Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B
Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article
In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Active, aerobic exercise, athlete, autonomic dysfunction, brain blood flow, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation, Concussion, DISEASE exacerbation, disease severity, exercise tolerance, functional assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, head injury, human, motor dysfunction, nerve cell plasticity, nonhuman, ocular motor dysfunction, ocular therapy, oculomotor training therapy, Pathophysiology, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Physical Examination, PHYSIOLOGY, physiotherapy, post concussion syndrome, Post-Concussion Syndrome, priority journal, Psychoeducation, psychologic assessment, Rehabilitation, rehabilitation care, rest, Review, Social behavior, social psychology, sport related concussion, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment contraindication, vestibular disorder, Vestibular therapy
@article{Leddy2016a,
title = {Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome},
author = {Leddy, J J and Baker, J G and Willer, B},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2015.12.003},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation Clinics of North America},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {437--454},
keywords = {Active, aerobic exercise, athlete, autonomic dysfunction, brain blood flow, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation, Concussion, DISEASE exacerbation, disease severity, exercise tolerance, functional assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, head injury, human, motor dysfunction, nerve cell plasticity, nonhuman, ocular motor dysfunction, ocular therapy, oculomotor training therapy, Pathophysiology, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Physical Examination, PHYSIOLOGY, physiotherapy, post concussion syndrome, Post-Concussion Syndrome, priority journal, Psychoeducation, psychologic assessment, Rehabilitation, rehabilitation care, rest, Review, Social behavior, social psychology, sport related concussion, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment contraindication, vestibular disorder, Vestibular therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sethi, N K
Post-concussion return to boxing protocol Journal Article
In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 61–62, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Boxers (Sports), Boxing, Concussion, CONCUSSION policies, PHYSIOLOGY, Return-to-play, SAFETY, SPORTS -- Safety measures
@article{Sethi2016,
title = {Post-concussion return to boxing protocol},
author = {Sethi, N K},
doi = {10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i2a464},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {South African Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {61--62},
abstract = {Background: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Immediately following a concussion, an athlete is usually advised physical and cognitive rest until post-concussion symptoms abate. The athlete then enters a stepwise return-to-play protocol. Premature return to play risks a second concussion, second impact syndrome, exacerbation and persistence of post-concussive symptoms. Various sports governing organisations such as the National Football League have developed postconcussion return to play protocols. Discussion: Professional boxing is a popular contact sport in which concussions are common. Professional boxing currently lacks a standardised post-concussion return to boxing protocol. Professional boxers are arbitrarily suspended for periods ranging from 30 to 90 days after suffering a technical knockout (TKO) due to multiple head and body shots or after a knockout (KO). For some boxers a neurology clearance is requested prior to their return to boxing. Conclusion: Developing and implementing a postconcussion return to the boxing protocol will standardise a return to boxing decision-making process and help to protect a boxer's health. This paper proposes a postconcussion return to boxing protocol with the recommendation that the proposed protocol be debated vigorously by the scientific community and evidence-based guidelines be developed by the medical community in conjunction with the professional boxing governing bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Boxers (Sports), Boxing, Concussion, CONCUSSION policies, PHYSIOLOGY, Return-to-play, SAFETY, SPORTS -- Safety measures},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lefebvre, G; Tremblay, S; Théoret, H
Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1032–1043, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 4 aminobutyric acid B receptor, adult, aged, Article, brain concussion, brain cortex, Brain Injuries, central motor conduction time, clinical assessment, Concussion, cortical excitability, electrostimulation, evoked muscle response, Evoked Potentials, Female, human, Humans, Inhibition, latent inhibition, latent period, long interval intracortical inhibition, magnetic stimulation, Male, Medline, middle aged, Motor, motor cortex, motor evoked potential, motor nerve conduction, muscle contraction, nerve cell excitability, nerve cell plasticity, neuromuscular facilitation, Neuronal Plasticity, outcome assessment, paired associative stimulation, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, postsynaptic inhibition, primary motor cortex, procedures, short interval intracortical inhibition, short latency afferent inhibition, sport injury, stimulus response, Systematic Review, therapy effect, theta burst stimulation, TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult
@article{Lefebvre2015,
title = {Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex},
author = {Lefebvre, G and Tremblay, S and Th\'{e}oret, H},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1028447},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1032--1043},
abstract = {Primary objective: The present paper systematically reviews studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) to assess cortical excitability, intra-cortical inhibition/facilitation and synaptic plasticity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods: Articles using TMS over M1 in patients with mTBI or sport-related concussion indexed in PubMed and published between 1998 and September 2014 were included in the present review.Main outcomes and results: From the 17 articles that matched search criteria, results from various TMS paradigms were summarized and divided in three main areas of interest: motor cortical excitability/facilitation, motor cortical inhibition and cortical plasticity. Although studies suggest a trend of abnormal intra-cortical inhibition following mTBI, no clear and specific pattern emerges from the surveyed data.Conclusions: At this time and with the possible exception of intra-cortical inhibitory measures, TMS cannot reliably detect changes in M1 excitability in individuals with mTBI or a concussion at both the acute and chronic stages of injury. This may be explained by the small number of studies and large variety of stimulation parameters. Additional longitudinal and multimodal studies are needed to better understand the nature of the excitability changes that may occur within M1 following mTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {4 aminobutyric acid B receptor, adult, aged, Article, brain concussion, brain cortex, Brain Injuries, central motor conduction time, clinical assessment, Concussion, cortical excitability, electrostimulation, evoked muscle response, Evoked Potentials, Female, human, Humans, Inhibition, latent inhibition, latent period, long interval intracortical inhibition, magnetic stimulation, Male, Medline, middle aged, Motor, motor cortex, motor evoked potential, motor nerve conduction, muscle contraction, nerve cell excitability, nerve cell plasticity, neuromuscular facilitation, Neuronal Plasticity, outcome assessment, paired associative stimulation, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, postsynaptic inhibition, primary motor cortex, procedures, short interval intracortical inhibition, short latency afferent inhibition, sport injury, stimulus response, Systematic Review, therapy effect, theta burst stimulation, TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Tan, C O; Ainslie, P N; Van Donkelaar, P; Stanwell, P; Levi, C R; Iverson, G L
Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1050–1055, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult
@article{Gardner2015bb,
title = {Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review},
author = {Gardner, A J and Tan, C O and Ainslie, P N and {Van Donkelaar}, P and Stanwell, P and Levi, C R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093901},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {1050--1055},
abstract = {Background: Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion. Review method: A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013. Data sources: Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Results: Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US. Conclusions: These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kota, Srinivas; Kelsey, Kathleen M; Rigoni, Joseph B; Molfese, Dennis L
Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events Journal Article
In: NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 437–439, 2013, ISBN: 0959-4965 1473-558X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, attention, attention task, Cognitive Impairment, Electrophysiology, event related potentials, Evoked Potentials, Neurocognition, neurocognitive dysfunction, PHYSIOLOGY, sporting events, Sports, Task Analysis
@article{Kota2013,
title = {Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events},
author = {Kota, Srinivas and Kelsey, Kathleen M and Rigoni, Joseph B and Molfese, Dennis L},
isbn = {0959-4965
1473-558X},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {437--439},
publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
address = {US},
abstract = {This study recorded brain event-related potentials (ERPs) during an attention task under two conditions: (a) immediately after strenuous exercise and (b) immediately after an extended rest period. The goal was to examine the effect of different physiological states on the electrophysiological data. As expected, a larger P3b ERP component was observed in response to attended infrequent events. Strenuous exercise did not differentially alter the amplitude or latency of the brain response during an attention task. This study reports a novel application of ERPs as a potential additional measure of the neurocognitive state that can be assessed on the sideline of a sporting event. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, attention, attention task, Cognitive Impairment, Electrophysiology, event related potentials, Evoked Potentials, Neurocognition, neurocognitive dysfunction, PHYSIOLOGY, sporting events, Sports, Task Analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B
Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article
In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.
@article{Leddy2016a,
title = {Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome},
author = {Leddy, J J and Baker, J G and Willer, B},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2015.12.003},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation Clinics of North America},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {437--454},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sethi, N K
Post-concussion return to boxing protocol Journal Article
In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 61–62, 2016.
@article{Sethi2016,
title = {Post-concussion return to boxing protocol},
author = {Sethi, N K},
doi = {10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i2a464},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {South African Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {61--62},
abstract = {Background: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Immediately following a concussion, an athlete is usually advised physical and cognitive rest until post-concussion symptoms abate. The athlete then enters a stepwise return-to-play protocol. Premature return to play risks a second concussion, second impact syndrome, exacerbation and persistence of post-concussive symptoms. Various sports governing organisations such as the National Football League have developed postconcussion return to play protocols. Discussion: Professional boxing is a popular contact sport in which concussions are common. Professional boxing currently lacks a standardised post-concussion return to boxing protocol. Professional boxers are arbitrarily suspended for periods ranging from 30 to 90 days after suffering a technical knockout (TKO) due to multiple head and body shots or after a knockout (KO). For some boxers a neurology clearance is requested prior to their return to boxing. Conclusion: Developing and implementing a postconcussion return to the boxing protocol will standardise a return to boxing decision-making process and help to protect a boxer's health. This paper proposes a postconcussion return to boxing protocol with the recommendation that the proposed protocol be debated vigorously by the scientific community and evidence-based guidelines be developed by the medical community in conjunction with the professional boxing governing bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lefebvre, G; Tremblay, S; Théoret, H
Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1032–1043, 2015.
@article{Lefebvre2015,
title = {Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex},
author = {Lefebvre, G and Tremblay, S and Th\'{e}oret, H},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1028447},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1032--1043},
abstract = {Primary objective: The present paper systematically reviews studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) to assess cortical excitability, intra-cortical inhibition/facilitation and synaptic plasticity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods: Articles using TMS over M1 in patients with mTBI or sport-related concussion indexed in PubMed and published between 1998 and September 2014 were included in the present review.Main outcomes and results: From the 17 articles that matched search criteria, results from various TMS paradigms were summarized and divided in three main areas of interest: motor cortical excitability/facilitation, motor cortical inhibition and cortical plasticity. Although studies suggest a trend of abnormal intra-cortical inhibition following mTBI, no clear and specific pattern emerges from the surveyed data.Conclusions: At this time and with the possible exception of intra-cortical inhibitory measures, TMS cannot reliably detect changes in M1 excitability in individuals with mTBI or a concussion at both the acute and chronic stages of injury. This may be explained by the small number of studies and large variety of stimulation parameters. Additional longitudinal and multimodal studies are needed to better understand the nature of the excitability changes that may occur within M1 following mTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Tan, C O; Ainslie, P N; Van Donkelaar, P; Stanwell, P; Levi, C R; Iverson, G L
Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1050–1055, 2015.
@article{Gardner2015bb,
title = {Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review},
author = {Gardner, A J and Tan, C O and Ainslie, P N and {Van Donkelaar}, P and Stanwell, P and Levi, C R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093901},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {1050--1055},
abstract = {Background: Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion. Review method: A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013. Data sources: Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Results: Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US. Conclusions: These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kota, Srinivas; Kelsey, Kathleen M; Rigoni, Joseph B; Molfese, Dennis L
Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events Journal Article
In: NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 437–439, 2013, ISBN: 0959-4965 1473-558X.
@article{Kota2013,
title = {Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events},
author = {Kota, Srinivas and Kelsey, Kathleen M and Rigoni, Joseph B and Molfese, Dennis L},
isbn = {0959-4965
1473-558X},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {437--439},
publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
address = {US},
abstract = {This study recorded brain event-related potentials (ERPs) during an attention task under two conditions: (a) immediately after strenuous exercise and (b) immediately after an extended rest period. The goal was to examine the effect of different physiological states on the electrophysiological data. As expected, a larger P3b ERP component was observed in response to attended infrequent events. Strenuous exercise did not differentially alter the amplitude or latency of the brain response during an attention task. This study reports a novel application of ERPs as a potential additional measure of the neurocognitive state that can be assessed on the sideline of a sporting event. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B
Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article
In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Active, aerobic exercise, athlete, autonomic dysfunction, brain blood flow, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation, Concussion, DISEASE exacerbation, disease severity, exercise tolerance, functional assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, head injury, human, motor dysfunction, nerve cell plasticity, nonhuman, ocular motor dysfunction, ocular therapy, oculomotor training therapy, Pathophysiology, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Physical Examination, PHYSIOLOGY, physiotherapy, post concussion syndrome, Post-Concussion Syndrome, priority journal, Psychoeducation, psychologic assessment, Rehabilitation, rehabilitation care, rest, Review, Social behavior, social psychology, sport related concussion, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment contraindication, vestibular disorder, Vestibular therapy
@article{Leddy2016a,
title = {Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome},
author = {Leddy, J J and Baker, J G and Willer, B},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2015.12.003},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation Clinics of North America},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {437--454},
keywords = {Active, aerobic exercise, athlete, autonomic dysfunction, brain blood flow, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation, Concussion, DISEASE exacerbation, disease severity, exercise tolerance, functional assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, head injury, human, motor dysfunction, nerve cell plasticity, nonhuman, ocular motor dysfunction, ocular therapy, oculomotor training therapy, Pathophysiology, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Physical Examination, PHYSIOLOGY, physiotherapy, post concussion syndrome, Post-Concussion Syndrome, priority journal, Psychoeducation, psychologic assessment, Rehabilitation, rehabilitation care, rest, Review, Social behavior, social psychology, sport related concussion, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment contraindication, vestibular disorder, Vestibular therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sethi, N K
Post-concussion return to boxing protocol Journal Article
In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 61–62, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Boxers (Sports), Boxing, Concussion, CONCUSSION policies, PHYSIOLOGY, Return-to-play, SAFETY, SPORTS -- Safety measures
@article{Sethi2016,
title = {Post-concussion return to boxing protocol},
author = {Sethi, N K},
doi = {10.17159/2078-516X/2016/v28i2a464},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {South African Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {61--62},
abstract = {Background: Concussion is a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Immediately following a concussion, an athlete is usually advised physical and cognitive rest until post-concussion symptoms abate. The athlete then enters a stepwise return-to-play protocol. Premature return to play risks a second concussion, second impact syndrome, exacerbation and persistence of post-concussive symptoms. Various sports governing organisations such as the National Football League have developed postconcussion return to play protocols. Discussion: Professional boxing is a popular contact sport in which concussions are common. Professional boxing currently lacks a standardised post-concussion return to boxing protocol. Professional boxers are arbitrarily suspended for periods ranging from 30 to 90 days after suffering a technical knockout (TKO) due to multiple head and body shots or after a knockout (KO). For some boxers a neurology clearance is requested prior to their return to boxing. Conclusion: Developing and implementing a postconcussion return to the boxing protocol will standardise a return to boxing decision-making process and help to protect a boxer's health. This paper proposes a postconcussion return to boxing protocol with the recommendation that the proposed protocol be debated vigorously by the scientific community and evidence-based guidelines be developed by the medical community in conjunction with the professional boxing governing bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Boxers (Sports), Boxing, Concussion, CONCUSSION policies, PHYSIOLOGY, Return-to-play, SAFETY, SPORTS -- Safety measures},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D
Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article
In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer
@article{Andelinovic2015,
title = {Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function},
author = {Andelinovi\'{c}, M and Titli\'{c}, M and Andelinovi\'{c}, D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Collegium antropologicum},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {641--645},
abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that evaluation of evoked potentials (EP) is an excellent estimation tool for a cognitive function. During daily practices footballers are exposed to headers that can leave mild head traumas. In this study, young footballers were examined, while the control group included their coevals who don't practice contact sports. Results of the study have shown that footballers have longer latency value of the P300 wave when target stimulus is presented on N1, N2 and P3, but not on P2. Also, they have longer latency values when non-target stimulus is presented. Amplitude values of target stimulus are not different, but footballers have lower amplitudes of non-target stimulus. This study suggests that EP evaluation method can be used to detect first and mild changes of the brain function.},
keywords = {Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lefebvre, G; Tremblay, S; Théoret, H
Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1032–1043, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 4 aminobutyric acid B receptor, adult, aged, Article, brain concussion, brain cortex, Brain Injuries, central motor conduction time, clinical assessment, Concussion, cortical excitability, electrostimulation, evoked muscle response, Evoked Potentials, Female, human, Humans, Inhibition, latent inhibition, latent period, long interval intracortical inhibition, magnetic stimulation, Male, Medline, middle aged, Motor, motor cortex, motor evoked potential, motor nerve conduction, muscle contraction, nerve cell excitability, nerve cell plasticity, neuromuscular facilitation, Neuronal Plasticity, outcome assessment, paired associative stimulation, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, postsynaptic inhibition, primary motor cortex, procedures, short interval intracortical inhibition, short latency afferent inhibition, sport injury, stimulus response, Systematic Review, therapy effect, theta burst stimulation, TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult
@article{Lefebvre2015,
title = {Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex},
author = {Lefebvre, G and Tremblay, S and Th\'{e}oret, H},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1028447},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1032--1043},
abstract = {Primary objective: The present paper systematically reviews studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) to assess cortical excitability, intra-cortical inhibition/facilitation and synaptic plasticity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods: Articles using TMS over M1 in patients with mTBI or sport-related concussion indexed in PubMed and published between 1998 and September 2014 were included in the present review.Main outcomes and results: From the 17 articles that matched search criteria, results from various TMS paradigms were summarized and divided in three main areas of interest: motor cortical excitability/facilitation, motor cortical inhibition and cortical plasticity. Although studies suggest a trend of abnormal intra-cortical inhibition following mTBI, no clear and specific pattern emerges from the surveyed data.Conclusions: At this time and with the possible exception of intra-cortical inhibitory measures, TMS cannot reliably detect changes in M1 excitability in individuals with mTBI or a concussion at both the acute and chronic stages of injury. This may be explained by the small number of studies and large variety of stimulation parameters. Additional longitudinal and multimodal studies are needed to better understand the nature of the excitability changes that may occur within M1 following mTBI. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {4 aminobutyric acid B receptor, adult, aged, Article, brain concussion, brain cortex, Brain Injuries, central motor conduction time, clinical assessment, Concussion, cortical excitability, electrostimulation, evoked muscle response, Evoked Potentials, Female, human, Humans, Inhibition, latent inhibition, latent period, long interval intracortical inhibition, magnetic stimulation, Male, Medline, middle aged, Motor, motor cortex, motor evoked potential, motor nerve conduction, muscle contraction, nerve cell excitability, nerve cell plasticity, neuromuscular facilitation, Neuronal Plasticity, outcome assessment, paired associative stimulation, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, postsynaptic inhibition, primary motor cortex, procedures, short interval intracortical inhibition, short latency afferent inhibition, sport injury, stimulus response, Systematic Review, therapy effect, theta burst stimulation, TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Tan, C O; Ainslie, P N; Van Donkelaar, P; Stanwell, P; Levi, C R; Iverson, G L
Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1050–1055, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult
@article{Gardner2015bb,
title = {Cerebrovascular reactivity assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in sport-related concussion: A systematic review},
author = {Gardner, A J and Tan, C O and Ainslie, P N and {Van Donkelaar}, P and Stanwell, P and Levi, C R and Iverson, G L},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2014-093901},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {16},
pages = {1050--1055},
abstract = {Background: Traumatic brain injury influences regulation of cerebral blood flow in animal models and in human studies. We reviewed the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (US) to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity following sport-related concussion. Review method: A narrative and systematic review of articles published in the English language, from December 1982 to October 2013. Data sources: Articles were retrieved via numerous databases using relevant key terms. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Results: Three publications met the criteria for inclusion; these provided data from 42 athletes and 33 controls. All three studies reported reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity via transcranial Doppler US. Conclusions: These initial results support the use of cerebrovascular reactivity as a research tool for identifying altered neurophysiology and monitoring recovery in adult athletes. Larger cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal studies are required to understand the sensitivity and prognostic value of cerebrovascular reactivity in sport-related concussion. © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries, brain circulation, brain concussion, case control study, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Doppler, echography, Female, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, sport injury, Transcranial, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, Ultrasonography, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kota, Srinivas; Kelsey, Kathleen M; Rigoni, Joseph B; Molfese, Dennis L
Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events Journal Article
In: NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 437–439, 2013, ISBN: 0959-4965 1473-558X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, attention, attention task, Cognitive Impairment, Electrophysiology, event related potentials, Evoked Potentials, Neurocognition, neurocognitive dysfunction, PHYSIOLOGY, sporting events, Sports, Task Analysis
@article{Kota2013,
title = {Feasibility of using event-related potentials as a sideline measure of neurocognitive dysfunction during sporting events},
author = {Kota, Srinivas and Kelsey, Kathleen M and Rigoni, Joseph B and Molfese, Dennis L},
isbn = {0959-4965
1473-558X},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {437--439},
publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
address = {US},
abstract = {This study recorded brain event-related potentials (ERPs) during an attention task under two conditions: (a) immediately after strenuous exercise and (b) immediately after an extended rest period. The goal was to examine the effect of different physiological states on the electrophysiological data. As expected, a larger P3b ERP component was observed in response to attended infrequent events. Strenuous exercise did not differentially alter the amplitude or latency of the brain response during an attention task. This study reports a novel application of ERPs as a potential additional measure of the neurocognitive state that can be assessed on the sideline of a sporting event. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, attention, attention task, Cognitive Impairment, Electrophysiology, event related potentials, Evoked Potentials, Neurocognition, neurocognitive dysfunction, PHYSIOLOGY, sporting events, Sports, Task Analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}