O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I
Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Adolescent, age distribution, analytical parameters, Article, athlete, Biomechanics, body mass, Concussion, controlled study, head injury, high school student, human, injury, Male, Martial Arts, middle school student, priority journal, resultant linear acceleration, taekwondo, university student
@article{OSullivan2016,
title = {Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks},
author = {O'Sullivan, D and Fife, G P and Pieter, W and Lim, T and Shin, I},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.004},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {226--230},
abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various taekwondo kicks and age (school level) in absolute terms and relative body mass on the resultant linear acceleration (RLA) of an instrumented head form. Methods: Forty-eight male (middle school: 16; high school: 16; university: 16) taekwondo athletes were recruited for this study. Subjects performed 10 turning, 10 jump spinning hook, and 10 jump back kicks on a Hybrid II head mounted on a height-adjustable frame. Results: A 2-way (School × Kick) MANOVA was used to determine the differences in RLA between schools (age groups) by type of kick. There was no univariate School main effect for absolute RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06) and RLA relative to body mass ($eta$2 = 0.06). No univariate Kick main effects were found for absolute ($eta$2 = 0.06) and relative RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06). Conclusion: It is of concern that RLA did not significantly differ between school levels, implying that young taekwondo athletes generate similar forces to their adult counterparts, possibly exposing young athletes to an increased risk for head injuries. © 2016.},
keywords = {accelerometer, Adolescent, age distribution, analytical parameters, Article, athlete, Biomechanics, body mass, Concussion, controlled study, head injury, high school student, human, injury, Male, Martial Arts, middle school student, priority journal, resultant linear acceleration, taekwondo, university student},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Demorest, Rebecca A; Koutures, Chris
Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 112–120, 2016, ISBN: 00314005.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, CHILDREN -- Health, Martial Arts, Martial arts injuries, Martial arts injuries -- Risk factors, MOUTH protectors, pediatrics, Physical training & conditioning, PREVENTION, SAFETY hats
@article{Demorest2016,
title = {Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts},
author = {Demorest, Rebecca A and Koutures, Chris},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2016-3022},
isbn = {00314005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {112--120},
abstract = {The martial arts can provide children and adolescents with vigorous levels of physical exercise that can improve overall physical fitness. The various types of martial arts encompass noncontact basic forms and techniques that may have a lower relative risk of injury. Contact-based sparring with competitive training and bouts have a higher risk of injury. This clinical report describes important techniques and movement patterns in several types of martial arts and reviews frequently reported injuries encountered in each discipline, with focused discussions of higher risk activities. Some of these higher risk activities include blows to the head and choking or submission movements that may cause concussions or significant head injuries. The roles of rule changes, documented benefits of protective equipment, and changes in training recommendations in attempts to reduce injury are critically assessed. This information is intended to help pediatric health care providers counsel patients and families in encouraging safe participation in martial arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, CHILDREN -- Health, Martial Arts, Martial arts injuries, Martial arts injuries -- Risk factors, MOUTH protectors, pediatrics, Physical training \& conditioning, PREVENTION, SAFETY hats},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walrod, B
Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 288–289, 2011, ISSN: 1537-890X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Martial Arts
@article{Walrod2011,
title = {Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition},
author = {Walrod, B},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0b013e31822dc2c2},
issn = {1537-890X},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {288--289},
abstract = {Mixed martial arts (MMA) have enjoyed a tremendous growth in popularity over the past 10 years, yet there remains a paucity of information with respect to common injuries sustained in MMA competitions. In the available studies, certain trends pertaining to risk factors for injury, as well as the most common injuries sustained in MMA competition, were noted. Common risk factors include being the losing fighter, history of knockout or technical knockout, and longer fight duration. Common injuries that were noted include lacerations and abrasions, followed by injuries to the face and ocular region. Concussions with or without loss of consciousness also were noted in MMA competition.},
keywords = {Martial Arts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I
Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.
@article{OSullivan2016,
title = {Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks},
author = {O'Sullivan, D and Fife, G P and Pieter, W and Lim, T and Shin, I},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.004},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {226--230},
abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various taekwondo kicks and age (school level) in absolute terms and relative body mass on the resultant linear acceleration (RLA) of an instrumented head form. Methods: Forty-eight male (middle school: 16; high school: 16; university: 16) taekwondo athletes were recruited for this study. Subjects performed 10 turning, 10 jump spinning hook, and 10 jump back kicks on a Hybrid II head mounted on a height-adjustable frame. Results: A 2-way (School × Kick) MANOVA was used to determine the differences in RLA between schools (age groups) by type of kick. There was no univariate School main effect for absolute RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06) and RLA relative to body mass ($eta$2 = 0.06). No univariate Kick main effects were found for absolute ($eta$2 = 0.06) and relative RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06). Conclusion: It is of concern that RLA did not significantly differ between school levels, implying that young taekwondo athletes generate similar forces to their adult counterparts, possibly exposing young athletes to an increased risk for head injuries. © 2016.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Demorest, Rebecca A; Koutures, Chris
Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 112–120, 2016, ISBN: 00314005.
@article{Demorest2016,
title = {Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts},
author = {Demorest, Rebecca A and Koutures, Chris},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2016-3022},
isbn = {00314005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {112--120},
abstract = {The martial arts can provide children and adolescents with vigorous levels of physical exercise that can improve overall physical fitness. The various types of martial arts encompass noncontact basic forms and techniques that may have a lower relative risk of injury. Contact-based sparring with competitive training and bouts have a higher risk of injury. This clinical report describes important techniques and movement patterns in several types of martial arts and reviews frequently reported injuries encountered in each discipline, with focused discussions of higher risk activities. Some of these higher risk activities include blows to the head and choking or submission movements that may cause concussions or significant head injuries. The roles of rule changes, documented benefits of protective equipment, and changes in training recommendations in attempts to reduce injury are critically assessed. This information is intended to help pediatric health care providers counsel patients and families in encouraging safe participation in martial arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walrod, B
Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 288–289, 2011, ISSN: 1537-890X.
@article{Walrod2011,
title = {Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition},
author = {Walrod, B},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0b013e31822dc2c2},
issn = {1537-890X},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {288--289},
abstract = {Mixed martial arts (MMA) have enjoyed a tremendous growth in popularity over the past 10 years, yet there remains a paucity of information with respect to common injuries sustained in MMA competitions. In the available studies, certain trends pertaining to risk factors for injury, as well as the most common injuries sustained in MMA competition, were noted. Common risk factors include being the losing fighter, history of knockout or technical knockout, and longer fight duration. Common injuries that were noted include lacerations and abrasions, followed by injuries to the face and ocular region. Concussions with or without loss of consciousness also were noted in MMA competition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I
Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Adolescent, age distribution, analytical parameters, Article, athlete, Biomechanics, body mass, Concussion, controlled study, head injury, high school student, human, injury, Male, Martial Arts, middle school student, priority journal, resultant linear acceleration, taekwondo, university student
@article{OSullivan2016,
title = {Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks},
author = {O'Sullivan, D and Fife, G P and Pieter, W and Lim, T and Shin, I},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.004},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {226--230},
abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various taekwondo kicks and age (school level) in absolute terms and relative body mass on the resultant linear acceleration (RLA) of an instrumented head form. Methods: Forty-eight male (middle school: 16; high school: 16; university: 16) taekwondo athletes were recruited for this study. Subjects performed 10 turning, 10 jump spinning hook, and 10 jump back kicks on a Hybrid II head mounted on a height-adjustable frame. Results: A 2-way (School × Kick) MANOVA was used to determine the differences in RLA between schools (age groups) by type of kick. There was no univariate School main effect for absolute RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06) and RLA relative to body mass ($eta$2 = 0.06). No univariate Kick main effects were found for absolute ($eta$2 = 0.06) and relative RLA ($eta$2 = 0.06). Conclusion: It is of concern that RLA did not significantly differ between school levels, implying that young taekwondo athletes generate similar forces to their adult counterparts, possibly exposing young athletes to an increased risk for head injuries. © 2016.},
keywords = {accelerometer, Adolescent, age distribution, analytical parameters, Article, athlete, Biomechanics, body mass, Concussion, controlled study, head injury, high school student, human, injury, Male, Martial Arts, middle school student, priority journal, resultant linear acceleration, taekwondo, university student},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Demorest, Rebecca A; Koutures, Chris
Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 112–120, 2016, ISBN: 00314005.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, CHILDREN -- Health, Martial Arts, Martial arts injuries, Martial arts injuries -- Risk factors, MOUTH protectors, pediatrics, Physical training & conditioning, PREVENTION, SAFETY hats
@article{Demorest2016,
title = {Youth Participation and Injury Risk in Martial Arts},
author = {Demorest, Rebecca A and Koutures, Chris},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2016-3022},
isbn = {00314005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {112--120},
abstract = {The martial arts can provide children and adolescents with vigorous levels of physical exercise that can improve overall physical fitness. The various types of martial arts encompass noncontact basic forms and techniques that may have a lower relative risk of injury. Contact-based sparring with competitive training and bouts have a higher risk of injury. This clinical report describes important techniques and movement patterns in several types of martial arts and reviews frequently reported injuries encountered in each discipline, with focused discussions of higher risk activities. Some of these higher risk activities include blows to the head and choking or submission movements that may cause concussions or significant head injuries. The roles of rule changes, documented benefits of protective equipment, and changes in training recommendations in attempts to reduce injury are critically assessed. This information is intended to help pediatric health care providers counsel patients and families in encouraging safe participation in martial arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, CHILDREN -- Health, Martial Arts, Martial arts injuries, Martial arts injuries -- Risk factors, MOUTH protectors, pediatrics, Physical training \& conditioning, PREVENTION, SAFETY hats},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B
A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Mayer2015b,
title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},
author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
number = {22},
pages = {1759--1767},
abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walrod, B
Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 288–289, 2011, ISSN: 1537-890X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Martial Arts
@article{Walrod2011,
title = {Current review of injuries sustained in mixed martial arts competition},
author = {Walrod, B},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0b013e31822dc2c2},
issn = {1537-890X},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {288--289},
abstract = {Mixed martial arts (MMA) have enjoyed a tremendous growth in popularity over the past 10 years, yet there remains a paucity of information with respect to common injuries sustained in MMA competitions. In the available studies, certain trends pertaining to risk factors for injury, as well as the most common injuries sustained in MMA competition, were noted. Common risk factors include being the losing fighter, history of knockout or technical knockout, and longer fight duration. Common injuries that were noted include lacerations and abrasions, followed by injuries to the face and ocular region. Concussions with or without loss of consciousness also were noted in MMA competition.},
keywords = {Martial Arts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}