Hinton-Bayre, A D
Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion Journal Article
In: Brain Impairment, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, athlete, Australian, Concussion, controlled study, data processing, diagnostic test accuracy study, disease association, disease classification, human, major clinical study, Male, medical assessment, mild traumatic brain injury, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Patient Assessment, psychopathy, receiver operating characteristic, reference value, reliability, reliable change, rugby, scoring system, sensitivity analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, sport injury
@article{Hinton-Bayre2015,
title = {Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion},
author = {Hinton-Bayre, A D},
doi = {10.1017/BrImp.2015.14},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Impairment},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {80--89},
abstract = {Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion. Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean. Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as 'impaired' or 'not-impaired', using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data. Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion. Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2015.},
keywords = {adult, Article, athlete, Australian, Concussion, controlled study, data processing, diagnostic test accuracy study, disease association, disease classification, human, major clinical study, Male, medical assessment, mild traumatic brain injury, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Patient Assessment, psychopathy, receiver operating characteristic, reference value, reliability, reliable change, rugby, scoring system, sensitivity analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, sport injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling
@article{Montenigro2014,
title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},
author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {5-8},
abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hinton-Bayre, A D
Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion Journal Article
In: Brain Impairment, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2015.
@article{Hinton-Bayre2015,
title = {Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion},
author = {Hinton-Bayre, A D},
doi = {10.1017/BrImp.2015.14},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Impairment},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {80--89},
abstract = {Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion. Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean. Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as 'impaired' or 'not-impaired', using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data. Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion. Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.
@article{Montenigro2014,
title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},
author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {5-8},
abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hinton-Bayre, A D
Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion Journal Article
In: Brain Impairment, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 80–89, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, athlete, Australian, Concussion, controlled study, data processing, diagnostic test accuracy study, disease association, disease classification, human, major clinical study, Male, medical assessment, mild traumatic brain injury, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Patient Assessment, psychopathy, receiver operating characteristic, reference value, reliability, reliable change, rugby, scoring system, sensitivity analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, sport injury
@article{Hinton-Bayre2015,
title = {Normative Versus Baseline Paradigms for Detecting Neuropsychological Impairment Following Sports-Related Concussion},
author = {Hinton-Bayre, A D},
doi = {10.1017/BrImp.2015.14},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Impairment},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {80--89},
abstract = {Objective: Obtaining baseline neuropsychological (NP) data to assist management of sports-related concussion has been considered the standard of care. The validity of this approach has been questioned, with suggestions that post-concussion testing alone will suffice. The present study compared the sensitivity of baseline and normative paradigms in the setting of sports-related concussion. Method: Baseline NP data were collected for 194 Australian rugby league athletes on a brief battery of paper-and-pencil NP tests. During competition, 27 athletes sustaining concussion referred from a sports physician were retested within two days of injury. Twenty-six uninjured controls were assessed at similar intervals. The baseline paradigm was assessed using a reliable change index for pre- and post-concussion scores. The normative paradigm was assessed comparing the post-concussion score to a normative mean. Results: The baseline paradigm was consistently more sensitive to negative change following concussion than the normative paradigm when using continuous data, despite reasonable agreement. However, when data were categorised as 'impaired' or 'not-impaired', using either 68% or 90% confidence intervals, the difference between paradigms failed to reach significance. Comparison of ROC curves for both paradigms found superior overall classification for one test and the composite score using baseline comparison data. Conclusions: Despite being a time and resource intensive process, the baseline paradigm as a repeated-measures design may be more sensitive than the between-subjects design of the normative paradigm for detecting changes following concussion. Further work is required to determine the validity of normative assessment in sports-related concussion. Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2015.},
keywords = {adult, Article, athlete, Australian, Concussion, controlled study, data processing, diagnostic test accuracy study, disease association, disease classification, human, major clinical study, Male, medical assessment, mild traumatic brain injury, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Patient Assessment, psychopathy, receiver operating characteristic, reference value, reliability, reliable change, rugby, scoring system, sensitivity analysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, sport injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A
In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling
@article{Montenigro2014,
title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},
author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},
volume = {6},
number = {5-8},
abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}