the availability cascade},
author = {Solomon, G S and Sills, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922393457\&partnerID=40\&md5=d0415bdf57d1e5162b2dec50aadd55fc},
doi = {10.3810/psm.2014.09.2072},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {The Physician and sportsmedicine},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {26--31},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in sports has been known for \> 85 years, and has experienced a resurgence of interest over the past decade, both in the media and in the scientific community. However, there appears to be a disconnection between the public's perception of CTE and the currently available scientific data. The cognitive bias known as the "availability cascade" has been suggested as a reason to explain this rift in knowledge. This review summarizes and updates the history of CTE in sports, discusses recent epidemiological and autopsy studies, summarizes the evidence base related to CTE in sports, and offers recommendations for future directions.},
keywords = {20th Century, Athletic Injuries, Bias (Epidemiology), brain, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy autopsy, HISTORY, human, Humans, pathology, public opinion, sport injury, statistical bias},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J; Moines, D; Montenigro, P H; Stern, R A
Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 83, no. 21, pp. 1991–1993, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy alcohol abuse, clinical feature, Cognition Disorders, cognitive defect, etiology, human, Humans, Male, mood, Note, priority journal, prisoner of war, psychosis, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014a,
title = {Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J and Moines, D and Montenigro, P H and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922482119\&partnerID=40\&md5=57625e87083b405a16dda4c0a62ac42e},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {83},
number = {21},
pages = {1991--1993},
keywords = {behavior, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy alcohol abuse, clinical feature, Cognition Disorders, cognitive defect, etiology, human, Humans, Male, mood, Note, priority journal, prisoner of war, psychosis, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Levin, B; Bhardwaj, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal Journal Article
In: Neurocritical Care, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 334–344, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence
@article{Levin2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal},
author = {Levin, B and Bhardwaj, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896549537\&partnerID=40\&md5=138104db42f7ca99527a78bb9c821f59},
doi = {10.1007/s12028-013-9931-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurocritical Care},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {334--344},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) formerly known as dementia pugilistica is a long-term neurodegenerative disorder associated with repeated subconcussive head injuries in high-contact sports. We reviewed the existing literature on CTE and examined epidemiological trends, risk factors, and its temporal progression, and proposed the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may provide unique insights to clinicians with an in-depth understanding of the disease to aid in the diagnosis and prevention, and provide future perspectives for research via search of Medline and Cochrane databases as well as manual review of bibliographies from selected articles and monographs. The prevalence of CTE in recent years is on the rise and almost exclusively affects men, with pathologic signs characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral changes, and violent tendencies with some patients demonstrating Parkinsonian-like symptoms and signs. Many patients with CTE die following suicide, accident, or complications of drug or alcohol use. Postmortem pathologic analysis is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and A$beta$ plaques in 50 % of cases. Currently, there are no ante-mortem diagnostic criteria, but modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tension imaging hold promise for delineating the future diagnostic criteria. Further long-term longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate risk factors that will enhance understanding of the disease progression and its pathogenesis. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.},
keywords = {accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mitsis, E M; Riggio, S; Kostakoglu, L; Dickstein, D L; Machac, J; Delman, B; Goldstein, M; Jennings, D; D'Antonio, E; Martin, J; Naidich, T P; Aloysi, A; Fernandez, C; Seibyl, J; DeKosky, S T; Elder, G A; Marek, K; Gordon, W; Hof, P R; Sano, M; Gandy, S
In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Mitsis2014,
title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},
author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},
doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
volume = {4},
number = {9},
abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},
keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gandy, S; Ikonomovic, M D; Mitsis, E; Elder, G; Ahlers, S T; Barth, J; Stone, J R; Dekosky, S T
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis Journal Article
In: Molecular Neurodegeneration, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory
@article{Gandy2014a,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis},
author = {Gandy, S and Ikonomovic, M D and Mitsis, E and Elder, G and Ahlers, S T and Barth, J and Stone, J R and Dekosky, S T},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907464163\&partnerID=40\&md5=109c916e926417c11bab99fd7b44065c},
doi = {10.1186/1750-1326-9-37},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Molecular Neurodegeneration},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
abstract = {Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a recently revived term used to describe a neurodegenerative process that occurs as a long term complication of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Corsellis provided one of the classic descriptions of CTE in boxers under the name "dementia pugilistica" (DP). Much recent attention has been drawn to the apparent association of CTE with contact sports (football, soccer, hockey) and with frequent battlefield exposure to blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Recently, a promising serum biomarker has been identified by measurement of serum levels of the neuronal microtubule associated protein tau. New positron emission tomography (PET) ligands (e.g., [18F] T807) that identify brain tauopathy have been successfully deployed for the in vitro and in vivo detection of presumptive tauopathy in the brains of subjects with clinically probable CTE. Methods. Major academic and lay publications on DP/CTE were reviewed beginning with the 1928 paper describing the initial use of the term CTE by Martland. Results: The major current concepts in the neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and body fluid biomarker science of DP/CTE have been summarized. Newer achievements, such as serum tau and [18F] T807 tauopathy imaging, are also introduced and their significance has been explained. Conclusion: Recent advances in the science of DP/CTE hold promise for elucidating a long sought accurate determination of the true prevalence of CTE. This information holds potentially important public health implications for estimating the risk of contact sports in inflicting permanent and/or progressive brain damage on children, adolescents, and adults. © 2014Gandy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gandy, S; DeKosky, S T
[18F]-T807 tauopathy PET imaging in chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: F1000Research, vol. 3, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aging, Article, athlete, brain region, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy radiopharmaceutic, comorbidity, cumulative trauma disorder, diagnostic value, disease association, disease severity, human, image analysis, ligand binding, neurofibrillary tangle, positron emission tomography, progressive supranuclear palsy, t 807 f 18, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, unclassified drug, veteran
@article{Gandy2014,
title = {[18F]-T807 tauopathy PET imaging in chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Gandy, S and DeKosky, S T},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84923165667\&partnerID=40\&md5=90ae38a9d3536705acb61b5e1fbbc81a},
doi = {10.12688/f1000research.5372.1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {3},
abstract = {A new molecular ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) of the human brain, [18F]-T807, is under investigation for the antemortem detection of pathological neurofibrillary aggregates, which are evidence of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) diseases, also known as tauopathies. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries in athletes and battlefield veterans are associated with one such tauopathy, known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In a recent case report, a former NFL player with clinically probable CTE and a concurrent Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) -like syndrome was studied using [18F]-T807. The interpretation of this player's [18F]-T807 PET imaging was complicated by the overlap of tracer uptake in brain regions involved in CTE and PSP with regions associated with either nonspecific [18F]-T807 ligand binding or "aging-associated" binding of [18F]-T807 to authentic tauopathy known to be associated with aging and disease severity (i.e., NFT in the mesial temporal lobe). The implications of these data for the utility of [18F]-T807 in the pre-mortem detection of CTE are summarized. © 2014 Gandy S and DeKosky ST.},
keywords = {aging, Article, athlete, brain region, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy radiopharmaceutic, comorbidity, cumulative trauma disorder, diagnostic value, disease association, disease severity, human, image analysis, ligand binding, neurofibrillary tangle, positron emission tomography, progressive supranuclear palsy, t 807 f 18, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, unclassified drug, veteran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buzas, David; Jacobson, Nathan A; Morawa, Lawrence G
Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012 Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–8, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent Health, Age Factors, Athletic Injuries -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy an, Baseball, BASKETBALL, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy and, Child, Child Health, Data Analysis Software, descriptive research, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Disease Surveillance, emergency care, Epidemiological Research, Female, football, Gymnastics, Hockey, human, Male, MICHIGAN, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports, Soccer, unconsciousness, UNITED States, wrestling
@article{Buzas2014,
title = {Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012},
author = {Buzas, David and Jacobson, Nathan A and Morawa, Lawrence G},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114528460},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
pages = {1--8},
publisher = {Sage Publications Inc.},
address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent Health, Age Factors, Athletic Injuries -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy an, Baseball, BASKETBALL, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy and, Child, Child Health, Data Analysis Software, descriptive research, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Disease Surveillance, emergency care, Epidemiological Research, Female, football, Gymnastics, Hockey, human, Male, MICHIGAN, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports, Soccer, unconsciousness, UNITED States, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling
@article{Montenigro2014,
title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},
author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {5-8},
abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antonius, D; Mathew, N; Picano, J; Hinds, A; Cogswell, A; Olympia, J; Brooks, T; Di Giacomo, M; Baker, J; Willer, B; Leddy, J
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 313–322, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury
@article{Antonius2014,
title = {Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research},
author = {Antonius, D and Mathew, N and Picano, J and Hinds, A and Cogswell, A and Olympia, J and Brooks, T and {Di Giacomo}, M and Baker, J and Willer, B and Leddy, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920996232\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb8a1deab38101900f8d7a8ac0b7a80c},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {313--322},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies on CTE, combined with a lack of research-accepted diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals who are considered at risk for CTE, makes it difficult to reliably establish a causal relationship between CTE and the onset of behavioral health problems. Selection and reporting bias and inconsistency in data collection methods are other concerns. To advance the field, there is a critical need for more empirical research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE. Recommendations and intervention models are also discussed. © 2014 American Psychiatric Association.},
keywords = {Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arya, V; Chigurupati, R
Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle Journal Article
In: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 569–581, 2016.
@article{Arya2016,
title = {Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle},
author = {Arya, V and Chigurupati, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.033},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {569--581},
abstract = {Purpose Traumatic injuries of the mandible resulting in intrusion of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa are rare and treatment is often based on anecdotal experience. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for the management of condylar intrusion injuries by identifying factors that influenced the treatment decision of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Materials and Methods This study was a systematic review of the literature on intracranial intrusion injuries of the mandibular condyle. A thorough search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases and individual maxillofacial and craniofacial journal databases was conducted using the Medical Subject Heading terms condylar impaction, condylar dislocation, condylar intrusion, and middle cranial fossa and condyle without date and language restriction. Quantitative data on the patient's age, gender, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The authors studied how the predictor variables of age, etiology, time from injury to diagnosis, and associated neurologic injuries influenced the outcome variable of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Results Forty-eight of the 62 retrieved case reports, case series, and review articles were published in the English-language literature from 1963 to 2015. Data on 51 patients with these injuries showed that 38 (75%) were female and younger than 30 years. The most common etiology of injury was motor vehicular accidents, occurring in 25 of 51 patients (49%). The mean time from injury to diagnosis was 31.2 days (0 to 106.4 days). Forty of the 51 patients (78%) were diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury. A good proportion of patients underwent open reduction (63%) and 18 of the 51 of patients (35%) underwent closed reduction. Conclusions Predictor variables that influenced the treatment decision of open versus closed reduction were age of the patient, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis. Based on the present results, younger patients (0 to 15 yr old), patients who sustain condylar intrusion injuries from bicycle accidents, and those diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury are more likely to benefit from closed reduction. The treatment algorithm emphasizes the importance of assessment of associated neurologic injuries and an interdisciplinary approach for the management of these injuries. © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moon, K; Theodore, N
Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists? Journal Article
In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 89, pp. 720–721, 2016.
@article{Moon2016,
title = {Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists?},
author = {Moon, K and Theodore, N},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.073},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {World Neurosurgery},
volume = {89},
pages = {720--721},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Schulte, S; Rasmussen, N N; McBeth, J W; Richards, P Q; Yochem, E; Petron, D J; Strathmann, F G
In: EPMA Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.
@article{Schulte2016b,
title = {Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals},
author = {Schulte, S and Rasmussen, N N and McBeth, J W and Richards, P Q and Yochem, E and Petron, D J and Strathmann, F G},
doi = {10.1186/s13167-016-0050-x},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {EPMA Journal},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
abstract = {Background: A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team. Methods: We used a CLIA-certified laboratory for all testing and chose biomarkers where clinically validated testing was available as would be required for results used in clinical decision making. We summarized the existing methods and results for concussion assessment across an entire season to identify and demonstrate the challenges with the eventual integration of a parallel process using blood-based tests for concussion management. We analyzed the results of the biomarkers chosen for trends consistent with the outcome assessments provided from the current concussion management protocols. Results: Baseline samples were collected with three additional post-concussion samples collected at three separate time points from players with a diagnosed concussion (n = 12). A summary of results from currently used concussion assessment tools were compared to the representative biomarkers S100B and NSE results. Nine sport-related concussions occurred during practice and three during play. For S100B, 50% had follow-up testing results lower than the post-injury result. In contrast, 92% of NSE follow-up results were lower than post-injury. One hundred percent of the results for S100B and NSE were within the athlete-derived reference intervals upon return-to-play and season end. Conclusions: The reported workflow provides a framework for the eventual implementation of biomarkers for concussion assessment into existing assessment protocols and strengthens the need for reliance on clinical laboratory testing. Athlete-specific reference intervals will be required to adequately interpret results. © 2016 Schulte et al.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halim, A; Lamikanra, O E; Sutton, K
Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors Journal Article
In: American Journal of Orthopedics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 12–15, 2016.
@article{Halim2016,
title = {Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors},
author = {Halim, A and Lamikanra, O E and Sutton, K},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {12--15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Silverberg, N D; Berkner, P D; Atkins, J E; Zafonte, R; Iverson, G L
Relationship between Short Sleep Duration and Preseason Concussion Testing Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 226–231, 2016.
@article{Silverberg2016,
title = {Relationship between Short Sleep Duration and Preseason Concussion Testing},
author = {Silverberg, N D and Berkner, P D and Atkins, J E and Zafonte, R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000241},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {226--231},
abstract = {Objective: Baseline, preseason assessment of cognition, symptoms, and balance has been recommended as part of a comprehensive sport concussion management program. We examined the relationship between sleep and baseline test results. We hypothesized that adolescents who slept fewer hours the night before would report more symptoms and perform more poorly on cognitive testing than students who had a full night sleep. Design: Cross-sectional observation study. Setting: Preseason concussion testing for high school athletes. Participants: A large sample (n 2928) of student athletes from Maine, USA, between the ages of 13 and 18 years completed preseason testing. Participants with developmental problems, a history of treatment for neurological or psychiatric problems, recent concussion, or 3 or more prior concussions were excluded. Assessment of Risk Factors: Athletes were divided into 4 groups based on their sleep duration the night before testing. Main Outcome Measures: Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT; ImPACT Applications, Inc, Pittsburgh, PA) cognitive composite scores and the embedded Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. Results: Sleep was not related to any ImPACT cognitive composite score, after covarying for age and controlling for multiple comparisons. In contrast, there were sleep duration, sex, and sleep duration by sex effects on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. The effect of sleep duration on symptom reporting was more pronounced in girls. Supplementary analyses suggested that sleep insufficiency was associated with a diverse array of postconcussion-like symptoms. Conclusions: Poor sleep the night before baseline or postinjury testing may be an important confound when assessing postconcussion symptoms. Girls may be more vulnerable to experiencing and reporting symptoms following insufficient sleep. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should routinely ask how the athlete slept the night before preseason baseline testing and consider deferring the symptom assessment or later retesting athletes who slept poorly. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I
A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article
In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.
@article{Keays2016,
title = {A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study},
author = {Keays, G and Friedman, D and Gagnon, I},
doi = {10.1177/0009922815602631},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Pediatrics},
volume = {55},
number = {7},
pages = {603--613},
abstract = {Introduction. Little is known about Canadian youth football injuries. The objectives of this study were (a) to contrast the injuries in Canadian and American football players aged 6 to 17 years and (b) compare the injuries sustained during organized football with those in nonorganized football. Methods. Using a retrospective cohort design based on data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System a comparison of injuries was made. Results. Trends in injuries were comparable. Proportions and odds of injuries were similar, except for a few exceptions. In Canada, more girls were injured and fractures were more prevalent. Compared with nonorganized football, organized football players were older, involved more males, and suffered more traumatic brain injuries and injuries to their lower extremities. Conclusion. Canadian and American youth football injuries were similar. The type of football, be it organized or nonorganized, has an impact on injuries. © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Laker, S R; Meron, A; Greher, M R; Wilson, J
Retirement and Activity Restrictions Following Concussion Journal Article
In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 487–501, 2016.
@article{Laker2016,
title = {Retirement and Activity Restrictions Following Concussion},
author = {Laker, S R and Meron, A and Greher, M R and Wilson, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2016.01.001},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation Clinics of North America},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {487--501},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Williams, J M; Langdon, J L; McMillan, J L; Buckley, T A
English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 197–204, 2016.
@article{Williams2016,
title = {English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude},
author = {Williams, J M and Langdon, J L and McMillan, J L and Buckley, T A},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.009},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {197--204},
abstract = {Background: Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods: Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge (0-25) and attitude (15-75) scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results: The mean score on the RoCKAS knowledge was 16.4 ± 2.9 (range 11-22) and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 (range 41-71). The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers. © 2016.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arbogast, K B; Curry, A E; Pfeiffer, M R; Zonfrillo, M R; Haarbauer-Krupa, J; Breiding, M J; Coronado, V G; Master, C L
Point of health care entry for youth with concussion within a large pediatric care network Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 170, no. 7, 2016.
@article{Arbogast2016,
title = {Point of health care entry for youth with concussion within a large pediatric care network},
author = {Arbogast, K B and Curry, A E and Pfeiffer, M R and Zonfrillo, M R and Haarbauer-Krupa, J and Breiding, M J and Coronado, V G and Master, C L},
doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0294},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {170},
number = {7},
abstract = {Importance: Previous epidemiologic research on concussions has primarily been limited to patient populations presenting to sport concussion clinics or to emergency departments (EDs) and to those high school age or older. By examining concussion visits across an entire pediatric health care network, a better estimate of the scope of the problem can be obtained. Objective: To comprehensively describe point of entry for children with concussion, overall and by relevant factors including age, sex, race/ethnicity, and payor, to quantify where children initially seek care for this injury. Design, setting, and participants: In this descriptive epidemiologic study, datawere collected from primary care, specialty care, ED, urgent care, and inpatient settings. The initial concussion-related visit was selected and variation in the initial health care location (primary care, specialty care, ED, or hospital) was examined in relation to relevant variables. All patients aged 0 to 17 years who received their primary care from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's (CHOP) network and had 1 or more in-person clinical visits for concussion in the CHOP unified electronic health record (EHR) system (July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2014) were selected. Main outcomes and measures: Frequency of initial concussion visits at each type of health care location. Concussion visits in the EHR were defined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes indicative of concussion. Results: A total of 8083 patients were included (median age, 13 years; interquartile range, 10-15 years). Overall, 81.9% (95% CI, 81.1%-82.8%; n = 6624) had their first visit at CHOP within primary care, 5.2%(95% CI, 4.7%-5.7%; n = 418) within specialty care, and 11.7%(95% CI, 11.0%-12.4%; n = 947) within the ED. Health care entry varied by age: 52%(191/368) of children aged 0 to 4 years entered CHOP via the ED, whereas more than three-quarters of those aged 5 to 17 years entered via primary care (5-11 years: 1995/2492; 12-14 years: 2415/2820; and 15-17 years: 2056/2403). Insurance status also influenced the pattern of health care use, with more Medicaid patients using the ED for concussion care (478/1290 Medicaid patients [37%] used the ED vs 435/6652 private patients [7%] and 34/141 self-pay patients [24%]). Conclusions and relevance: The findings suggest estimates of concussion incidence based solely on ED visits underestimate the burden of injury, highlight the importance of the primary care setting in concussion care management, and demonstrate the potential for EHR systems to advance research in this area. Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan, W P; Jordaan, M; Prabhu, S P; Carew, L; Mannix, R C; Proctor, M R
Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 133–137, 2015.
@article{Meehan2015,
title = {Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low},
author = {Meehan, W P and Jordaan, M and Prabhu, S P and Carew, L and Mannix, R C and Proctor, M R},
doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000107},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {133--137},
abstract = {Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.
@article{Zottoli2015,
title = {Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases},
author = {Zottoli, T M and Hoover, S and Barr, W B},
doi = {10.1080/13854046.2015.1062562},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {678--688},
abstract = {Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking of concussion symptoms in athletes. The purpose of the current study was to validate the utility of the SAC as an embedded screening measure for insufficient effort in independent medical examinations (IME) and personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design was used to examine the SACs utility for the detection of insufficient effort in 75 de-identified private IME and civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications of insufficient effort were made independently of SAC scores, on the basis of having two or more scores falling below established cut-offs on previously validated neuropsychological measures. Results: Results suggest that the total score on the SAC significantly distinguishes effortful respondents from those exhibiting insufficient effort. Empirically derived cut-off scores yielded adequate sensitivity (.62-.95) and negative predictive power (.93-.97). Conclusions: While optimal cut-off scores depend upon intended use, our data suggest that the SAC is useful as a potential screener for insufficient effort, after which one can employ additional measures to rule out false-positives. Further research is required before cut-off scores can be recommended for clinical use. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Marinides, Z; Galetta, K M; Andrews, C N; Wilson, J A; Herman, D C; Robinson, C D; Smith, M S; Bentley, B C; Galetta, S L; Balcer, L J; Clugston, J R
Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2015.
@article{Marinides2015,
title = {Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion},
author = {Marinides, Z and Galetta, K M and Andrews, C N and Wilson, J A and Herman, D C and Robinson, C D and Smith, M S and Bentley, B C and Galetta, S L and Balcer, L J and Clugston, J R},
doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000060},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology: Clinical Practice},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {25--34},
abstract = {We examined the King-Devick (K-D) test, a vision-based test of rapid number naming, as a complement to components of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT3) for diagnosis of concussion. Baseline and postconcussion data for the University of Florida men's football, women's soccer, and women's lacrosse teams were collected, including the K-D test, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Among 30 athletes with first concussion during their athletic season (n 5 217 total), differences from baseline to postinjury showed worsening of K-D time scores in 79%, while SAC showed a ≥2- point worsening in 52%. Combining K-D and SAC captured abnormalities in 89%; adding the BESS identified 100% of concussions. Adding a vision-based test may enhance the detection of athletes with concussion. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J
The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.
@article{Sharma2015,
title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},
author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {1--6},
abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K
Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.
@article{Ellis2015,
title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},
author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},
doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {248--255},
abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E
The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.
@article{Brown2015b,
title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},
author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {394--399},
abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGinley, A D; Master, C L; Zonfrillo, M R
Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update Journal Article
In: Adolescent Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 491–506, 2015.
@article{McGinley2015,
title = {Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update},
author = {McGinley, A D and Master, C L and Zonfrillo, M R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Adolescent Medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {491--506},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wang, H; Wang, B; Jackson, K; Miller, C M; Hasadsri, L; Llano, D; Rubin, R; Zimmerman, J; Johnson, C; Sutton, B
A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports Journal Article
In: Translational Neuroscience, vol. 6, pp. 20–31, 2015.
@article{Wang2015a,
title = {A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports},
author = {Wang, H and Wang, B and Jackson, K and Miller, C M and Hasadsri, L and Llano, D and Rubin, R and Zimmerman, J and Johnson, C and Sutton, B},
doi = {10.1515/tnsci-2015-0004},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Translational Neuroscience},
volume = {6},
pages = {20--31},
abstract = {Emerging research on the long-term impact of concussions on athletes has allowed public recognition of the potentially devastating effects of these and other mild head injuries. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a multifaceted disease for which management remains a clinical challenge. Recent pre-clinical and clinical data strongly suggest a destructive synergism between brain temperature elevation and mTBI; conversely, brain hypothermia, with its broader, pleiotropic effects, represents the most potent neuro-protectant in laboratory studies to date. Although well-established in selected clinical conditions, a systemic approach to accomplish regional hypothermia has failed to yield an effective treatment strategy in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, although systemic hypothermia remains a potentially valid treatment strategy for moderate to severe TBIs, it is neither practical nor safe for mTBIs. Therefore, selective head-neck cooling may represent an ideal strategy to provide therapeutic benefits to the brain. Optimizing brain temperature management using a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spacesuit spinoff head-neck cooling technology before and/or after mTBI in contact sports may represent a sensible, practical, and effective method to potentially enhance recover and minimize post-injury deficits. In this paper, we discuss and summarize the anatomical, physiological, preclinical, and clinical data concerning NASA spinoff head-neck cooling technology as a potential treatment for mTBIs, particularly in the context of contact sports. © 2015 Huan Wang et al., licensee De Gruyter Open.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W
Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors
@article{DeMatteo2015,
title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},
author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jackson, K; Rubin, R; Van Hoeck, N; Hauert, T; Lana, V; Wang, H
The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers Journal Article
In: Translational Neuroscience, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 131–138, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, Athletics, body temperature, body temperature measurement, brain, brain temperature, clinical assessment, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cold tolerance, cold treatment, Concussion, diastolic blood pressure, executive function, Feasibility, Female, head neck cooling, Heart Rate, human, human experiment, infrared thermometer, Intervention, Male, mouth temperature, normal human, physiological process, priority journal, pulse oximetry, room temperature, systolic blood pressure, TASK performance, temperature management device, thermoregulation, tympanic temperature, velocity, welkins emt temperature management system, working memory
@article{Jackson2015,
title = {The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers},
author = {Jackson, K and Rubin, R and {Van Hoeck}, N and Hauert, T and Lana, V and Wang, H},
doi = {10.1515/tnsci-2015-0012},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Translational Neuroscience},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {131--138},
abstract = {In general, brain temperatures are elevated during physical sporting activities; therefore, reducing brain temperature shortly after a sports-related concussion (SRC) could be a promising intervention technique. The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of head and neck cooling on physiological and cognitive function in normal healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent two different sessions of combined head and neck cooling, one session with a cold pack and one session with a room temperature pack. Physiological measurements included: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and sublingual and tympanic temperature. Cognitive assessment included: processing speed, executive function, and working memory tasks. Physiological measurements were taken pre-, mid- and post-cooling, while cognitive assessments were done before and after cooling. The order of the sessions was randomized. There was a significant decrease in tympanic temperature across both sessions; however more cooling occurred when the cold pack was in the device. There was no significant decrease in sublingual temperature across either session. The observed heart rates, pulse oximetry, systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the sessions were all within range of a normal healthy adult. Cognitive assessment remained stable across each session for both pre- and post-cooling. We propose that optimizing brain temperature management after brain injury using head and neck cooling technology may represent a sensible, practical, and effective strategy to potentially enhance recovery and perhaps minimize the subsequent short and long term consequences from SRC. © 2015 Kevin Jackson et al.},
keywords = {adult, Article, Athletics, body temperature, body temperature measurement, brain, brain temperature, clinical assessment, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cold tolerance, cold treatment, Concussion, diastolic blood pressure, executive function, Feasibility, Female, head neck cooling, Heart Rate, human, human experiment, infrared thermometer, Intervention, Male, mouth temperature, normal human, physiological process, priority journal, pulse oximetry, room temperature, systolic blood pressure, TASK performance, temperature management device, thermoregulation, tympanic temperature, velocity, welkins emt temperature management system, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J
The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article
In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States
@article{Alworth2015,
title = {The sports medicine literature 2013},
author = {Alworth, M and Bond, M C and Brady, W J},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2013.10.005},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {9},
pages = {1283--1287},
keywords = {achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Billock, R M; Anderegg, J J; Mehan, T J; Chounthirath, T; Smith, G A
Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012 Journal Article
In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1745–1749, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury
@article{Billock2015,
title = {Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012},
author = {Billock, R M and Anderegg, J J and Mehan, T J and Chounthirath, T and Smith, G A},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.022},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {12},
pages = {1745--1749},
abstract = {Purpose To investigate the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries in the United States. Basic Procedures The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to examine non-fatal zipline-related injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 1997 through 2012. Sample weights were applied to calculate national estimates. Main Findings From 1997 through 2012, an estimated 16 850 (95% CI, 13 188-20 512) zipline-related injuries were treated in US EDs. The annual injury rate per 1 million population increased by 52.3% from 7.64 (95% CI, 4.86-10.42) injuries in 2009 (the first year with a stable annual estimate) to 11.64 (95% CI, 7.83-15.45) injuries in 2012. Patients aged 0-9 years accounted for 45.0% of injuries, females made up 53.1% of injuries, and 11.7% of patients required hospitalization. Fractures accounted for the largest proportion of injuries (46.7%), and the upper extremities were the most commonly injured body region (44.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 77.3% of injuries. Among cases where the location of the injury event was known, 30.8% of injuries occurred in a residential setting and 69.2% occurred in a public place. Principal Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries using a nationally representative database. The rapid increase in zipline-related injuries in recent years suggests the need for additional safety guidelines and regulations. Commercial ziplines and publicly accessible non-commercial ziplines should be subject to uniform safety standards in all states and jurisdictions across the US, and homemade ziplines should not be used. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mirabelli, M H; Devine, M J; Singh, J; Mendoza, M
The preparticipation sports evaluation Journal Article
In: American Family Physician, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 371–376, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis
@article{Mirabelli2015,
title = {The preparticipation sports evaluation},
author = {Mirabelli, M H and Devine, M J and Singh, J and Mendoza, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Family Physician},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {371--376},
abstract = {The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents morbidity and mortality associated with sports, it may detect conditions that predispose the athlete to injury or illness and can provide strategies to prevent injuries. Clearance depends on the outcome of the evaluation and the type of sport (and sometimes position or event) in which the athlete participates. All persons undergoing a preparticipation physical evaluation should be questioned about exertional symptoms, presence of a heart murmur, symptoms of Marfan syndrome, and family history of premature serious cardiac conditions or sudden death. The physical examination should focus on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. U.S. medical and athletic organizations discourage screening electrocardiography and blood and urine testing in asymptomatic patients. Further evaluation should be considered for persons with heart or lung disease, bleeding disorders, musculoskeletal problems, history of concussion, or other neurologic disorders. © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians.},
keywords = {Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training
@article{Timpka2015,
title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},
author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {643--650},
abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},
keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Register-Mihalik, J K; De Maio, V J; Tibbo-Valeriote, H L; Wooten, J D
Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness
@article{Register-Mihalik2015,
title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},
author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {502--508},
abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 764–775, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult
@article{Merritt2015b,
title = {A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale},
author = {Merritt, V C and Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
doi = {10.1080/13803395.2015.1060950},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
number = {7},
pages = {764--775},
abstract = {Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E
The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries
@article{Brown2015b,
title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},
author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {394--399},
abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},
keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGinley, A D; Master, C L; Zonfrillo, M R
Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update Journal Article
In: Adolescent Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 491–506, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, CONVALESCENCE, human, Humans, injury scale, Recovery of Function, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices
@article{McGinley2015,
title = {Sports-Related Head Injuries in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Update},
author = {McGinley, A D and Master, C L and Zonfrillo, M R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Adolescent Medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {491--506},
keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, CONVALESCENCE, human, Humans, injury scale, Recovery of Function, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires
@article{Zottoli2015,
title = {Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases},
author = {Zottoli, T M and Hoover, S and Barr, W B},
doi = {10.1080/13854046.2015.1062562},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {678--688},
abstract = {Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking of concussion symptoms in athletes. The purpose of the current study was to validate the utility of the SAC as an embedded screening measure for insufficient effort in independent medical examinations (IME) and personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design was used to examine the SACs utility for the detection of insufficient effort in 75 de-identified private IME and civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications of insufficient effort were made independently of SAC scores, on the basis of having two or more scores falling below established cut-offs on previously validated neuropsychological measures. Results: Results suggest that the total score on the SAC significantly distinguishes effortful respondents from those exhibiting insufficient effort. Empirically derived cut-off scores yielded adequate sensitivity (.62-.95) and negative predictive power (.93-.97). Conclusions: While optimal cut-off scores depend upon intended use, our data suggest that the SAC is useful as a potential screener for insufficient effort, after which one can employ additional measures to rule out false-positives. Further research is required before cut-off scores can be recommended for clinical use. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.},
keywords = {brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wang, H; Wang, B; Jackson, K; Miller, C M; Hasadsri, L; Llano, D; Rubin, R; Zimmerman, J; Johnson, C; Sutton, B
A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports Journal Article
In: Translational Neuroscience, vol. 6, pp. 20–31, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acceleration, Article, brain concussion, Brain hypothermia, brain perfusion, brain temperature, brain tissue, clinical study, cognition, contact sport, cooling, diving, exercise, exercise induced hyperthermia, experimental study, government, head neck cooling device, Head-neck cooling, human, hyperthermia, induced hypothermia, mild traumatic brain injury, nonhuman, priority journal, randomized controlled trial (topic), sport injury, Sports, surface property, thermal regulating system, thermal stimulation, thermoregulation, traumatic brain injury
@article{Wang2015a,
title = {A novel head-neck cooling device for concussion injury in contact sports},
author = {Wang, H and Wang, B and Jackson, K and Miller, C M and Hasadsri, L and Llano, D and Rubin, R and Zimmerman, J and Johnson, C and Sutton, B},
doi = {10.1515/tnsci-2015-0004},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Translational Neuroscience},
volume = {6},
pages = {20--31},
abstract = {Emerging research on the long-term impact of concussions on athletes has allowed public recognition of the potentially devastating effects of these and other mild head injuries. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a multifaceted disease for which management remains a clinical challenge. Recent pre-clinical and clinical data strongly suggest a destructive synergism between brain temperature elevation and mTBI; conversely, brain hypothermia, with its broader, pleiotropic effects, represents the most potent neuro-protectant in laboratory studies to date. Although well-established in selected clinical conditions, a systemic approach to accomplish regional hypothermia has failed to yield an effective treatment strategy in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, although systemic hypothermia remains a potentially valid treatment strategy for moderate to severe TBIs, it is neither practical nor safe for mTBIs. Therefore, selective head-neck cooling may represent an ideal strategy to provide therapeutic benefits to the brain. Optimizing brain temperature management using a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spacesuit spinoff head-neck cooling technology before and/or after mTBI in contact sports may represent a sensible, practical, and effective method to potentially enhance recover and minimize post-injury deficits. In this paper, we discuss and summarize the anatomical, physiological, preclinical, and clinical data concerning NASA spinoff head-neck cooling technology as a potential treatment for mTBIs, particularly in the context of contact sports. © 2015 Huan Wang et al., licensee De Gruyter Open.},
keywords = {Acceleration, Article, brain concussion, Brain hypothermia, brain perfusion, brain temperature, brain tissue, clinical study, cognition, contact sport, cooling, diving, exercise, exercise induced hyperthermia, experimental study, government, head neck cooling device, Head-neck cooling, human, hyperthermia, induced hypothermia, mild traumatic brain injury, nonhuman, priority journal, randomized controlled trial (topic), sport injury, Sports, surface property, thermal regulating system, thermal stimulation, thermoregulation, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Rieman, W; Lichtenstein, J; Condiracci, C
Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 273–278, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome
@article{Maerlender2015a,
title = {Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study},
author = {Maerlender, A and Rieman, W and Lichtenstein, J and Condiracci, C},
doi = {10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Although no data exist, general practice recommends only rest following concussion. This randomized clinical trial found that programmed physical exertion during recovery produced no significant differences in recovery time between groups of participants. However, high levels of exertion were deleterious. This study provides initial evidence that moderate physical activity is a safe replacement behavior during recovery. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Iverson, G L; Quinn, T N; Makdissi, M; Levi, C R; Shultz, S R; Wright, D K; Stanwell, P
A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1182–1185, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording
@article{Gardner2015b,
title = {A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League},
author = {Gardner, A J and Iverson, G L and Quinn, T N and Makdissi, M and Levi, C R and Shultz, S R and Wright, D K and Stanwell, P},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1034179},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {1182--1185},
abstract = {Primary objective: To conduct the first video analysis of concussion in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) and describe player and injury characteristics, situational factors and time to return to play.Research design: Descriptive, observational case series.Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 20 medically diagnosed concussions for three consenting clubs during the 2013 NRL season.Main outcome and results: Most concussions (83%) occurred during a high tackle, and all injured ball carriers were hit high. Loss of consciousness was observed in 30% of cases. Common observable signs of injury included clutching of the head, balance problems or wobbly legs and a blank or vacant state. There were no post-concussive seizures. All players with loss of consciousness were removed from play. However, only half of the total sample was removed from play and one athlete who was removed returned to play in the same match. Of the players who were removed from play, the large majority returned the following week. Illegal play accounted for 25% of all concussions.Conclusions: Video analysis may be a useful method to study the incidence, mechanism and management of concussion in sports such as Rugby League. Future studies may include larger numbers to validate this preliminary data and may also investigate other levels of play and age ranges. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dessy, A M; Rasouli, J; Choudhri, T F
Second Impact Syndrome: A Rare, Devastating Consequence of Repetitive Head Injuries Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 423–426, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, brain concussion, clinical feature, Concussion, Dizziness, fatigue, headache, human, hyperemia, intracranial hypertension, memory disorder, Neck pain, neuropathology, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, Pathophysiology, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, respiratory failure, Second impact syndrome, sport injury, traumatic brain injury
@article{Dessy2015,
title = {Second Impact Syndrome: A Rare, Devastating Consequence of Repetitive Head Injuries},
author = {Dessy, A M and Rasouli, J and Choudhri, T F},
doi = {10.1097/WNQ.0000000000000085},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery Quarterly},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {423--426},
abstract = {Sports-related concussion has been viewed as a developing public health crisis in recent years. Underrecognition of concussions can lead to premature clearance for athletic participation. Second impact syndrome (SIS) represents a rare, yet devastating, potential outcome of premature return to play. SIS is a condition in which rapid brain swelling occurs as a result of a repeat head injury sustained before symptoms of a previous head injury have resolved. Within minutes of the second impact, diffuse cerebral swelling, brain herniation, and death can occur. There are \<20 documented cases of SIS in the world literature to date, and the general understanding of the syndrome is based largely on interpretation of anecdotal cases. This article reviews current understanding of the epidemiology and pathology of SIS. Given neurosurgeons' role in management of head trauma, it is essential that neurosurgeons acquire and maintain thorough knowledge of concussion diagnosis, treatment, and management. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Article, brain concussion, clinical feature, Concussion, Dizziness, fatigue, headache, human, hyperemia, intracranial hypertension, memory disorder, Neck pain, neuropathology, neurosurgeon, neurosurgery, Pathophysiology, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, respiratory failure, Second impact syndrome, sport injury, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dretsch, M N; Kelly, M P; Coldren, R L; Parish, R V; Russell, M L
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1217–1222, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult
@article{Dretsch2015a,
title = {No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers},
author = {Dretsch, M N and Kelly, M P and Coldren, R L and Parish, R V and Russell, M L},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3637},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {16},
pages = {1217--1222},
abstract = {Seventy-one deployed U.S. Army soldiers who presented for concussion care due to either blast or blunt mechanisms within 72 h of injury were assessed using the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), traditional neuropsychological tests, and health status questionnaires. Follow-up ANAM testing was performed 10 d after initial testing (±5 d). Twenty-one soldiers were excluded: two for poor effort and 19 who had combined blast/blunt injuries. Of the remaining 50 male participants, 34 had blast injuries and 16 had blunt injuries. There were no statistically significant differences between blast injury and blunt injury participants in demographic, physical, or psychological health factors, concussive symptoms, or automated and traditional neurocognitive testing scores within 72 h post-injury. In addition, follow-up ANAM scores up to 15 d post-injury were not significantly different (available on 21 blast-injured and 13 blunt-injured subjects). Pre-injury baseline ANAM scores were compared where available, and revealed no statistically significant differences between 22 blast injury and eight blunt injury participants. These findings suggest there are no significant differences between mechanisms of injury during both the acute and subacute periods in neurobehavioral concussion sequelae while deployed in a combat environment. The current study supports the use of sports/mechanical concussion models for early concussion management in the deployed setting and exploration of variability in potential long-term outcomes. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phillips, S; Woessner, D
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 243–248, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed
@article{Phillips2015b,
title = {Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Phillips, S and Woessner, D},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.010},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {243--248},
abstract = {Concussions have garnered more attention in the medical literature, media, and social media. As such, in the nomenclature according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the term concussion has been supplanted by the term mild traumatic brain injury. Current numbers indicate that 1.7 million TBIs are documented annually, with estimates around 3 million annually (173,285 sports- and recreation-related TBIs among children and adolescents). The Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and the NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool are commonly used sideline tools. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bondi, C O; Semple, B D; Noble-Haeusslein, L J; Osier, N D; Carlson, S W; Dixon, C E; Giza, C C; Kline, A E
Found in translation: Understanding the biology and behavior of experimental traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 58, pp. 123–146, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 8 hydroxy 2 propylaminotetralin, Aggression, Attentional set-shifting test (AST), buspirone, Closed head injury, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive function test, Concussion, conditioning, Controlled cortical impact (CCI), environmental enrichment, Environmental enrichment (EE), executive function, experimental disease, fear, Fluid percussion (FP), human, interpersonal communication, Memory, motor function test, nerve degeneration, neuropsychological test, Neurorehabilitation, nonhuman, outcome assessment, Pathophysiology, pediatrics, priority journal, rehabilitation care, Review, rodent, rotarod test, sensorimotor function, Social behavior, social disability, social interaction, spatial learning, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury
@article{Bondi2015,
title = {Found in translation: Understanding the biology and behavior of experimental traumatic brain injury},
author = {Bondi, C O and Semple, B D and Noble-Haeusslein, L J and Osier, N D and Carlson, S W and Dixon, C E and Giza, C C and Kline, A E},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.004},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews},
volume = {58},
pages = {123--146},
abstract = {The aim of this review is to discuss in greater detail the topics covered in the recent symposium entitled "Traumatic brain injury: laboratory and clinical perspectives," presented at the 2014 International Behavioral Neuroscience Society annual meeting. Herein, we review contemporary laboratory models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) including common assays for sensorimotor and cognitive behavior. New modalities to evaluate social behavior after injury to the developing brain, as well as the attentional set-shifting test (AST) as a measure of executive function in TBI, will be highlighted. Environmental enrichment (EE) will be discussed as a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation, and finally, an evidence-based approach to sports-related concussion will be considered. The review consists predominantly of published data, but some discussion of ongoing or future directions is provided. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
keywords = {8 hydroxy 2 propylaminotetralin, Aggression, Attentional set-shifting test (AST), buspirone, Closed head injury, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive function test, Concussion, conditioning, Controlled cortical impact (CCI), environmental enrichment, Environmental enrichment (EE), executive function, experimental disease, fear, Fluid percussion (FP), human, interpersonal communication, Memory, motor function test, nerve degeneration, neuropsychological test, Neurorehabilitation, nonhuman, outcome assessment, Pathophysiology, pediatrics, priority journal, rehabilitation care, Review, rodent, rotarod test, sensorimotor function, Social behavior, social disability, social interaction, spatial learning, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stone Jr., M E; Safadjou, S; Farber, B; Velazco, N; Man, J; Reddy, S H; Todor, R; Teperman, S
Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 147–151, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult
@article{StoneJr.2015,
title = {Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population},
author = {{Stone Jr.}, M E and Safadjou, S and Farber, B and Velazco, N and Man, J and Reddy, S H and Todor, R and Teperman, S},
doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000000679},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {147--151},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian trauma is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in sports injury. As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian trauma population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, patients 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I trauma center. Patients with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia; concussed patients were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed patients. Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed patients. Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia. However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian trauma population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Liu, C Y; Law, M; Romano, R
Rational approach to understanding and preventing sports-related traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1556–1557, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, ACCELEROMETRY, biological marker, brain, brain concussion, brain hemorrhage, cognitive defect, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Electroencephalography, emergency health service, Female, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, high risk patient, human, Humans, Injuries, Male, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, neuroprotective agent, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, protective equipment, Review, risk factor, risk reduction, SAFETY, skiing, Snowboarding, sport injury, Traumatic, traumatic brain injury, viscoelastic substance
@article{Liu2015,
title = {Rational approach to understanding and preventing sports-related traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Liu, C Y and Law, M and Romano, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {World Neurosurgery},
volume = {84},
number = {6},
pages = {1556--1557},
keywords = {accelerometer, ACCELEROMETRY, biological marker, brain, brain concussion, brain hemorrhage, cognitive defect, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Electroencephalography, emergency health service, Female, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, high risk patient, human, Humans, Injuries, Male, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, neuroprotective agent, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, protective equipment, Review, risk factor, risk reduction, SAFETY, skiing, Snowboarding, sport injury, Traumatic, traumatic brain injury, viscoelastic substance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
Tackling in youth football Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. e1419–e1430, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, ankle injury, athlete, Athletic Injuries, causal attribution, Child, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, disease association, football, hand injury, head and neck injury, human, Humans, Injuries, injury severity, knee injury, muscle training, Neck Injuries, Neck muscle, nonhuman, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, protective equipment, quadriplegia, Review, sport injury, standards, strategic planning
@article{Anonymous2015,
title = {Tackling in youth football},
author = {Anonymous},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2015-3282},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {136},
number = {5},
pages = {e1419--e1430},
abstract = {American football remains one of the most popular sports for young athletes. The injuries sustained during football, especially those to the head and neck, have been a topic of intense interest recently in both the public media and medical literature. The recognition of these injuries and the potential for longterm sequelae have led some physicians to call for a reduction in the number of contact practices, a postponement of tackling until a certain age, and even a ban on high school football. This statement reviews the literature regarding injuries in football, particularly those of the head and neck, the relationship between tackling and football-related injuries, and the potential effects of limiting or delaying tackling on injury risk. © 2015 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.},
keywords = {Adolescent, ankle injury, athlete, Athletic Injuries, causal attribution, Child, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, disease association, football, hand injury, head and neck injury, human, Humans, Injuries, injury severity, knee injury, muscle training, Neck Injuries, Neck muscle, nonhuman, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, protective equipment, quadriplegia, Review, sport injury, standards, strategic planning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Tan, C O; Ainslie, P N; Van Donkelaar, P; Stanwell, P; Levi, C R; Iverson, G L
Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1050–1055, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult
@article{Gardner2015bb,
title = {Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review},
author = {Gardner, A J and Tan, C O and Ainslie, P N and {Van Donkelaar}, P and Stanwell, P and Levi, C R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093901},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {1050--1055},
abstract = {Background: Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion. Review method: A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013. Data sources: Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Results: Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US. Conclusions: These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Corboy, J R
Cannabis to concussion Journal Article
In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 273, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acquired brain injury, act, athlete, brain disease, cerebrovascular accident, chronic disease, clinical practice, Concussion, football, human, medical cannabis, medically uninsured, migraine, neurologist, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, policy, priority journal, Review
@article{Corboy2015,
title = {Cannabis to concussion},
author = {Corboy, J R},
doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000167},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology: Clinical Practice},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {273},
abstract = {This issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice features thought-provoking articles on disparate topics. Gardner et al. (p. 285) tackle chronic traumatic encephalopathy, describing clinical and pathologic features in 14 self-referred symptomatic former professional football players. Harold Adams (p. 296) details the controversy surrounding treatment of patients who awaken with stroke symptoms whose time of onset cannot be established. Borsook and Dodick (p. 317) make a passionate plea to recognize the disabling nature of migraine. While it is not clear whether challenges to the Affordable Care Act will result in large numbers of Americans returning to the rolls of the uninsured, Taylor et al. (p. 302) chronicle the creation of a free neurology clinic that might serve as a model for others. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {Acquired brain injury, act, athlete, brain disease, cerebrovascular accident, chronic disease, clinical practice, Concussion, football, human, medical cannabis, medically uninsured, migraine, neurologist, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, policy, priority journal, Review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
DiFazio, M; Silverberg, N D; Kirkwood, M W; Bernier, R; Iverson, G L
Prolonged Activity Restriction after Concussion: Are We Worsening Outcomes? Journal Article
In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 443–451, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: activity restriction, Anxiety, Article, athletic trainer, brain concussion, case report, Concussion, daily life activity, depression, Dizziness, evolution, exercise, expectation, headache, human, Male, mood disorder, mTBI, nocebo effect, patient harm, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, practice guideline, prolonged activity restriction, psychological aspect, Rehabilitation, rest, school, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment outcome, wrestling
@article{DiFazio2015,
title = {Prolonged Activity Restriction after Concussion: Are We Worsening Outcomes?},
author = {DiFazio, M and Silverberg, N D and Kirkwood, M W and Bernier, R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1177/0009922815589914},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Pediatrics},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {443--451},
abstract = {The current treatment of concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is primarily based on expert consensus. Most clinical practice guidelines advise cognitive and physical rest after injury including withdrawal from normal life activities such as school attendance, sports participation, and technology use until symptoms resolve. Some individuals who sustain an mTBI experience persistent physical, cognitive, and mental health problems. Activity restriction itself may contribute to protracted recovery and other complications. Williamson's Activity Restriction Model of Depression, formulated more than 20 years ago, is central to this hypothesis. We review research evidence for potential harms of prolonged activity restriction and report an mTBI case as an example of how an "activity restriction cascade" can unfold. According to this model, psychological consequences of removal from validating life activities, combined with physical deconditioning, contribute to the development and persistence of postconcussive symptoms after mTBI in some youth. A modification to mTBI guidelines that emphasizes prompt reengagement in life activities as tolerated is encouraged. © SAGE Publications.},
keywords = {activity restriction, Anxiety, Article, athletic trainer, brain concussion, case report, Concussion, daily life activity, depression, Dizziness, evolution, exercise, expectation, headache, human, Male, mood disorder, mTBI, nocebo effect, patient harm, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, practice guideline, prolonged activity restriction, psychological aspect, Rehabilitation, rest, school, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment outcome, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan, W P; Jordaan, M; Prabhu, S P; Carew, L; Mannix, R C; Proctor, M R
Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 133–137, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult
@article{Meehan2015,
title = {Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low},
author = {Meehan, W P and Jordaan, M and Prabhu, S P and Carew, L and Mannix, R C and Proctor, M R},
doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000107},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {133--137},
abstract = {Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Marinides, Z; Galetta, K M; Andrews, C N; Wilson, J A; Herman, D C; Robinson, C D; Smith, M S; Bentley, B C; Galetta, S L; Balcer, L J; Clugston, J R
Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Balance Error Scoring System, brain concussion, clinical assessment, Female, football, human, King Devick Test, major clinical study, Male, priority journal, Soccer, sport injury, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, vision test
@article{Marinides2015,
title = {Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion},
author = {Marinides, Z and Galetta, K M and Andrews, C N and Wilson, J A and Herman, D C and Robinson, C D and Smith, M S and Bentley, B C and Galetta, S L and Balcer, L J and Clugston, J R},
doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000060},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology: Clinical Practice},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {25--34},
abstract = {We examined the King-Devick (K-D) test, a vision-based test of rapid number naming, as a complement to components of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT3) for diagnosis of concussion. Baseline and postconcussion data for the University of Florida men's football, women's soccer, and women's lacrosse teams were collected, including the K-D test, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Among 30 athletes with first concussion during their athletic season (n 5 217 total), differences from baseline to postinjury showed worsening of K-D time scores in 79%, while SAC showed a ≥2- point worsening in 52%. Combining K-D and SAC captured abnormalities in 89%; adding the BESS identified 100% of concussions. Adding a vision-based test may enhance the detection of athletes with concussion. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Balance Error Scoring System, brain concussion, clinical assessment, Female, football, human, King Devick Test, major clinical study, Male, priority journal, Soccer, sport injury, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, vision test},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rapp, P E; Keyser, D O; Albano, A; Hernandez, R; Gibson, D B; Zambon, R A; David Hairston, W; Hughes, J D; Krystal, A; Nichols, A S
Traumatic brain injury detection using electrophysiological methods Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. FEB, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, brain electrophysiology, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, connectome, diagnostic accuracy, EEG, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, evidence based medicine, executive function, human, intermethod comparison, latent period, neuroimaging, neuropathology, Non-linear dynamical analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, QEEG, Signal Processing, traumatic brain injury
@article{Rapp2015,
title = {Traumatic brain injury detection using electrophysiological methods},
author = {Rapp, P E and Keyser, D O and Albano, A and Hernandez, R and Gibson, D B and Zambon, R A and {David Hairston}, W and Hughes, J D and Krystal, A and Nichols, A S},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2015.00011},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {9},
number = {FEB},
abstract = {Measuring neuronal activity with electrophysiological methods may be useful in detecting neurological dysfunctions, such as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).This approach may be particularly valuable for rapid detection in at-risk populations including military service members and athletes. Electrophysiological methods, such as quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and recording event-related potentials (ERPs) may be promising; however, the field is nascent and significant controversy exists on the efficacy and accuracy of the approaches as diagnostic tools. For example, the specific measures derived from an electroencephalogram (EEG) that are most suitable as markers of dysfunction have not been clearly established. A study was conducted to summarize and evaluate the statistical rigor of evidence on the overall utility of qEEG as an mTBI detection tool. The analysis evaluated qEEG measures/parameters that may be most suitable as fieldable diagnostic tools, identified other types of EEG measures and analysis methods of promise, recommended specific measures and analysis methods for further development as mTBI detection tools, identified research gaps in the field, and recommended future research and development thrust areas. The qEEG study group formed the following conclusions: (1) Individual qEEG measures provide limited diagnostic utility for mTBI. However, many measures can be important features of qEEG discriminant functions, which do show significant promise as mTBI detection tools. (2) ERPs offer utility in mTBI detection. In fact, evidence indicates that ERPs can identify abnormalities in cases where EEGs alone are non-disclosing. (3)The standard mathematical procedures used in the characterization of mTBI EEGs should be expanded to incorporate newer methods of analysis including non-linear dynamical analysis, complexity measures, analysis of causal interactions, graph theory, and information dynamics. (4) Reports of high specificity in qEEG evaluations of TBI must be interpreted with care. High specificities have been reported in carefully constructed clinical studies in which healthy controls were compared against a carefully selected TBI population. The published literature indicates, however, that similar abnormalities in qEEG measures are observed in other neuropsychiatric disorders. While it may be possible to distinguish a clinical patient from a healthy control participant with this technology, these measures are unlikely to discriminate between, for example, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or TBI. The specificities observed in these clinical studies may well be lost in real world clinical practice. (5)The absence of specificity does not preclude clinical utility. The possibility of use as a longitudinal measure of treatment response remains. However, efficacy as a longitudinal clinical measure does require acceptable test-retest reliability. To date, very few test-retest reliability studies have been published with qEEG data obtained from TBI patients or from healthy controls. This is a particular concern because high variability is a known characteristic of the injured central nervous system. © 2015 Rapp, Keyser , Albano, Hernandez, Gibson, Zambon, Hairston, Hughes, Krystal and Nichols.},
keywords = {Article, brain electrophysiology, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, connectome, diagnostic accuracy, EEG, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, evidence based medicine, executive function, human, intermethod comparison, latent period, neuroimaging, neuropathology, Non-linear dynamical analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, QEEG, Signal Processing, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J
The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview
@article{Sharma2015,
title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},
author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {1--6},
abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Davis, G A; Thurairatnam, S; Feleggakis, P; Anderson, V; Bressan, S; Babl, F E
HeadCheck: A concussion app Journal Article
In: Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 830–831, 2015.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, algorithm, Athletic Injuries, Australia, brain concussion, checklist, Child, child health care, consensus development, human, Humans, mobile application, Mobile Applications, mobile phone, practice guideline, priority journal, Review, smartphone, sport injury, validation process
@article{Davis2015ab,
title = {HeadCheck: A concussion app},
author = {Davis, G A and Thurairatnam, S and Feleggakis, P and Anderson, V and Bressan, S and Babl, F E},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.12879},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Paediatrics \& Child Health},
volume = {51},
number = {8},
pages = {830--831},
keywords = {Adolescent, algorithm, Athletic Injuries, Australia, brain concussion, checklist, Child, child health care, consensus development, human, Humans, mobile application, Mobile Applications, mobile phone, practice guideline, priority journal, Review, smartphone, sport injury, validation process},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J
In: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 375, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014,
title = {Correspondence regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy following repetitive concussion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68: 709-35},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897451593\&partnerID=40\&md5=f463487f44a2ebf124b57a70320560a8},
doi = {10.1097/NEN.0000000000000057},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {375},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stein, T D; Alvarez, V E; McKee, A C
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A spectrum of neuropathological changes following repetitive brain trauma in athletes and military personnel Journal Article
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 1, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Alzheimer disease, amnesia, army, astrocyte, athlete, behavior change, brain atrophy, brain stem, brain weight, central sulcus, chronic disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy TAR DNA binding p, cognitive defect, comorbidity, Dementia, depression, diencephalon, diffuse Lewy body disease, exposure, frontotemporal dementia, human, impulsiveness, irritability, Motor neuron disease, nerve fiber, neurite, neurofibrillary tangle, neuropathology, nonhuman, personality disorder, priority journal, Review, short term memory, soldier, staging, suicidal ideation, tau protein, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, veteran
@article{Stein2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A spectrum of neuropathological changes following repetitive brain trauma in athletes and military personnel},
author = {Stein, T D and Alvarez, V E and McKee, A C},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892718392\&partnerID=40\&md5=c39a0e58ad33cee7a570b4681131d6ea},
doi = {10.1186/alzrt234},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs in association with repetitive traumatic brain injury experienced in sport and military service. In most instances, the clinical symptoms of the disease begin after a long period of latency ranging from several years to several decades. The initial symptoms are typically insidious, consisting of irritability, impulsivity, aggression, depression, short-term memory loss and heightened suicidality. The symptoms progress slowly over decades to include cognitive deficits and dementia. The pathology of CTE is characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein in neurons and astrocytes in a pattern that is unique from other tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. The hyperphosphorylated tau abnormalities begin focally, as perivascular neurofibrillary tangles and neurites at the depths of the cerebral sulci, and then spread to involve superficial layers of adjacent cortex before becoming a widespread degeneration affecting medial temporal lobe structures, diencephalon and brainstem. Most instances of CTE (\>85% of cases) show abnormal accumulations of phosphorylated 43 kDa TAR DNA binding protein that are partially colocalized with phosphorylated tau protein. As CTE is characterized pathologically by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy, by abnormal deposits of phosphorylated tau and by 43 kDa TAR DNA binding protein and is associated clinically with behavioral and personality changes, as well as cognitive impairments, CTE is increasingly categorized as an acquired frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Currently, some of the greatest challenges are that CTE cannot be diagnosed during life and the incidence and prevalence of the disorder remain uncertain. Furthermore, the contribution of age, gender, genetics, stress, alcohol and substance abuse to the development of CTE remains to be determined. © 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Aggression, Alzheimer disease, amnesia, army, astrocyte, athlete, behavior change, brain atrophy, brain stem, brain weight, central sulcus, chronic disease, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy TAR DNA binding p, cognitive defect, comorbidity, Dementia, depression, diencephalon, diffuse Lewy body disease, exposure, frontotemporal dementia, human, impulsiveness, irritability, Motor neuron disease, nerve fiber, neurite, neurofibrillary tangle, neuropathology, nonhuman, personality disorder, priority journal, Review, short term memory, soldier, staging, suicidal ideation, tau protein, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, veteran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Baugh, C M; Robbins, C A; Stern, R A; McKee, A C
Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Current Treatment Options in Neurology, vol. 16, no. 9, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, attention disturbance, axonal injury, biological marker, Biomarker, Brain trauma, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy APOE, clinical feature, concentration loss, Concussion, degenerative disease, football, genetic risk, headache, human, in vivo study, injury severity, lifestyle, neuropathology, risk factor, Tau, traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
@article{Baugh2014,
title = {Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Baugh, C M and Robbins, C A and Stern, R A and McKee, A C},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905669544\&partnerID=40\&md5=b7b1e2fe8132cad56800bf4102896b64},
doi = {10.1007/s11940-014-0306-5},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Current Treatment Options in Neurology},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
keywords = {Article, attention disturbance, axonal injury, biological marker, Biomarker, Brain trauma, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy APOE, clinical feature, concentration loss, Concussion, degenerative disease, football, genetic risk, headache, human, in vivo study, injury severity, lifestyle, neuropathology, risk factor, Tau, traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iverson, Grant L; Gerrard, Paul B; Atkins, Joseph E; Zafonte, Ross; Berkner, Paul D
Concussion histories in high school girls are similar across sports Journal Article
In: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, pp. a92–3, 2014, ISBN: 0894-9115.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology, Cross Sectional Studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, human, Maine, Patient History Taking, Retrospective Design, Schools, Secondary, Sports
@article{Iverson2014a,
title = {Concussion histories in high school girls are similar across sports},
author = {Iverson, Grant L and Gerrard, Paul B and Atkins, Joseph E and Zafonte, Ross and Berkner, Paul D},
isbn = {0894-9115},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation},
pages = {a92--3},
abstract = {Objectives: Relatively little is known about concussions in adolescent girls. This study describes self-reported concussion histories in adolescent girls stratified by sports. Design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, survey study. Participants were 2,312 adolescent girls from Maine (Mean age=15.7},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology, Cross Sectional Studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, human, Maine, Patient History Taking, Retrospective Design, Schools, Secondary, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ling, H; Kara, E; Revesz, T; Lees, A J; Plant, G T; Martino, D; Houlden, H; Hardy, J; Holton, J L
Concomitant progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a boxer Journal Article
In: Acta neuropathologica communications, vol. 2, pp. 24, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aged, Brain Injury, case report, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy GRN protein, complication, genetics, huma, human, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, LRRK2 protein, Male, MAPT protein, pathology, Progressive, progressive supranuclear palsy, protein serine threonine kinase, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, signal peptide, Supranuclear Palsy, tau protein, tau Proteins
@article{Ling2014,
title = {Concomitant progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a boxer},
author = {Ling, H and Kara, E and Revesz, T and Lees, A J and Plant, G T and Martino, D and Houlden, H and Hardy, J and Holton, J L},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921282712\&partnerID=40\&md5=ff0c2f58ec97372861b423eb0aa0d6c0},
doi = {10.1186/2051-5960-2-24},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Acta neuropathologica communications},
volume = {2},
pages = {24},
abstract = {We report the case of a 75-year-old ex-professional boxer who developed diplopia and eye movement abnormalities in his 60's followed by memory impairment, low mood and recurrent falls. Examination shortly before death revealed hypomimia, dysarthria, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and impaired postural reflexes. Pathological examination demonstrated 4-repeat tau neuronal and glial lesions, including tufted astrocytes, consistent with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles composed of mixed 3-repeat and 4-repeat tau and astrocytic tangles in a distribution highly suggestive of chronic traumatic encephalopathy were observed together with limbic TDP-43 pathology. Possible mechanisms for the co-occurrence of these two tau pathologies are discussed.},
keywords = {aged, Brain Injury, case report, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy GRN protein, complication, genetics, huma, human, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, LRRK2 protein, Male, MAPT protein, pathology, Progressive, progressive supranuclear palsy, protein serine threonine kinase, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, signal peptide, Supranuclear Palsy, tau protein, tau Proteins},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Solomon, G S; Sills, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the availability cascade Journal Article
In: The Physician and sportsmedicine, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 26–31, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 20th Century, Athletic Injuries, Bias (Epidemiology), brain, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy autopsy, HISTORY, human, Humans, pathology, public opinion, sport injury, statistical bias
@article{Solomon2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the availability cascade},
author = {Solomon, G S and Sills, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922393457\&partnerID=40\&md5=d0415bdf57d1e5162b2dec50aadd55fc},
doi = {10.3810/psm.2014.09.2072},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {The Physician and sportsmedicine},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {26--31},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in sports has been known for \> 85 years, and has experienced a resurgence of interest over the past decade, both in the media and in the scientific community. However, there appears to be a disconnection between the public's perception of CTE and the currently available scientific data. The cognitive bias known as the "availability cascade" has been suggested as a reason to explain this rift in knowledge. This review summarizes and updates the history of CTE in sports, discusses recent epidemiological and autopsy studies, summarizes the evidence base related to CTE in sports, and offers recommendations for future directions.},
keywords = {20th Century, Athletic Injuries, Bias (Epidemiology), brain, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy autopsy, HISTORY, human, Humans, pathology, public opinion, sport injury, statistical bias},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J; Moines, D; Montenigro, P H; Stern, R A
Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 83, no. 21, pp. 1991–1993, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy alcohol abuse, clinical feature, Cognition Disorders, cognitive defect, etiology, human, Humans, Male, mood, Note, priority journal, prisoner of war, psychosis, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014a,
title = {Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J and Moines, D and Montenigro, P H and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922482119\&partnerID=40\&md5=57625e87083b405a16dda4c0a62ac42e},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {83},
number = {21},
pages = {1991--1993},
keywords = {behavior, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy alcohol abuse, clinical feature, Cognition Disorders, cognitive defect, etiology, human, Humans, Male, mood, Note, priority journal, prisoner of war, psychosis, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Levin, B; Bhardwaj, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal Journal Article
In: Neurocritical Care, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 334–344, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence
@article{Levin2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal},
author = {Levin, B and Bhardwaj, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896549537\&partnerID=40\&md5=138104db42f7ca99527a78bb9c821f59},
doi = {10.1007/s12028-013-9931-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurocritical Care},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {334--344},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) formerly known as dementia pugilistica is a long-term neurodegenerative disorder associated with repeated subconcussive head injuries in high-contact sports. We reviewed the existing literature on CTE and examined epidemiological trends, risk factors, and its temporal progression, and proposed the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may provide unique insights to clinicians with an in-depth understanding of the disease to aid in the diagnosis and prevention, and provide future perspectives for research via search of Medline and Cochrane databases as well as manual review of bibliographies from selected articles and monographs. The prevalence of CTE in recent years is on the rise and almost exclusively affects men, with pathologic signs characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral changes, and violent tendencies with some patients demonstrating Parkinsonian-like symptoms and signs. Many patients with CTE die following suicide, accident, or complications of drug or alcohol use. Postmortem pathologic analysis is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and A$beta$ plaques in 50 % of cases. Currently, there are no ante-mortem diagnostic criteria, but modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tension imaging hold promise for delineating the future diagnostic criteria. Further long-term longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate risk factors that will enhance understanding of the disease progression and its pathogenesis. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.},
keywords = {accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mitsis, E M; Riggio, S; Kostakoglu, L; Dickstein, D L; Machac, J; Delman, B; Goldstein, M; Jennings, D; D'Antonio, E; Martin, J; Naidich, T P; Aloysi, A; Fernandez, C; Seibyl, J; DeKosky, S T; Elder, G A; Marek, K; Gordon, W; Hof, P R; Sano, M; Gandy, S
In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Mitsis2014,
title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},
author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},
doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
volume = {4},
number = {9},
abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},
keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gandy, S; Ikonomovic, M D; Mitsis, E; Elder, G; Ahlers, S T; Barth, J; Stone, J R; Dekosky, S T
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis Journal Article
In: Molecular Neurodegeneration, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory
@article{Gandy2014a,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis},
author = {Gandy, S and Ikonomovic, M D and Mitsis, E and Elder, G and Ahlers, S T and Barth, J and Stone, J R and Dekosky, S T},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907464163\&partnerID=40\&md5=109c916e926417c11bab99fd7b44065c},
doi = {10.1186/1750-1326-9-37},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Molecular Neurodegeneration},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
abstract = {Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a recently revived term used to describe a neurodegenerative process that occurs as a long term complication of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Corsellis provided one of the classic descriptions of CTE in boxers under the name "dementia pugilistica" (DP). Much recent attention has been drawn to the apparent association of CTE with contact sports (football, soccer, hockey) and with frequent battlefield exposure to blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Recently, a promising serum biomarker has been identified by measurement of serum levels of the neuronal microtubule associated protein tau. New positron emission tomography (PET) ligands (e.g., [18F] T807) that identify brain tauopathy have been successfully deployed for the in vitro and in vivo detection of presumptive tauopathy in the brains of subjects with clinically probable CTE. Methods. Major academic and lay publications on DP/CTE were reviewed beginning with the 1928 paper describing the initial use of the term CTE by Martland. Results: The major current concepts in the neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and body fluid biomarker science of DP/CTE have been summarized. Newer achievements, such as serum tau and [18F] T807 tauopathy imaging, are also introduced and their significance has been explained. Conclusion: Recent advances in the science of DP/CTE hold promise for elucidating a long sought accurate determination of the true prevalence of CTE. This information holds potentially important public health implications for estimating the risk of contact sports in inflicting permanent and/or progressive brain damage on children, adolescents, and adults. © 2014Gandy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gandy, S; DeKosky, S T
[18F]-T807 tauopathy PET imaging in chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article
In: F1000Research, vol. 3, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aging, Article, athlete, brain region, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy radiopharmaceutic, comorbidity, cumulative trauma disorder, diagnostic value, disease association, disease severity, human, image analysis, ligand binding, neurofibrillary tangle, positron emission tomography, progressive supranuclear palsy, t 807 f 18, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, unclassified drug, veteran
@article{Gandy2014,
title = {[18F]-T807 tauopathy PET imaging in chronic traumatic encephalopathy},
author = {Gandy, S and DeKosky, S T},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84923165667\&partnerID=40\&md5=90ae38a9d3536705acb61b5e1fbbc81a},
doi = {10.12688/f1000research.5372.1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {3},
abstract = {A new molecular ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) of the human brain, [18F]-T807, is under investigation for the antemortem detection of pathological neurofibrillary aggregates, which are evidence of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) diseases, also known as tauopathies. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries in athletes and battlefield veterans are associated with one such tauopathy, known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In a recent case report, a former NFL player with clinically probable CTE and a concurrent Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) -like syndrome was studied using [18F]-T807. The interpretation of this player's [18F]-T807 PET imaging was complicated by the overlap of tracer uptake in brain regions involved in CTE and PSP with regions associated with either nonspecific [18F]-T807 ligand binding or "aging-associated" binding of [18F]-T807 to authentic tauopathy known to be associated with aging and disease severity (i.e., NFT in the mesial temporal lobe). The implications of these data for the utility of [18F]-T807 in the pre-mortem detection of CTE are summarized. © 2014 Gandy S and DeKosky ST.},
keywords = {aging, Article, athlete, brain region, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy radiopharmaceutic, comorbidity, cumulative trauma disorder, diagnostic value, disease association, disease severity, human, image analysis, ligand binding, neurofibrillary tangle, positron emission tomography, progressive supranuclear palsy, t 807 f 18, tauopathy, temporal lobe, traumatic brain injury, unclassified drug, veteran},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buzas, David; Jacobson, Nathan A; Morawa, Lawrence G
Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012 Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–8, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent Health, Age Factors, Athletic Injuries -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy an, Baseball, BASKETBALL, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy and, Child, Child Health, Data Analysis Software, descriptive research, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Disease Surveillance, emergency care, Epidemiological Research, Female, football, Gymnastics, Hockey, human, Male, MICHIGAN, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports, Soccer, unconsciousness, UNITED States, wrestling
@article{Buzas2014,
title = {Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012},
author = {Buzas, David and Jacobson, Nathan A and Morawa, Lawrence G},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114528460},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
pages = {1--8},
publisher = {Sage Publications Inc.},
address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent Health, Age Factors, Athletic Injuries -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy an, Baseball, BASKETBALL, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy and, Child, Child Health, Data Analysis Software, descriptive research, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Disease Surveillance, emergency care, Epidemiological Research, Female, football, Gymnastics, Hockey, human, Male, MICHIGAN, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports, Soccer, unconsciousness, UNITED States, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling
@article{Montenigro2014,
title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},
author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {5-8},
abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antonius, D; Mathew, N; Picano, J; Hinds, A; Cogswell, A; Olympia, J; Brooks, T; Di Giacomo, M; Baker, J; Willer, B; Leddy, J
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 313–322, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury
@article{Antonius2014,
title = {Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research},
author = {Antonius, D and Mathew, N and Picano, J and Hinds, A and Cogswell, A and Olympia, J and Brooks, T and {Di Giacomo}, M and Baker, J and Willer, B and Leddy, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920996232\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb8a1deab38101900f8d7a8ac0b7a80c},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {313--322},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies on CTE, combined with a lack of research-accepted diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals who are considered at risk for CTE, makes it difficult to reliably establish a causal relationship between CTE and the onset of behavioral health problems. Selection and reporting bias and inconsistency in data collection methods are other concerns. To advance the field, there is a critical need for more empirical research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE. Recommendations and intervention models are also discussed. © 2014 American Psychiatric Association.},
keywords = {Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}