Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, Z Y; Mihalik, J P; Guskiewicz, K M; Rosamond, W D; Evenson, K R; Marshall, S W
Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 606–613, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, comparative study, concurrent validity, Concussion, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Female, human, Humans, injury, interpersonal communication, medical record, MEDICAL records, Mental Recall, psychology, recall, self report, sex difference, Sex Factors, traumatic brain injury, Truth Disclosure, Universities, university
@article{Kerr2015,
title = {Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes},
author = {Kerr, Z Y and Mihalik, J P and Guskiewicz, K M and Rosamond, W D and Evenson, K R and Marshall, S W},
doi = {10.1177/0363546514562180},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {606--613},
abstract = {Background: Athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories have been used in research on former athletes, but both have limitations. Comparisons of these 2 types of concussion histories are needed to improve the accuracy of estimates of concussion history for future research and clinical care. Purpose: To estimate the agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories during college and to explore reasons for differences. Study: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athlete-recalled concussion histories were provided by a convenience sample of 130 former collegiate athletes using an online questionnaire, and they were individually linked to previously collected clinical data that tracked medically diagnosed concussions at the host institution from 1996 to 2012. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to assess agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for disagreement. Results: Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories was low (ICC2},
keywords = {adult, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, comparative study, concurrent validity, Concussion, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Female, human, Humans, injury, interpersonal communication, medical record, MEDICAL records, Mental Recall, psychology, recall, self report, sex difference, Sex Factors, traumatic brain injury, Truth Disclosure, Universities, university},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M
Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome
@article{Alexander2015,
title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},
author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1113--1125},
abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lawrence, D W; Comper, P; Hutchison, M G; Sharma, B
The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1018–1031, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 80 and over, aged, allele, Alleles, Alzheimer disease, amyloid beta protein, APOE, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E4, Article, athlete, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical evaluation, cognition, cognitive defect, disease severity, Female, follow up, genetic association, genetic risk, genetics, GENOTYPE, Glasgow Outcome Scale, heterozygote, histopathology, homozygote, human, Humans, Incidence, injury severity, Male, Memory, nerve cell necrosis, neuropathology, Neuroprotection, outcome assessment, pediatrics, Prevalence, Prognosis, prognostic assessment, protein function, psychologic test, psychology, Recovery, scoring system, Systematic Review, tau protein, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome, very elderly, Wechsler Intelligence Scale
@article{Lawrence2015,
title = {The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review},
author = {Lawrence, D W and Comper, P and Hutchison, M G and Sharma, B},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1005131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1018--1031},
abstract = {Background: The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has emerged as a candidate for prognosticating traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery, with APOE$epsilon$4 identified as a susceptibility marker for poor outcome, despite large discrepancy in its reported influence post-TBI.Methods: A systematic review was conducted, including all primary articles investigating the role of APOE$epsilon$4 on TBI outcome. A total of 65 studies were included, including 24 predominantly investigating mild (mTBI), seven moderate (modTBI) and 33 severe (sTBI); severity was not reported in one study.Results: In mTBI studies, the association between APOE$epsilon$4 and post-TBI outcome was concluded as non-contributory in 14 studies (58.3%), hazardous in nine (37.5%) and protective in one (4.2%). In sTBI studies, the role of APOE$epsilon$4 was hazardous in 21 (63.6%), non-contributory in nine (27.3%) and protective in three (9.1%). Of the seven studies investigating dementia outcomes, four observed a hazardous association with APOE$epsilon$4, while three reported no association. Six studies examined Alzheimers dementia pathology, of which three reported a hazardous influence of APOE$epsilon$4.Conclusions: The influence of APOE$epsilon$4 on neuropsychological testing, functional outcome and in paediatric populations was incongruous. This review supports the majority of research indicating APOE$epsilon$4 adversely influences recovery following TBI, particularly with respect to dementia-related outcomes and outcomes following sTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {80 and over, aged, allele, Alleles, Alzheimer disease, amyloid beta protein, APOE, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E4, Article, athlete, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical evaluation, cognition, cognitive defect, disease severity, Female, follow up, genetic association, genetic risk, genetics, GENOTYPE, Glasgow Outcome Scale, heterozygote, histopathology, homozygote, human, Humans, Incidence, injury severity, Male, Memory, nerve cell necrosis, neuropathology, Neuroprotection, outcome assessment, pediatrics, Prevalence, Prognosis, prognostic assessment, protein function, psychologic test, psychology, Recovery, scoring system, Systematic Review, tau protein, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome, very elderly, Wechsler Intelligence Scale},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jenkins, C M
Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier Journal Article
In: Journal of Special Operations Medicine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 24–27, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Military Personnel, *Self-Control, Biofeedback, headache, Humans, Post-traumatic headache, psychology
@article{Jenkins2012,
title = {Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier},
author = {Jenkins, C M},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Special Operations Medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {24--27},
abstract = {Biofeedback assisted self-regulation training can be an effective treatment for post-concussion headaches. The following is an example of using biofeedback assisted self-regulation training as an intervention to treat posttrauma headaches in a Special Operations Forces (SOF) support soldier. This Soldier was a 23-year-old male who had suffered a concussion while off duty four months earlier and continued to experience headache. Threemodality biofeedback (temperature, surface electromyogram and skin conduction) was used to help the patient learn to self-regulate and control his headaches. This was accomplished over four visits over two weeks. This was a compressed timeline to allow him to deploy with his unit. This form of treatment can be a viable nonmedication based option for addressing post concussion headaches for deploying Soldiers. Copyright 2012.},
keywords = {*Military Personnel, *Self-Control, Biofeedback, headache, Humans, Post-traumatic headache, psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barr, William B
Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research Journal Article
In: NYS Psychologist, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 24–29, 2007, ISBN: 1048-6925.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2007, brain concussion, disorder recovery, mild traumatic brain injury, psychology, Recovery (Disorders), Sports, sports concussion, traumatic brain injury
@article{Barr2007,
title = {Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research},
author = {Barr, William B},
isbn = {1048-6925},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {NYS Psychologist},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {24--29},
publisher = {New York State Psychological Assn},
address = {US},
abstract = {Research on sports concussion has contributed significantly to our knowledge on the characteristics and course of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Findings from research studies on injured athletes indicate that most symptoms of concussion resolve within 7-10 days of the injury. Results from studies examining the development of more persistent symptoms have found relationships with a number of psychological factors, including expectation and maladaptive coping styles. Systematic reviews of intervention strategies have indicated that psychological approaches to treatment of MTBI, such as early education and support, are more effective than any form of drug treatment. Psychologists should be aware of these findings and the potential for playing a significant role in treating individuals with MTBI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2007, brain concussion, disorder recovery, mild traumatic brain injury, psychology, Recovery (Disorders), Sports, sports concussion, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, Z Y; Mihalik, J P; Guskiewicz, K M; Rosamond, W D; Evenson, K R; Marshall, S W
Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 606–613, 2015.
@article{Kerr2015,
title = {Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes},
author = {Kerr, Z Y and Mihalik, J P and Guskiewicz, K M and Rosamond, W D and Evenson, K R and Marshall, S W},
doi = {10.1177/0363546514562180},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {606--613},
abstract = {Background: Athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories have been used in research on former athletes, but both have limitations. Comparisons of these 2 types of concussion histories are needed to improve the accuracy of estimates of concussion history for future research and clinical care. Purpose: To estimate the agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories during college and to explore reasons for differences. Study: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athlete-recalled concussion histories were provided by a convenience sample of 130 former collegiate athletes using an online questionnaire, and they were individually linked to previously collected clinical data that tracked medically diagnosed concussions at the host institution from 1996 to 2012. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to assess agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for disagreement. Results: Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories was low (ICC2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M
Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.
@article{Alexander2015,
title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},
author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1113--1125},
abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lawrence, D W; Comper, P; Hutchison, M G; Sharma, B
The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1018–1031, 2015.
@article{Lawrence2015,
title = {The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review},
author = {Lawrence, D W and Comper, P and Hutchison, M G and Sharma, B},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1005131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1018--1031},
abstract = {Background: The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has emerged as a candidate for prognosticating traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery, with APOE$epsilon$4 identified as a susceptibility marker for poor outcome, despite large discrepancy in its reported influence post-TBI.Methods: A systematic review was conducted, including all primary articles investigating the role of APOE$epsilon$4 on TBI outcome. A total of 65 studies were included, including 24 predominantly investigating mild (mTBI), seven moderate (modTBI) and 33 severe (sTBI); severity was not reported in one study.Results: In mTBI studies, the association between APOE$epsilon$4 and post-TBI outcome was concluded as non-contributory in 14 studies (58.3%), hazardous in nine (37.5%) and protective in one (4.2%). In sTBI studies, the role of APOE$epsilon$4 was hazardous in 21 (63.6%), non-contributory in nine (27.3%) and protective in three (9.1%). Of the seven studies investigating dementia outcomes, four observed a hazardous association with APOE$epsilon$4, while three reported no association. Six studies examined Alzheimers dementia pathology, of which three reported a hazardous influence of APOE$epsilon$4.Conclusions: The influence of APOE$epsilon$4 on neuropsychological testing, functional outcome and in paediatric populations was incongruous. This review supports the majority of research indicating APOE$epsilon$4 adversely influences recovery following TBI, particularly with respect to dementia-related outcomes and outcomes following sTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jenkins, C M
Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier Journal Article
In: Journal of Special Operations Medicine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 24–27, 2012.
@article{Jenkins2012,
title = {Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier},
author = {Jenkins, C M},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Special Operations Medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {24--27},
abstract = {Biofeedback assisted self-regulation training can be an effective treatment for post-concussion headaches. The following is an example of using biofeedback assisted self-regulation training as an intervention to treat posttrauma headaches in a Special Operations Forces (SOF) support soldier. This Soldier was a 23-year-old male who had suffered a concussion while off duty four months earlier and continued to experience headache. Threemodality biofeedback (temperature, surface electromyogram and skin conduction) was used to help the patient learn to self-regulate and control his headaches. This was accomplished over four visits over two weeks. This was a compressed timeline to allow him to deploy with his unit. This form of treatment can be a viable nonmedication based option for addressing post concussion headaches for deploying Soldiers. Copyright 2012.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barr, William B
Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research Journal Article
In: NYS Psychologist, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 24–29, 2007, ISBN: 1048-6925.
@article{Barr2007,
title = {Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research},
author = {Barr, William B},
isbn = {1048-6925},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {NYS Psychologist},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {24--29},
publisher = {New York State Psychological Assn},
address = {US},
abstract = {Research on sports concussion has contributed significantly to our knowledge on the characteristics and course of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Findings from research studies on injured athletes indicate that most symptoms of concussion resolve within 7-10 days of the injury. Results from studies examining the development of more persistent symptoms have found relationships with a number of psychological factors, including expectation and maladaptive coping styles. Systematic reviews of intervention strategies have indicated that psychological approaches to treatment of MTBI, such as early education and support, are more effective than any form of drug treatment. Psychologists should be aware of these findings and the potential for playing a significant role in treating individuals with MTBI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, Z Y; Mihalik, J P; Guskiewicz, K M; Rosamond, W D; Evenson, K R; Marshall, S W
Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 606–613, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, comparative study, concurrent validity, Concussion, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Female, human, Humans, injury, interpersonal communication, medical record, MEDICAL records, Mental Recall, psychology, recall, self report, sex difference, Sex Factors, traumatic brain injury, Truth Disclosure, Universities, university
@article{Kerr2015,
title = {Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes},
author = {Kerr, Z Y and Mihalik, J P and Guskiewicz, K M and Rosamond, W D and Evenson, K R and Marshall, S W},
doi = {10.1177/0363546514562180},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {606--613},
abstract = {Background: Athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories have been used in research on former athletes, but both have limitations. Comparisons of these 2 types of concussion histories are needed to improve the accuracy of estimates of concussion history for future research and clinical care. Purpose: To estimate the agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories during college and to explore reasons for differences. Study: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athlete-recalled concussion histories were provided by a convenience sample of 130 former collegiate athletes using an online questionnaire, and they were individually linked to previously collected clinical data that tracked medically diagnosed concussions at the host institution from 1996 to 2012. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to assess agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for disagreement. Results: Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories was low (ICC2},
keywords = {adult, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, comparative study, concurrent validity, Concussion, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Female, human, Humans, injury, interpersonal communication, medical record, MEDICAL records, Mental Recall, psychology, recall, self report, sex difference, Sex Factors, traumatic brain injury, Truth Disclosure, Universities, university},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M
Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome
@article{Alexander2015,
title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},
author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1113--1125},
abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lawrence, D W; Comper, P; Hutchison, M G; Sharma, B
The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1018–1031, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 80 and over, aged, allele, Alleles, Alzheimer disease, amyloid beta protein, APOE, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E4, Article, athlete, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical evaluation, cognition, cognitive defect, disease severity, Female, follow up, genetic association, genetic risk, genetics, GENOTYPE, Glasgow Outcome Scale, heterozygote, histopathology, homozygote, human, Humans, Incidence, injury severity, Male, Memory, nerve cell necrosis, neuropathology, Neuroprotection, outcome assessment, pediatrics, Prevalence, Prognosis, prognostic assessment, protein function, psychologic test, psychology, Recovery, scoring system, Systematic Review, tau protein, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome, very elderly, Wechsler Intelligence Scale
@article{Lawrence2015,
title = {The role of apolipoprotein E episilon ($epsilon$)-4 allele on outcome following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review},
author = {Lawrence, D W and Comper, P and Hutchison, M G and Sharma, B},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1005131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1018--1031},
abstract = {Background: The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) has emerged as a candidate for prognosticating traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery, with APOE$epsilon$4 identified as a susceptibility marker for poor outcome, despite large discrepancy in its reported influence post-TBI.Methods: A systematic review was conducted, including all primary articles investigating the role of APOE$epsilon$4 on TBI outcome. A total of 65 studies were included, including 24 predominantly investigating mild (mTBI), seven moderate (modTBI) and 33 severe (sTBI); severity was not reported in one study.Results: In mTBI studies, the association between APOE$epsilon$4 and post-TBI outcome was concluded as non-contributory in 14 studies (58.3%), hazardous in nine (37.5%) and protective in one (4.2%). In sTBI studies, the role of APOE$epsilon$4 was hazardous in 21 (63.6%), non-contributory in nine (27.3%) and protective in three (9.1%). Of the seven studies investigating dementia outcomes, four observed a hazardous association with APOE$epsilon$4, while three reported no association. Six studies examined Alzheimers dementia pathology, of which three reported a hazardous influence of APOE$epsilon$4.Conclusions: The influence of APOE$epsilon$4 on neuropsychological testing, functional outcome and in paediatric populations was incongruous. This review supports the majority of research indicating APOE$epsilon$4 adversely influences recovery following TBI, particularly with respect to dementia-related outcomes and outcomes following sTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {80 and over, aged, allele, Alleles, Alzheimer disease, amyloid beta protein, APOE, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E4, Article, athlete, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical evaluation, cognition, cognitive defect, disease severity, Female, follow up, genetic association, genetic risk, genetics, GENOTYPE, Glasgow Outcome Scale, heterozygote, histopathology, homozygote, human, Humans, Incidence, injury severity, Male, Memory, nerve cell necrosis, neuropathology, Neuroprotection, outcome assessment, pediatrics, Prevalence, Prognosis, prognostic assessment, protein function, psychologic test, psychology, Recovery, scoring system, Systematic Review, tau protein, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome, very elderly, Wechsler Intelligence Scale},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jenkins, C M
Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier Journal Article
In: Journal of Special Operations Medicine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 24–27, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Military Personnel, *Self-Control, Biofeedback, headache, Humans, Post-traumatic headache, psychology
@article{Jenkins2012,
title = {Biofeedback self-regulation training to treat post-concussion headache in a special operations support soldier},
author = {Jenkins, C M},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Special Operations Medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {24--27},
abstract = {Biofeedback assisted self-regulation training can be an effective treatment for post-concussion headaches. The following is an example of using biofeedback assisted self-regulation training as an intervention to treat posttrauma headaches in a Special Operations Forces (SOF) support soldier. This Soldier was a 23-year-old male who had suffered a concussion while off duty four months earlier and continued to experience headache. Threemodality biofeedback (temperature, surface electromyogram and skin conduction) was used to help the patient learn to self-regulate and control his headaches. This was accomplished over four visits over two weeks. This was a compressed timeline to allow him to deploy with his unit. This form of treatment can be a viable nonmedication based option for addressing post concussion headaches for deploying Soldiers. Copyright 2012.},
keywords = {*Military Personnel, *Self-Control, Biofeedback, headache, Humans, Post-traumatic headache, psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Barr, William B
Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research Journal Article
In: NYS Psychologist, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 24–29, 2007, ISBN: 1048-6925.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2007, brain concussion, disorder recovery, mild traumatic brain injury, psychology, Recovery (Disorders), Sports, sports concussion, traumatic brain injury
@article{Barr2007,
title = {Recovering from mild traumatic brain injury: What psychology has learned from sports concussion research},
author = {Barr, William B},
isbn = {1048-6925},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {NYS Psychologist},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {24--29},
publisher = {New York State Psychological Assn},
address = {US},
abstract = {Research on sports concussion has contributed significantly to our knowledge on the characteristics and course of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Findings from research studies on injured athletes indicate that most symptoms of concussion resolve within 7-10 days of the injury. Results from studies examining the development of more persistent symptoms have found relationships with a number of psychological factors, including expectation and maladaptive coping styles. Systematic reviews of intervention strategies have indicated that psychological approaches to treatment of MTBI, such as early education and support, are more effective than any form of drug treatment. Psychologists should be aware of these findings and the potential for playing a significant role in treating individuals with MTBI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2007, brain concussion, disorder recovery, mild traumatic brain injury, psychology, Recovery (Disorders), Sports, sports concussion, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}