Horris, Hannah B; Elmer, Carlie; McLeod, Tamara C Valovich
Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2017, ISBN: 19425864.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE students, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *HIGH school students, *MEDICAL care, *MEDLINE, *PHYSICAL therapy, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, CINAHL (Information retrieval system), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, ONLINE information services, Professional Practice, Risk Factors, SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)
@article{Horris2017,
title = {Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery},
author = {Horris, Hannah B and Elmer, Carlie and McLeod, Tamara C Valovich},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {39--44},
abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a risk factor for concussion or delayed recovery. However, these recommendations are often based on anecdotal or limited evidence. This critically appraised topic aimed to address the clinical question of whether a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD increases the risk for a concussion and prolonged symptoms. A search strategy using PICO terminology related to the clinical question was conducted in several electronic databases. Seven studies were identified and five met the inclusion criteria. The clinical bottom line suggests there is moderate evidence to support the relationship between patients who are diagnosed as having ADHD and the incident rate of concussion, as well as a prolonged recovery time. The findings of this critically appraised topic suggest strength of recommendation of grade B to support that ADHD is a risk factor for concussion and a predictor of prolonged recovery. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE students, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *HIGH school students, *MEDICAL care, *MEDLINE, *PHYSICAL therapy, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, CINAHL (Information retrieval system), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFORMATION storage \& retrieval systems, ONLINE information services, Professional Practice, Risk Factors, SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, M W; Womble, M N
American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular
@article{Collins2017,
title = {American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture},
author = {Collins, M W and Womble, M N},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.011},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Surgery},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {16--21},
abstract = {Every year in the United States, 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur secondary to injuries sustained during sports and recreational activities. Major advances have been made in terms of identifying specific clinical profiles following concussion. Nevertheless, there are continued misunderstandings regarding this injury and variable clinical management strategies being employed that may result in protracted recovery periods for youth athletes. Therefore, it is essential that individualized treatment plans target the particular clinical profile(s) present following concussion. Further progress related to management of this injury depends on medical professionals working as part of multidisciplinary teams to provide appropriate education, accurate information, and treatments based on the identified clinical profiles. It is also important for medical professionals of all disciplines to stay vigilant toward future research and practice guidelines given the evolving nature of this injury. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, D C; Sturm, V E; Peterson, M J; Pieper, C F; Bullock, T; Boeve, B F; Miller, B L; Guskiewicz, K M; Berger, M S; Kramer, J H; Welsh-Bohmer, K A
Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 511–526, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Mental Disorders/et [Etiology], *Mental Disorders/px [Psychology], *Nervous System Diseases/et [Etiology], *Nervous System Diseases/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Dementia/et [Etiology], Humans, Risk Factors
@article{Perry2016,
title = {Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis},
author = {Perry, D C and Sturm, V E and Peterson, M J and Pieper, C F and Bullock, T and Boeve, B F and Miller, B L and Guskiewicz, K M and Berger, M S and Kramer, J H and Welsh-Bohmer, K A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {124},
number = {2},
pages = {511--526},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study's objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with the subsequent diagnosis (that is, at least 1 year postinjury) of neurological or psychiatric disease. METHODS: All studies from January 1995 to February 2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study designs and characteristics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurological and psychiatric diagnoses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the development of any illness subsequent to prior TBI was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44-1.93, p \< 0.0001). Prior TBI was independently associated with both neurological (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.83, p \< 0.0001) and psychiatric (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.50-2.66, p \< 0.0001) outcomes. Analyses of individual diagnoses revealed higher odds of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, mixed affective disorders, and bipolar disorder in individuals with previous TBI as compared to those without TBI. This association was present when examining only studies of mild TBI and when considering the influence of study design and characteristics. Analysis of a subset of studies demonstrated no evidence that multiple TBIs were associated with higher odds of disease than a single TBI. CONCLUSIONS: History of TBI, including mild TBI, is associated with the development of neurological and psychiatric illness. This finding indicates that either TBI is a risk factor for heterogeneous pathological processes or that TBI may contribute to a common pathological mechanism.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Mental Disorders/et [Etiology], *Mental Disorders/px [Psychology], *Nervous System Diseases/et [Etiology], *Nervous System Diseases/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Dementia/et [Etiology], Humans, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A
Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors
@article{Nelson2016b,
title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},
author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {142--152},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A
High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Adolescent, Athletes, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, reaction time, Risk Factors, Students
@article{Custer2016,
title = {High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes},
author = {Custer, A and Sufrinko, A and Elbin, R J and Covassin, T and Collins, M and Kontos, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {136--141},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Some healthy athletes report high levels of baseline concussion symptoms, which may be attributable to several factors (eg, illness, personality, somaticizing). However, the role of baseline symptoms in outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC) has not been empirically examined. OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with high symptom scores at baseline performed worse than athletes without baseline symptoms on neurocognitive testing after SRC. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: High school and collegiate athletic programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 670 high school and collegiate athletes participated in the study. Participants were divided into groups with either no baseline symptoms (Postconcussion Symptom Scale [PCSS] score = 0},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Adolescent, Athletes, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, reaction time, Risk Factors, Students},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mollayeva, T; Mollayeva, S; Colantonio, A
The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 55, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Animals, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Brain/pa [Pathology], Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders/ge [Genetics], wakefulness
@article{Mollayeva2016,
title = {The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Mollayeva, T and Mollayeva, S and Colantonio, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Neurology \& Neuroscience Reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {55},
abstract = {Sleep disorders and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are among the most commonly occurring neurological problems clinicians encounter simultaneously. Each can cause the other, and both share common predisposing factors. An important question that remains to be addressed is whether high-risk groups can be defined. We observed an accumulation of considerable knowledge on sleep dysfunction in mTBI in recently published works. The results highlight sleep disturbances in mTBI as the product of diverse internal and external influences, acting on a genetically determined substrate. This may partially explain the clinical heterogeneity of mTBI, pointing to the importance of establishing an accurate history on the onset and course of a specific sleep disorder in the early stages post-mTBI in the individual patient. Such an approach will aid not only diagnosis and treatment but may also lead to identification of disorders whose symptoms mimic those of TBI and thereby direct the most suitable treatment and management.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Animals, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Brain/pa [Pathology], Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders/ge [Genetics], wakefulness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heinmiller, L; Gunton, K B
A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome Journal Article
In: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 407–412, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Vision Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], Humans, Ocular Motility Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Ocular Motility Disorders/th [Therapy], Post-Concussion Syndrome/th [Therapy], Risk Factors, Vision Disorders/th [Therapy]
@article{Heinmiller2016,
title = {A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome},
author = {Heinmiller, L and Gunton, K B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Opinion in Ophthalmology},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {407--412},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Concussions and their related sequelae have received significant attention given the high-profile media coverage from professional sports and recreational leagues. A better understanding of the diagnosis and symptom management may limit the long-term impact these injuries have on the affected individual. The aim of this review is to provide updated information for both diagnosis and ongoing management for visual symptoms of concussions. RECENT FINDINGS: New testing including a brief vestibular/ocular motor screening assessment and the importance of near point of convergence measurements may prove beneficial to the diagnosis and identification of patients at greater risk for developing postconcussion syndrome. Additionally, the development of postconcussion syndrome is more likely when symptom burden is greater upon presentation. SUMMARY: Currently, there is not a single testing method that can universally identify all individuals with concussion. Current management of concussion focuses on targeted treatment based upon symptoms and signs present at onset to decrease disease burden and help restore baseline functioning as soon as possible.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Vision Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], Humans, Ocular Motility Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Ocular Motility Disorders/th [Therapy], Post-Concussion Syndrome/th [Therapy], Risk Factors, Vision Disorders/th [Therapy]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
O'Kane, J W
Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play? Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 190–194, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injury, *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injury, Child, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pc [Prevention & Control], Humans, Risk Factors, UNITED States
@article{OKane2016,
title = {Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play?},
author = {O'Kane, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {190--194},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soccer is among the most popular youth sports with over 3 million youth players registered in the U.S. Soccer is unique in that players intentionally use their head to strike the ball, leading to concerns that heading could cause acute or chronic brain injury, especially in the immature brains of children. METHODS: Pub Med search without date restriction was conducted in November 2014 and August 2015 using the terms soccer and concussion, heading and concussion, and youth soccer and concussion. 310 articles were identified and reviewed for applicable content specifically relating to youth athletes, heading, and/or acute or chronic brain injury from soccer. RESULTS: Soccer is a low-risk sport for catastrophic head injury, but concussions are relatively common and heading often plays a role. At all levels of play, concussions are more likely to occur in the act of heading than with other facets of the game. While concussion from heading the ball without other contact to the head appears rare in adult players, some data suggests children are more susceptible to concussion from heading primarily in game situations. Contributing factors include biomechanical forces, less developed technique, and the immature brain's susceptibility to injury. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that heading in youth soccer causes any permanent brain injury and there is limited evidence that heading in youth soccer can cause concussion. A reasonable approach based on U.S. Youth Soccer recommendations is to teach heading after age 10 in controlled settings, and heading in games should be delayed until skill acquisition and physical maturity allow the youth player to head correctly with confidence.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injury, *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injury, Child, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pc [Prevention \& Control], Humans, Risk Factors, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, J H; Gill, C; Kuhn, E N; Rocque, B G; Menendez, J Y; O'Neill, J A; Agee, B S; Brown, S T; Crowther, M; Davis, R D; Ferguson, D; Johnston, J M
Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 491–496, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prognosis, Recovery of Function, Risk Factors
@article{Miller2016,
title = {Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study},
author = {Miller, J H and Gill, C and Kuhn, E N and Rocque, B G and Menendez, J Y and O'Neill, J A and Agee, B S and Brown, S T and Crowther, M and Davis, R D and Ferguson, D and Johnston, J M},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {491--496},
abstract = {OBJECT Pediatric sports-related concussions are a growing public health concern. The factors that determine injury severity and time to recovery following these concussions are poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that initial symptom severity and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are predictors of prolonged recovery (\> 28 days) after pediatric sports-related concussions. Further analysis of baseline patient characteristics may allow for a more accurate prediction of which patients are at risk for delayed recovery after a sports-related concussion. METHODS The authors performed a single-center retrospective case-control study involving patients cared for at the multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Children's of Alabama between August 2011 and January 2013. Patient demographic data, medical history, sport concussion assessment tool 2 (SCAT2) and symptom severity scores, injury characteristics, and patient balance assessments were analyzed for each outcome group. The control group consisted of patients whose symptoms resolved within 28 days. The case group included patients whose symptoms persisted for more than 28 days. The presence or absence of the SCAT2 assessment had a modifying effect on the risk for delayed recovery; therefore, stratum-specific analyses were conducted for patients with recorded SCAT2 scores and for patients without SCAT2 scores. Unadjusted ORs and adjusted ORs (aORs) for an association of delayed recovery outcome with specific risk factors were calculated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 294 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. The case and control groups did not statistically significantly differ in age (p = 0.7). For the patients who had received SCAT2 assessments, a previous history of concussion (aOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.51-8.95), presenting SCAT2 score \< 80 (aOR 5.58, 95% CI 2.61-11.93), and female sex (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.43-8.49) were all associated with a higher risk for postconcussive symptoms lasting more than 28 days. For patients without SCAT2 scores, female sex and reporting a history of ADHD significantly increased the odds of prolonged recovery (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.93-10.07 and aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.13-13.24, respectively). Concussions resulting from playing a nonhelmet sport were also associated with a higher risk for prolonged symptoms in patients with and without SCAT2 scores (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.28-5.26 and OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99-7.73, respectively). Amnesia, balance abnormalities, and a history of migraines were not associated with symptoms lasting longer than 28 days. CONCLUSIONS This case-control study suggests candidate risk factors for predicting prolonged recovery following sports-related concussion. Large prospective cohort studies of youth athletes examined and treated with standardized protocols will be needed to definitively establish these associations and confirm which children are at highest risk for delayed recovery.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prognosis, Recovery of Function, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iverson, G L
Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injury, *Football/in [Injuries], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/di [Diagnosis], Chronic/ep [Epidemiology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Football/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Suicide/td [Trends]
@article{Iverson2016a,
title = {Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy},
author = {Iverson, G L},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry \& Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {9--16},
abstract = {For nearly 80 years, suicidality was not considered to be a core clinical feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In recent years, suicide has been widely cited as being associated with CTE, and now depression has been proposed to be one of three core diagnostic features alongside cognitive impairment and anger control problems. This evolution of the clinical features has been reinforced by thousands of media stories reporting a connection between mental health problems in former athletes and military veterans, repetitive neurotrauma, and CTE. At present, the science underlying the causal assumption between repetitive neurotrauma, depression, suicide, and the neuropathology believed to be unique to CTE is inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence indicates that former National Football League players, for example, are at lower, not greater, risk for suicide than men in the general population. This article aims to discuss the critical issues and literature relating to these possible relationships.},
keywords = {*Brain Injury, *Football/in [Injuries], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/di [Diagnosis], Chronic/ep [Epidemiology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Football/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Suicide/td [Trends]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Register-Mihalik, J K; De Maio, V J; Tibbo-Valeriote, H L; Wooten, J D
Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness
@article{Register-Mihalik2015,
title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},
author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {502--508},
abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biederman, J; Feinberg, L; Chan, J; Adeyemo, B O; Woodworth, K Y; Panis, W; McGrath, N; Bhatnagar, S; Spencer, T J; Uchida, M; Kenworthy, T; Grossman, R; Zafonte, R; Faraone, S V
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, vol. 203, no. 11, pp. 813–819, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep, *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Students, Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/di [, Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Young Adult
@article{Biederman2015,
title = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes},
author = {Biederman, J and Feinberg, L and Chan, J and Adeyemo, B O and Woodworth, K Y and Panis, W and McGrath, N and Bhatnagar, S and Spencer, T J and Uchida, M and Kenworthy, T and Grossman, R and Zafonte, R and Faraone, S V},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nervous \& Mental Disease},
volume = {203},
number = {11},
pages = {813--819},
abstract = {A recent meta-analysis documented a significant statistical association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Adeyemo et al., 2014), but the direction of this effect was unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that ADHD would be an antecedent risk factor for mTBI. Participants were student athletes ages 12 to 25 who had sustained a mTBI and Controls of similar age and sex selected from studies of youth with and without ADHD. Subjects were assessed for symptoms of ADHD, concussion severity, and cognitive function. mTBI subjects had a significantly higher rate of ADHD than Controls, and in all cases the age of onset of ADHD was before mTBI onset. mTBI+ADHD subjects also had more severe concussion symptoms (fatigue and poor concentration) than mTBI-ADHD subjects. These results support ADHD as an antecedent risk factor for mTBI in student athletes and that its presence complicates the course of mTBI.},
keywords = {*Athletes, *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep, *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Students, Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/di [, Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K
Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports
@article{Ellis2015ab,
title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},
author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {709--718},
abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, John J; Wendt, John T
The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League Journal Article
In: Journal of Contemporary Athletics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 33–48, 2015, ISBN: 15549933.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN damage, *CONCUSSION policies, *HOCKEY coaches, *HOCKEY players, NATIONAL Hockey League, Risk Factors
@article{Miller2015b,
title = {The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League},
author = {Miller, John J and Wendt, John T},
isbn = {15549933},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Contemporary Athletics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {33--48},
abstract = {At elite levels, such as the National Hockey League (NHL), aggression is considered to be important as a successful strategy. Aggressive players are quickly recognized for their style of play by coaches, management, other players, and fans (Cusimano, Chipman, Volpe, \& Donnelly, 2009). Coupled with the concept that hockey played in the NHL is a fast, collision sport lends itself to the potential of concussions. The speed, hard ice, boards, sticks, pucks, player collisions, body checks, and illegal on-ice activity contribute to the prevalence of concussion (Collins, Fields, \& Comstock, 2008; Goodman \& Williamson, 2009). Additionally, the perceptions that concussions are ==a part of the game'' and the ability to return to play quickly as a sign of ==toughness'' is prevalent. However, an attitude that emphasizes tough of players who can ==heroically brush off'' injuries often compel players to neglect their own safety and health for the game (Cusimano et al, 2009). Concussions have become a considerable issue in sports as occurrence rates have increased (Benson, Meeuwisse, Rizos, Kang, \& Burke, 2011). There may be a number of reasons for the increase of concussions in sport. For example, a concussion is no longer defined as the player losing consciousness (Ellenbogen, Beger, \& Hunt, 2010). However, what were once referred to as ?dings,? ?hits,? or many other less significant-sounding names by athletes are now clearly defined as concussions (Ellenbogen et al., 2010). Yet, many athletes do not recognize their symptoms as being the result of a concussion, nor do they believe that sustaining a concussion is a potentially grave problem (Kaut, DePompei, Kerr, \& Congeni, 2003; Rutherford, Stephens, Potter, \& Fernie, 2005). Such perceptions may change dramatically in the near future as two major lawsuits have been filed against the NHL by former players. In both lawsuits, the players assert that the NHL was negligent in informing them of the high rate of injuries resulting from playing professional hockey, especially the increased risk of brain damage due to concussive and sub-concussive brain trauma. The first section will analyze the litigation against NHL brought by parents of a former player who is deceased. The second section discuss on the need for a paradigm shift of the culture of sport to make hockey safer from the fans as well as the NHL. The third section will focus on the application of risk management in regards to minimized violent behavior in hockey. The last section will address issues of monitoring youth hockey for concussions. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN damage, *CONCUSSION policies, *HOCKEY coaches, *HOCKEY players, NATIONAL Hockey League, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fitch, T; Villanueva, G; Quadir, M M; Sagiraju, H K; Alamgir, H
The prevalence and risk factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among workers injured in Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh Journal Article
In: American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 756–763, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Occupational Diseases/ep [Epidemiology], *Stress Disorders, *Structure Collapse, *Survivors/px [Psychology], *Textile Industry, adult, Bangladesh/ep [Epidemiology], Employment/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marital Status, Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology], ODDS ratio, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Work/px [Psychology], Young Adult
@article{Fitch2015,
title = {The prevalence and risk factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among workers injured in Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh},
author = {Fitch, T and Villanueva, G and Quadir, M M and Sagiraju, H K and Alamgir, H},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine},
volume = {58},
number = {7},
pages = {756--763},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Prevalence and risk factors of PTSD among injured garment workers who survived a major factory collapse. METHODS: Survivors receiving treatment or rehabilitation care at one year post event were surveyed, which included Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Specific version. RESULTS: The respondents consisted of 181 people with a mean age of 27.8 years and a majority had less than high school education (91.2%). Multivariable logistic regression found that the odds of having PTSD was higher among married (OR: 3.2 [95% CI: 1.3-8.0]), those who used to work more than 70hr/week (OR: 2.4 [1.1-5.3]), workers who used to hold higher job positions (OR: 2.6 [1.2-5.6]) or who had a concussion injury (OR: 3.7 [1.4-9.8]). Among the respondents, 83.4% remained unemployed, and only 57.3% (63 people) reported receiving a quarter or less of what they were promised as compensation. CONCLUSIONS: Probable PTSD was prevalent among surviving workers of the Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh.Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
keywords = {*Occupational Diseases/ep [Epidemiology], *Stress Disorders, *Structure Collapse, *Survivors/px [Psychology], *Textile Industry, adult, Bangladesh/ep [Epidemiology], Employment/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marital Status, Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology], ODDS ratio, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Work/px [Psychology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elder, G A
Update on TBI and Cognitive Impairment in Military Veterans Journal Article
In: Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 68, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], *Veterans, Blast Injuries/co [Complications], Blast Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Humans, Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders
@article{Elder2015,
title = {Update on TBI and Cognitive Impairment in Military Veterans},
author = {Elder, G A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Neurology \& Neuroscience Reports},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {68},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in military life. Interest in military TBI has increased recently due to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Certain types of TBI are relatively unique to the military, the most prominent being blast-related TBI. Blast-related mild TBI has been of particular concern in veterans from the most recent conflicts although controversy remains concerning its separation from post-traumatic stress disorder. TBI is also a risk factor for the later development of neurodegenerative diseases in which cognitive impairment is prominent putting veterans at risk for disorders including Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Recent evidence associating TBI with chronic cognitive impairment is reviewed in the context of its relevance to military veterans.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], *Veterans, Blast Injuries/co [Complications], Blast Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Humans, Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Orchard, J W
Match of the decade: risk management of concussion versus high-speed collisions in the football codes Journal Article
In: Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 203, no. 7, pp. 281–282, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/cl [Classification], *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/cl [Classification], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Football/in [Injuries], Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Risk Factors
@article{Orchard2015,
title = {Match of the decade: risk management of concussion versus high-speed collisions in the football codes},
author = {Orchard, J W},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medical Journal of Australia},
volume = {203},
number = {7},
pages = {281--282},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/cl [Classification], *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/cl [Classification], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Football/in [Injuries], Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mendez, M F; Paholpak, P; Lin, A; Zhang, J Y; Teng, E
Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Journal Article
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 985–993, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Mendez2015,
title = {Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease},
author = {Mendez, M F and Paholpak, P and Lin, A and Zhang, J Y and Teng, E},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {985--993},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most established environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if TBI is specifically associated with early-onset AD (EOAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between TBI and EOAD (\<65 years). METHODS: We identified 1,449 EOAD, 4,337 late-onset AD (LOAD), and corresponding EOAD-matched and LOAD-matched normal controls (NC) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) database and compared the prevalence of any history of TBI as well as measures of cognition, function, behavior, and neuropathology. For validation, we determined TBI prevalence among 115 well-characterized clinic patients with EOAD. RESULTS: Part A: The prevalence of any TBI in the NACC-database EOAD participants (13.3%) was comparable to that observed in the clinic EOAD patients (13.9%) but significantly higher than in the NACC-database LOAD participants (7.7% ; p \< 0.0001) and trended to higher compared to EOAD-matched NC (11.1% ; logistic regression p = 0.053). Part B: When we compared EOAD patients with documented non-acute and non-residually impairing TBI to EOAD without a documented history of prior TBI, those with TBI had significantly more disinhibition. Part C: Autopsies did not reveal differences in AD neuropathology based on a history of TBI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest, but do not establish, that TBI is a specific risk factor for EOAD and may lead to disinhibition, a feature that often results from the frontal effects of head injury. This study recommends further research on the effects of TBI in EOAD in larger numbers of participants.},
keywords = {*Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ferreira, M C; Batista, A M; Marques, L S; Ferreira, F O; Medeiros-Filho, J B; Ramos-Jorge, M L
Retrospective evaluation of tooth injuries and associated factors at a hospital emergency ward Journal Article
In: BMC Oral Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Risk Factors, Soft tissues injuries, Tooth injuries
@article{Ferreira2015,
title = {Retrospective evaluation of tooth injuries and associated factors at a hospital emergency ward},
author = {Ferreira, M C and Batista, A M and Marques, L S and Ferreira, F O and Medeiros-Filho, J B and Ramos-Jorge, M L},
doi = {10.1186/s12903-015-0125-4},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {BMC Oral Health},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
abstract = {Background: The aim of study was to determine the occurrence of tooth injuries and associated factors among patients treated at a hospital emergency ward. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving the analysis of 790 patient charts. The independent variables were gender, place of residence and type of accident. The dependent variable was tooth injury (fractures, concussion, luxation and avulsion). Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, Poisson analysis and logistic regression. Explanatory variables with a p-value \< 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were incorporated into the multivariate model. Results: A total of 681 (86.2 %) patients had tooth injury, among whom 159 (20.1 %) had tooth fractures. Tooth concussion was associated with residence in urban areas (PR = 1.635; 95 % CI: 1.199-2.230), the male gender (PR = 1.673; 95 % CI: 1.225-2.285), violence (PR = 1.940; 95 % CI: 1.263-2.982) and sports (PR = 1.863; 95 % CI: 1.287-2.696). The prevalence rate of tooth fracture was higher among individuals having suffered a motorcycle (PR = 1.597; 95 % CI: 1.295-1.968) or bicycle accident (PR = 1.484; 95 % CI: 1.245-1.769). Victims of bicycle accidents had a 42.6-fold greater chance of suffering luxation (95 % CI: 20.917-86.808) and a threefold greater chance of suffering avulsion (95 % CI: 1.620-5.848). Victims of motorcycle accidents had a 2.96-fold greater chance of suffering avulsion (95 % CI: 1.471-5.937). Conclusions: In the study, concussion was the most frequent type of tooth injury. Motorcycle and bicycle accidents were associated with tooth fractures, luxation and avulsion, whereas sports and violence were associated with dental concussion. The findings on tooth injuries can contribute to public health policies regarding the prevention and health promotion measures. \^{A}© 2015 Ferreira et al.},
keywords = {Risk Factors, Soft tissues injuries, Tooth injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comstock, R D; Currie, D W; Pierpoint, L A; Grubenhoff, J A; Fields, S K
An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 830–837, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Comstock2015,
title = {An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer},
author = {Comstock, R D and Currie, D W and Pierpoint, L A and Grubenhoff, J A and Fields, S K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {169},
number = {9},
pages = {830--837},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Soccer, originally introduced as a safer sport for children and adolescents, has seen a rapid increase in popularity in the United States over the past 3 decades. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of soccer ball heading (when an athlete attempts to play the ball in the air with his or her head) given the rise in concussion rates, with some calling for a ban on heading among soccer players younger than 14 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends over time in boys' and girls' soccer concussions, to identify injury mechanisms commonly leading to concussions, to delineate soccer-specific activities during which most concussions occur, to detail heading-related soccer concussion mechanisms, and to compare concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data collected from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 in a large, nationally representative sample of US high schools. Participants were boys and girls who were high school soccer players. EXPOSURES: Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mechanism and sport-specific activity of concussion. RESULTS: Overall, 627 concussions were sustained during 1,393,753 athlete exposures (AEs) among girls (4.50 concussions per 10,000 AEs), and 442 concussions were sustained during 1,592,238 AEs among boys (2.78 concussions per 10,000 AEs). For boys (68.8%) and girls (51.3%), contact with another player was the most common concussion mechanism. Heading was the most common soccer-specific activity, responsible for 30.6% of boys' concussions and 25.3% of girls' concussions. Contact with another player was the most common mechanism of injury in heading-related concussions among boys (78.1%) and girls (61.9%). There were few differences in concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although heading is the most common activity associated with concussions, the most frequent mechanism was athlete-athlete contact. Such information is needed to drive evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts to effectively reduce soccer-related concussions. Although banning heading from youth soccer would likely prevent some concussions, reducing athlete-athlete contact across all phases of play would likely be a more effective way to prevent concussions as well as other injuries.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strand, S; Lechuga, D; Zachariah, T; Beaulieu, K
Relative risk for concussions in young female soccer players Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Child, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 58–64, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Incidence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Strand2015,
title = {Relative risk for concussions in young female soccer players},
author = {Strand, S and Lechuga, D and Zachariah, T and Beaulieu, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Child},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {58--64},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the relative risk and reported symptoms of concussions in 11- to 13-year-old, female soccer players. For this, a survey to compare the reported incidence of concussion in age-matched female soccer players to nonsoccer players was performed. The survey included 342 girls between the ages of 11 and 13: 195 were involved in an organized soccer team and 147 were not involved in organized soccer but were allowed to participate in any other sport or activity. A total of 94 of the 195 soccer players, or 48%, reported at least one symptom consistent with a concussion. The most prevalent symptom for these girls was headache (84%). A total of 34 of the 147 nonsoccer players, or 23%, reported at least one symptom consistent with a concussion in the previous six months. These results determined that the relative risk of probable concussions among 11- to 13-year-old, female soccer players is 2.09 (p \< .001},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Incidence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Levin, B; Bhardwaj, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal Journal Article
In: Neurocritical Care, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 334–344, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence
@article{Levin2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal},
author = {Levin, B and Bhardwaj, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896549537\&partnerID=40\&md5=138104db42f7ca99527a78bb9c821f59},
doi = {10.1007/s12028-013-9931-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurocritical Care},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {334--344},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) formerly known as dementia pugilistica is a long-term neurodegenerative disorder associated with repeated subconcussive head injuries in high-contact sports. We reviewed the existing literature on CTE and examined epidemiological trends, risk factors, and its temporal progression, and proposed the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may provide unique insights to clinicians with an in-depth understanding of the disease to aid in the diagnosis and prevention, and provide future perspectives for research via search of Medline and Cochrane databases as well as manual review of bibliographies from selected articles and monographs. The prevalence of CTE in recent years is on the rise and almost exclusively affects men, with pathologic signs characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral changes, and violent tendencies with some patients demonstrating Parkinsonian-like symptoms and signs. Many patients with CTE die following suicide, accident, or complications of drug or alcohol use. Postmortem pathologic analysis is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and A$beta$ plaques in 50 % of cases. Currently, there are no ante-mortem diagnostic criteria, but modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tension imaging hold promise for delineating the future diagnostic criteria. Further long-term longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate risk factors that will enhance understanding of the disease progression and its pathogenesis. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.},
keywords = {accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
Concussion in sport: fair play for young people Journal Article
In: Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9904, pp. 1536, 2013.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Humans, Preschool, Risk Factors, Sports, Young Adult
@article{Anonymous2013,
title = {Concussion in sport: fair play for young people},
author = {Anonymous},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Lancet},
volume = {382},
number = {9904},
pages = {1536},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Humans, Preschool, Risk Factors, Sports, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stern, M B
Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease Journal Article
In: Movement Disorders, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 95–97, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Parkinson Disease/et [Etiology], Alzheimer Disease/et [Etiology], Boxing/in [Injuries], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Humans, Risk Factors
@article{Stern1991,
title = {Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease},
author = {Stern, M B},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Movement Disorders},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {95--97},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Parkinson Disease/et [Etiology], Alzheimer Disease/et [Etiology], Boxing/in [Injuries], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Humans, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Horris, Hannah B; Elmer, Carlie; McLeod, Tamara C Valovich
Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2017, ISBN: 19425864.
@article{Horris2017,
title = {Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery},
author = {Horris, Hannah B and Elmer, Carlie and McLeod, Tamara C Valovich},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {39--44},
abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a risk factor for concussion or delayed recovery. However, these recommendations are often based on anecdotal or limited evidence. This critically appraised topic aimed to address the clinical question of whether a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD increases the risk for a concussion and prolonged symptoms. A search strategy using PICO terminology related to the clinical question was conducted in several electronic databases. Seven studies were identified and five met the inclusion criteria. The clinical bottom line suggests there is moderate evidence to support the relationship between patients who are diagnosed as having ADHD and the incident rate of concussion, as well as a prolonged recovery time. The findings of this critically appraised topic suggest strength of recommendation of grade B to support that ADHD is a risk factor for concussion and a predictor of prolonged recovery. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, M W; Womble, M N
American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.
@article{Collins2017,
title = {American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture},
author = {Collins, M W and Womble, M N},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.011},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Surgery},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {16--21},
abstract = {Every year in the United States, 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur secondary to injuries sustained during sports and recreational activities. Major advances have been made in terms of identifying specific clinical profiles following concussion. Nevertheless, there are continued misunderstandings regarding this injury and variable clinical management strategies being employed that may result in protracted recovery periods for youth athletes. Therefore, it is essential that individualized treatment plans target the particular clinical profile(s) present following concussion. Further progress related to management of this injury depends on medical professionals working as part of multidisciplinary teams to provide appropriate education, accurate information, and treatments based on the identified clinical profiles. It is also important for medical professionals of all disciplines to stay vigilant toward future research and practice guidelines given the evolving nature of this injury. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, D C; Sturm, V E; Peterson, M J; Pieper, C F; Bullock, T; Boeve, B F; Miller, B L; Guskiewicz, K M; Berger, M S; Kramer, J H; Welsh-Bohmer, K A
Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 511–526, 2016.
@article{Perry2016,
title = {Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis},
author = {Perry, D C and Sturm, V E and Peterson, M J and Pieper, C F and Bullock, T and Boeve, B F and Miller, B L and Guskiewicz, K M and Berger, M S and Kramer, J H and Welsh-Bohmer, K A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {124},
number = {2},
pages = {511--526},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study's objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with the subsequent diagnosis (that is, at least 1 year postinjury) of neurological or psychiatric disease. METHODS: All studies from January 1995 to February 2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study designs and characteristics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurological and psychiatric diagnoses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the development of any illness subsequent to prior TBI was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44-1.93, p \< 0.0001). Prior TBI was independently associated with both neurological (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.83, p \< 0.0001) and psychiatric (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.50-2.66, p \< 0.0001) outcomes. Analyses of individual diagnoses revealed higher odds of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, mixed affective disorders, and bipolar disorder in individuals with previous TBI as compared to those without TBI. This association was present when examining only studies of mild TBI and when considering the influence of study design and characteristics. Analysis of a subset of studies demonstrated no evidence that multiple TBIs were associated with higher odds of disease than a single TBI. CONCLUSIONS: History of TBI, including mild TBI, is associated with the development of neurological and psychiatric illness. This finding indicates that either TBI is a risk factor for heterogeneous pathological processes or that TBI may contribute to a common pathological mechanism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A
Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.
@article{Nelson2016b,
title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},
author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {142--152},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A
High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.
@article{Custer2016,
title = {High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes},
author = {Custer, A and Sufrinko, A and Elbin, R J and Covassin, T and Collins, M and Kontos, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {136--141},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Some healthy athletes report high levels of baseline concussion symptoms, which may be attributable to several factors (eg, illness, personality, somaticizing). However, the role of baseline symptoms in outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC) has not been empirically examined. OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with high symptom scores at baseline performed worse than athletes without baseline symptoms on neurocognitive testing after SRC. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: High school and collegiate athletic programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 670 high school and collegiate athletes participated in the study. Participants were divided into groups with either no baseline symptoms (Postconcussion Symptom Scale [PCSS] score = 0},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mollayeva, T; Mollayeva, S; Colantonio, A
The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 55, 2016.
@article{Mollayeva2016,
title = {The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Mollayeva, T and Mollayeva, S and Colantonio, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Neurology \& Neuroscience Reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {55},
abstract = {Sleep disorders and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are among the most commonly occurring neurological problems clinicians encounter simultaneously. Each can cause the other, and both share common predisposing factors. An important question that remains to be addressed is whether high-risk groups can be defined. We observed an accumulation of considerable knowledge on sleep dysfunction in mTBI in recently published works. The results highlight sleep disturbances in mTBI as the product of diverse internal and external influences, acting on a genetically determined substrate. This may partially explain the clinical heterogeneity of mTBI, pointing to the importance of establishing an accurate history on the onset and course of a specific sleep disorder in the early stages post-mTBI in the individual patient. Such an approach will aid not only diagnosis and treatment but may also lead to identification of disorders whose symptoms mimic those of TBI and thereby direct the most suitable treatment and management.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heinmiller, L; Gunton, K B
A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome Journal Article
In: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 407–412, 2016.
@article{Heinmiller2016,
title = {A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome},
author = {Heinmiller, L and Gunton, K B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Opinion in Ophthalmology},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {407--412},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Concussions and their related sequelae have received significant attention given the high-profile media coverage from professional sports and recreational leagues. A better understanding of the diagnosis and symptom management may limit the long-term impact these injuries have on the affected individual. The aim of this review is to provide updated information for both diagnosis and ongoing management for visual symptoms of concussions. RECENT FINDINGS: New testing including a brief vestibular/ocular motor screening assessment and the importance of near point of convergence measurements may prove beneficial to the diagnosis and identification of patients at greater risk for developing postconcussion syndrome. Additionally, the development of postconcussion syndrome is more likely when symptom burden is greater upon presentation. SUMMARY: Currently, there is not a single testing method that can universally identify all individuals with concussion. Current management of concussion focuses on targeted treatment based upon symptoms and signs present at onset to decrease disease burden and help restore baseline functioning as soon as possible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
O'Kane, J W
Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play? Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 190–194, 2016.
@article{OKane2016,
title = {Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play?},
author = {O'Kane, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {190--194},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soccer is among the most popular youth sports with over 3 million youth players registered in the U.S. Soccer is unique in that players intentionally use their head to strike the ball, leading to concerns that heading could cause acute or chronic brain injury, especially in the immature brains of children. METHODS: Pub Med search without date restriction was conducted in November 2014 and August 2015 using the terms soccer and concussion, heading and concussion, and youth soccer and concussion. 310 articles were identified and reviewed for applicable content specifically relating to youth athletes, heading, and/or acute or chronic brain injury from soccer. RESULTS: Soccer is a low-risk sport for catastrophic head injury, but concussions are relatively common and heading often plays a role. At all levels of play, concussions are more likely to occur in the act of heading than with other facets of the game. While concussion from heading the ball without other contact to the head appears rare in adult players, some data suggests children are more susceptible to concussion from heading primarily in game situations. Contributing factors include biomechanical forces, less developed technique, and the immature brain's susceptibility to injury. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that heading in youth soccer causes any permanent brain injury and there is limited evidence that heading in youth soccer can cause concussion. A reasonable approach based on U.S. Youth Soccer recommendations is to teach heading after age 10 in controlled settings, and heading in games should be delayed until skill acquisition and physical maturity allow the youth player to head correctly with confidence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, J H; Gill, C; Kuhn, E N; Rocque, B G; Menendez, J Y; O'Neill, J A; Agee, B S; Brown, S T; Crowther, M; Davis, R D; Ferguson, D; Johnston, J M
Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 491–496, 2016.
@article{Miller2016,
title = {Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study},
author = {Miller, J H and Gill, C and Kuhn, E N and Rocque, B G and Menendez, J Y and O'Neill, J A and Agee, B S and Brown, S T and Crowther, M and Davis, R D and Ferguson, D and Johnston, J M},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {491--496},
abstract = {OBJECT Pediatric sports-related concussions are a growing public health concern. The factors that determine injury severity and time to recovery following these concussions are poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that initial symptom severity and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are predictors of prolonged recovery (\> 28 days) after pediatric sports-related concussions. Further analysis of baseline patient characteristics may allow for a more accurate prediction of which patients are at risk for delayed recovery after a sports-related concussion. METHODS The authors performed a single-center retrospective case-control study involving patients cared for at the multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Children's of Alabama between August 2011 and January 2013. Patient demographic data, medical history, sport concussion assessment tool 2 (SCAT2) and symptom severity scores, injury characteristics, and patient balance assessments were analyzed for each outcome group. The control group consisted of patients whose symptoms resolved within 28 days. The case group included patients whose symptoms persisted for more than 28 days. The presence or absence of the SCAT2 assessment had a modifying effect on the risk for delayed recovery; therefore, stratum-specific analyses were conducted for patients with recorded SCAT2 scores and for patients without SCAT2 scores. Unadjusted ORs and adjusted ORs (aORs) for an association of delayed recovery outcome with specific risk factors were calculated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 294 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. The case and control groups did not statistically significantly differ in age (p = 0.7). For the patients who had received SCAT2 assessments, a previous history of concussion (aOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.51-8.95), presenting SCAT2 score \< 80 (aOR 5.58, 95% CI 2.61-11.93), and female sex (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.43-8.49) were all associated with a higher risk for postconcussive symptoms lasting more than 28 days. For patients without SCAT2 scores, female sex and reporting a history of ADHD significantly increased the odds of prolonged recovery (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.93-10.07 and aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.13-13.24, respectively). Concussions resulting from playing a nonhelmet sport were also associated with a higher risk for prolonged symptoms in patients with and without SCAT2 scores (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.28-5.26 and OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99-7.73, respectively). Amnesia, balance abnormalities, and a history of migraines were not associated with symptoms lasting longer than 28 days. CONCLUSIONS This case-control study suggests candidate risk factors for predicting prolonged recovery following sports-related concussion. Large prospective cohort studies of youth athletes examined and treated with standardized protocols will be needed to definitively establish these associations and confirm which children are at highest risk for delayed recovery.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iverson, G L
Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2016.
@article{Iverson2016a,
title = {Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy},
author = {Iverson, G L},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry \& Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {9--16},
abstract = {For nearly 80 years, suicidality was not considered to be a core clinical feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In recent years, suicide has been widely cited as being associated with CTE, and now depression has been proposed to be one of three core diagnostic features alongside cognitive impairment and anger control problems. This evolution of the clinical features has been reinforced by thousands of media stories reporting a connection between mental health problems in former athletes and military veterans, repetitive neurotrauma, and CTE. At present, the science underlying the causal assumption between repetitive neurotrauma, depression, suicide, and the neuropathology believed to be unique to CTE is inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence indicates that former National Football League players, for example, are at lower, not greater, risk for suicide than men in the general population. This article aims to discuss the critical issues and literature relating to these possible relationships.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Register-Mihalik, J K; De Maio, V J; Tibbo-Valeriote, H L; Wooten, J D
Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.
@article{Register-Mihalik2015,
title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},
author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {502--508},
abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biederman, J; Feinberg, L; Chan, J; Adeyemo, B O; Woodworth, K Y; Panis, W; McGrath, N; Bhatnagar, S; Spencer, T J; Uchida, M; Kenworthy, T; Grossman, R; Zafonte, R; Faraone, S V
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, vol. 203, no. 11, pp. 813–819, 2015.
@article{Biederman2015,
title = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes},
author = {Biederman, J and Feinberg, L and Chan, J and Adeyemo, B O and Woodworth, K Y and Panis, W and McGrath, N and Bhatnagar, S and Spencer, T J and Uchida, M and Kenworthy, T and Grossman, R and Zafonte, R and Faraone, S V},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nervous \& Mental Disease},
volume = {203},
number = {11},
pages = {813--819},
abstract = {A recent meta-analysis documented a significant statistical association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Adeyemo et al., 2014), but the direction of this effect was unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that ADHD would be an antecedent risk factor for mTBI. Participants were student athletes ages 12 to 25 who had sustained a mTBI and Controls of similar age and sex selected from studies of youth with and without ADHD. Subjects were assessed for symptoms of ADHD, concussion severity, and cognitive function. mTBI subjects had a significantly higher rate of ADHD than Controls, and in all cases the age of onset of ADHD was before mTBI onset. mTBI+ADHD subjects also had more severe concussion symptoms (fatigue and poor concentration) than mTBI-ADHD subjects. These results support ADHD as an antecedent risk factor for mTBI in student athletes and that its presence complicates the course of mTBI.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K
Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.
@article{Ellis2015ab,
title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},
author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {709--718},
abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, John J; Wendt, John T
The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League Journal Article
In: Journal of Contemporary Athletics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 33–48, 2015, ISBN: 15549933.
@article{Miller2015b,
title = {The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League},
author = {Miller, John J and Wendt, John T},
isbn = {15549933},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Contemporary Athletics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {33--48},
abstract = {At elite levels, such as the National Hockey League (NHL), aggression is considered to be important as a successful strategy. Aggressive players are quickly recognized for their style of play by coaches, management, other players, and fans (Cusimano, Chipman, Volpe, \& Donnelly, 2009). Coupled with the concept that hockey played in the NHL is a fast, collision sport lends itself to the potential of concussions. The speed, hard ice, boards, sticks, pucks, player collisions, body checks, and illegal on-ice activity contribute to the prevalence of concussion (Collins, Fields, \& Comstock, 2008; Goodman \& Williamson, 2009). Additionally, the perceptions that concussions are ==a part of the game'' and the ability to return to play quickly as a sign of ==toughness'' is prevalent. However, an attitude that emphasizes tough of players who can ==heroically brush off'' injuries often compel players to neglect their own safety and health for the game (Cusimano et al, 2009). Concussions have become a considerable issue in sports as occurrence rates have increased (Benson, Meeuwisse, Rizos, Kang, \& Burke, 2011). There may be a number of reasons for the increase of concussions in sport. For example, a concussion is no longer defined as the player losing consciousness (Ellenbogen, Beger, \& Hunt, 2010). However, what were once referred to as ?dings,? ?hits,? or many other less significant-sounding names by athletes are now clearly defined as concussions (Ellenbogen et al., 2010). Yet, many athletes do not recognize their symptoms as being the result of a concussion, nor do they believe that sustaining a concussion is a potentially grave problem (Kaut, DePompei, Kerr, \& Congeni, 2003; Rutherford, Stephens, Potter, \& Fernie, 2005). Such perceptions may change dramatically in the near future as two major lawsuits have been filed against the NHL by former players. In both lawsuits, the players assert that the NHL was negligent in informing them of the high rate of injuries resulting from playing professional hockey, especially the increased risk of brain damage due to concussive and sub-concussive brain trauma. The first section will analyze the litigation against NHL brought by parents of a former player who is deceased. The second section discuss on the need for a paradigm shift of the culture of sport to make hockey safer from the fans as well as the NHL. The third section will focus on the application of risk management in regards to minimized violent behavior in hockey. The last section will address issues of monitoring youth hockey for concussions. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Horris, Hannah B; Elmer, Carlie; McLeod, Tamara C Valovich
Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39–44, 2017, ISBN: 19425864.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE students, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *HIGH school students, *MEDICAL care, *MEDLINE, *PHYSICAL therapy, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, CINAHL (Information retrieval system), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, ONLINE information services, Professional Practice, Risk Factors, SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)
@article{Horris2017,
title = {Premorbid Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Association of Concussion Risk and Prolonged Recovery},
author = {Horris, Hannah B and Elmer, Carlie and McLeod, Tamara C Valovich},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {39--44},
abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a risk factor for concussion or delayed recovery. However, these recommendations are often based on anecdotal or limited evidence. This critically appraised topic aimed to address the clinical question of whether a premorbid diagnosis of ADHD increases the risk for a concussion and prolonged symptoms. A search strategy using PICO terminology related to the clinical question was conducted in several electronic databases. Seven studies were identified and five met the inclusion criteria. The clinical bottom line suggests there is moderate evidence to support the relationship between patients who are diagnosed as having ADHD and the incident rate of concussion, as well as a prolonged recovery time. The findings of this critically appraised topic suggest strength of recommendation of grade B to support that ADHD is a risk factor for concussion and a predictor of prolonged recovery. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE students, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *HIGH school students, *MEDICAL care, *MEDLINE, *PHYSICAL therapy, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, CINAHL (Information retrieval system), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFORMATION storage \& retrieval systems, ONLINE information services, Professional Practice, Risk Factors, SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, M W; Womble, M N
American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular
@article{Collins2017,
title = {American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture},
author = {Collins, M W and Womble, M N},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.10.011},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Surgery},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {16--21},
abstract = {Every year in the United States, 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur secondary to injuries sustained during sports and recreational activities. Major advances have been made in terms of identifying specific clinical profiles following concussion. Nevertheless, there are continued misunderstandings regarding this injury and variable clinical management strategies being employed that may result in protracted recovery periods for youth athletes. Therefore, it is essential that individualized treatment plans target the particular clinical profile(s) present following concussion. Further progress related to management of this injury depends on medical professionals working as part of multidisciplinary teams to provide appropriate education, accurate information, and treatments based on the identified clinical profiles. It is also important for medical professionals of all disciplines to stay vigilant toward future research and practice guidelines given the evolving nature of this injury. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, D C; Sturm, V E; Peterson, M J; Pieper, C F; Bullock, T; Boeve, B F; Miller, B L; Guskiewicz, K M; Berger, M S; Kramer, J H; Welsh-Bohmer, K A
Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 511–526, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Mental Disorders/et [Etiology], *Mental Disorders/px [Psychology], *Nervous System Diseases/et [Etiology], *Nervous System Diseases/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Dementia/et [Etiology], Humans, Risk Factors
@article{Perry2016,
title = {Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis},
author = {Perry, D C and Sturm, V E and Peterson, M J and Pieper, C F and Bullock, T and Boeve, B F and Miller, B L and Guskiewicz, K M and Berger, M S and Kramer, J H and Welsh-Bohmer, K A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {124},
number = {2},
pages = {511--526},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study's objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with the subsequent diagnosis (that is, at least 1 year postinjury) of neurological or psychiatric disease. METHODS: All studies from January 1995 to February 2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study designs and characteristics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurological and psychiatric diagnoses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the development of any illness subsequent to prior TBI was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44-1.93, p \< 0.0001). Prior TBI was independently associated with both neurological (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.83, p \< 0.0001) and psychiatric (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.50-2.66, p \< 0.0001) outcomes. Analyses of individual diagnoses revealed higher odds of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, mixed affective disorders, and bipolar disorder in individuals with previous TBI as compared to those without TBI. This association was present when examining only studies of mild TBI and when considering the influence of study design and characteristics. Analysis of a subset of studies demonstrated no evidence that multiple TBIs were associated with higher odds of disease than a single TBI. CONCLUSIONS: History of TBI, including mild TBI, is associated with the development of neurological and psychiatric illness. This finding indicates that either TBI is a risk factor for heterogeneous pathological processes or that TBI may contribute to a common pathological mechanism.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Mental Disorders/et [Etiology], *Mental Disorders/px [Psychology], *Nervous System Diseases/et [Etiology], *Nervous System Diseases/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Dementia/et [Etiology], Humans, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A
Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors
@article{Nelson2016b,
title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},
author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {142--152},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A
High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Adolescent, Athletes, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, reaction time, Risk Factors, Students
@article{Custer2016,
title = {High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes},
author = {Custer, A and Sufrinko, A and Elbin, R J and Covassin, T and Collins, M and Kontos, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {136--141},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Some healthy athletes report high levels of baseline concussion symptoms, which may be attributable to several factors (eg, illness, personality, somaticizing). However, the role of baseline symptoms in outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC) has not been empirically examined. OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with high symptom scores at baseline performed worse than athletes without baseline symptoms on neurocognitive testing after SRC. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: High school and collegiate athletic programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 670 high school and collegiate athletes participated in the study. Participants were divided into groups with either no baseline symptoms (Postconcussion Symptom Scale [PCSS] score = 0},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Adolescent, Athletes, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, reaction time, Risk Factors, Students},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mollayeva, T; Mollayeva, S; Colantonio, A
The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 55, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Animals, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Brain/pa [Pathology], Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders/ge [Genetics], wakefulness
@article{Mollayeva2016,
title = {The Risk of Sleep Disorder Among Persons with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Mollayeva, T and Mollayeva, S and Colantonio, A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Neurology \& Neuroscience Reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {55},
abstract = {Sleep disorders and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are among the most commonly occurring neurological problems clinicians encounter simultaneously. Each can cause the other, and both share common predisposing factors. An important question that remains to be addressed is whether high-risk groups can be defined. We observed an accumulation of considerable knowledge on sleep dysfunction in mTBI in recently published works. The results highlight sleep disturbances in mTBI as the product of diverse internal and external influences, acting on a genetically determined substrate. This may partially explain the clinical heterogeneity of mTBI, pointing to the importance of establishing an accurate history on the onset and course of a specific sleep disorder in the early stages post-mTBI in the individual patient. Such an approach will aid not only diagnosis and treatment but may also lead to identification of disorders whose symptoms mimic those of TBI and thereby direct the most suitable treatment and management.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Animals, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Brain/pa [Pathology], Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders/ge [Genetics], wakefulness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heinmiller, L; Gunton, K B
A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome Journal Article
In: Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 407–412, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Vision Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], Humans, Ocular Motility Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Ocular Motility Disorders/th [Therapy], Post-Concussion Syndrome/th [Therapy], Risk Factors, Vision Disorders/th [Therapy]
@article{Heinmiller2016,
title = {A review of the current practice in diagnosis and management of visual complaints associated with concussion and postconcussion syndrome},
author = {Heinmiller, L and Gunton, K B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Opinion in Ophthalmology},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {407--412},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Concussions and their related sequelae have received significant attention given the high-profile media coverage from professional sports and recreational leagues. A better understanding of the diagnosis and symptom management may limit the long-term impact these injuries have on the affected individual. The aim of this review is to provide updated information for both diagnosis and ongoing management for visual symptoms of concussions. RECENT FINDINGS: New testing including a brief vestibular/ocular motor screening assessment and the importance of near point of convergence measurements may prove beneficial to the diagnosis and identification of patients at greater risk for developing postconcussion syndrome. Additionally, the development of postconcussion syndrome is more likely when symptom burden is greater upon presentation. SUMMARY: Currently, there is not a single testing method that can universally identify all individuals with concussion. Current management of concussion focuses on targeted treatment based upon symptoms and signs present at onset to decrease disease burden and help restore baseline functioning as soon as possible.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Vision Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], Humans, Ocular Motility Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Ocular Motility Disorders/th [Therapy], Post-Concussion Syndrome/th [Therapy], Risk Factors, Vision Disorders/th [Therapy]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
O'Kane, J W
Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play? Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 190–194, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injury, *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injury, Child, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pc [Prevention & Control], Humans, Risk Factors, UNITED States
@article{OKane2016,
title = {Is Heading in Youth Soccer Dangerous Play?},
author = {O'Kane, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {190--194},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soccer is among the most popular youth sports with over 3 million youth players registered in the U.S. Soccer is unique in that players intentionally use their head to strike the ball, leading to concerns that heading could cause acute or chronic brain injury, especially in the immature brains of children. METHODS: Pub Med search without date restriction was conducted in November 2014 and August 2015 using the terms soccer and concussion, heading and concussion, and youth soccer and concussion. 310 articles were identified and reviewed for applicable content specifically relating to youth athletes, heading, and/or acute or chronic brain injury from soccer. RESULTS: Soccer is a low-risk sport for catastrophic head injury, but concussions are relatively common and heading often plays a role. At all levels of play, concussions are more likely to occur in the act of heading than with other facets of the game. While concussion from heading the ball without other contact to the head appears rare in adult players, some data suggests children are more susceptible to concussion from heading primarily in game situations. Contributing factors include biomechanical forces, less developed technique, and the immature brain's susceptibility to injury. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that heading in youth soccer causes any permanent brain injury and there is limited evidence that heading in youth soccer can cause concussion. A reasonable approach based on U.S. Youth Soccer recommendations is to teach heading after age 10 in controlled settings, and heading in games should be delayed until skill acquisition and physical maturity allow the youth player to head correctly with confidence.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injury, *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injury, Child, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pc [Prevention \& Control], Humans, Risk Factors, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, J H; Gill, C; Kuhn, E N; Rocque, B G; Menendez, J Y; O'Neill, J A; Agee, B S; Brown, S T; Crowther, M; Davis, R D; Ferguson, D; Johnston, J M
Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 491–496, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prognosis, Recovery of Function, Risk Factors
@article{Miller2016,
title = {Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study},
author = {Miller, J H and Gill, C and Kuhn, E N and Rocque, B G and Menendez, J Y and O'Neill, J A and Agee, B S and Brown, S T and Crowther, M and Davis, R D and Ferguson, D and Johnston, J M},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {491--496},
abstract = {OBJECT Pediatric sports-related concussions are a growing public health concern. The factors that determine injury severity and time to recovery following these concussions are poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that initial symptom severity and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are predictors of prolonged recovery (\> 28 days) after pediatric sports-related concussions. Further analysis of baseline patient characteristics may allow for a more accurate prediction of which patients are at risk for delayed recovery after a sports-related concussion. METHODS The authors performed a single-center retrospective case-control study involving patients cared for at the multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Children's of Alabama between August 2011 and January 2013. Patient demographic data, medical history, sport concussion assessment tool 2 (SCAT2) and symptom severity scores, injury characteristics, and patient balance assessments were analyzed for each outcome group. The control group consisted of patients whose symptoms resolved within 28 days. The case group included patients whose symptoms persisted for more than 28 days. The presence or absence of the SCAT2 assessment had a modifying effect on the risk for delayed recovery; therefore, stratum-specific analyses were conducted for patients with recorded SCAT2 scores and for patients without SCAT2 scores. Unadjusted ORs and adjusted ORs (aORs) for an association of delayed recovery outcome with specific risk factors were calculated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 294 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. The case and control groups did not statistically significantly differ in age (p = 0.7). For the patients who had received SCAT2 assessments, a previous history of concussion (aOR 3.67, 95% CI 1.51-8.95), presenting SCAT2 score \< 80 (aOR 5.58, 95% CI 2.61-11.93), and female sex (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.43-8.49) were all associated with a higher risk for postconcussive symptoms lasting more than 28 days. For patients without SCAT2 scores, female sex and reporting a history of ADHD significantly increased the odds of prolonged recovery (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.93-10.07 and aOR 3.87, 95% CI 1.13-13.24, respectively). Concussions resulting from playing a nonhelmet sport were also associated with a higher risk for prolonged symptoms in patients with and without SCAT2 scores (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.28-5.26 and OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99-7.73, respectively). Amnesia, balance abnormalities, and a history of migraines were not associated with symptoms lasting longer than 28 days. CONCLUSIONS This case-control study suggests candidate risk factors for predicting prolonged recovery following sports-related concussion. Large prospective cohort studies of youth athletes examined and treated with standardized protocols will be needed to definitively establish these associations and confirm which children are at highest risk for delayed recovery.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prognosis, Recovery of Function, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Hong, E S
Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 136–137, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities
@article{Rao2016,
title = {Understanding depression and suicide in college athletes: emerging concepts and future directions},
author = {Rao, A L and Hong, E S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {136--137},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Humans, Mental Health, psychology, Risk Factors, Sports, Students, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Iverson, G L
Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injury, *Football/in [Injuries], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/di [Diagnosis], Chronic/ep [Epidemiology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Football/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Suicide/td [Trends]
@article{Iverson2016a,
title = {Suicide and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy},
author = {Iverson, G L},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry \& Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {9--16},
abstract = {For nearly 80 years, suicidality was not considered to be a core clinical feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). In recent years, suicide has been widely cited as being associated with CTE, and now depression has been proposed to be one of three core diagnostic features alongside cognitive impairment and anger control problems. This evolution of the clinical features has been reinforced by thousands of media stories reporting a connection between mental health problems in former athletes and military veterans, repetitive neurotrauma, and CTE. At present, the science underlying the causal assumption between repetitive neurotrauma, depression, suicide, and the neuropathology believed to be unique to CTE is inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence indicates that former National Football League players, for example, are at lower, not greater, risk for suicide than men in the general population. This article aims to discuss the critical issues and literature relating to these possible relationships.},
keywords = {*Brain Injury, *Football/in [Injuries], *Suicide/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/di [Diagnosis], Chronic/ep [Epidemiology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Football/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Suicide/td [Trends]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Register-Mihalik, J K; De Maio, V J; Tibbo-Valeriote, H L; Wooten, J D
Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness
@article{Register-Mihalik2015,
title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},
author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {502--508},
abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biederman, J; Feinberg, L; Chan, J; Adeyemo, B O; Woodworth, K Y; Panis, W; McGrath, N; Bhatnagar, S; Spencer, T J; Uchida, M; Kenworthy, T; Grossman, R; Zafonte, R; Faraone, S V
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, vol. 203, no. 11, pp. 813–819, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep, *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Students, Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/di [, Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Young Adult
@article{Biederman2015,
title = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Student Athletes},
author = {Biederman, J and Feinberg, L and Chan, J and Adeyemo, B O and Woodworth, K Y and Panis, W and McGrath, N and Bhatnagar, S and Spencer, T J and Uchida, M and Kenworthy, T and Grossman, R and Zafonte, R and Faraone, S V},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Nervous \& Mental Disease},
volume = {203},
number = {11},
pages = {813--819},
abstract = {A recent meta-analysis documented a significant statistical association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Adeyemo et al., 2014), but the direction of this effect was unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that ADHD would be an antecedent risk factor for mTBI. Participants were student athletes ages 12 to 25 who had sustained a mTBI and Controls of similar age and sex selected from studies of youth with and without ADHD. Subjects were assessed for symptoms of ADHD, concussion severity, and cognitive function. mTBI subjects had a significantly higher rate of ADHD than Controls, and in all cases the age of onset of ADHD was before mTBI onset. mTBI+ADHD subjects also had more severe concussion symptoms (fatigue and poor concentration) than mTBI-ADHD subjects. These results support ADHD as an antecedent risk factor for mTBI in student athletes and that its presence complicates the course of mTBI.},
keywords = {*Athletes, *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ep, *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Students, Adolescent, adult, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/di [, Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wolanin, A; Gross, M; Hong, E
Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends
@article{Wolanin2015,
title = {Depression in athletes: Prevalence and risk factors},
author = {Wolanin, A and Gross, M and Hong, E},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000123},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {56--60},
abstract = {Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today's adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes. Copyright © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, athletic performance, career, Career Choice, Concussion, DECISION making, depression, distress syndrome, emotional disorder, emotional stress, human, Humans, Mental Health, overtraining syndrome, Prevalence, psychology, risk factor, Risk Factors, social adaptation, social support, sport injury, SPORTS medicine, SPORTS psychology, suicide, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K
Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports
@article{Ellis2015ab,
title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},
author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {709--718},
abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miller, John J; Wendt, John T
The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League Journal Article
In: Journal of Contemporary Athletics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 33–48, 2015, ISBN: 15549933.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN damage, *CONCUSSION policies, *HOCKEY coaches, *HOCKEY players, NATIONAL Hockey League, Risk Factors
@article{Miller2015b,
title = {The concussion crisis in the National Hockey League},
author = {Miller, John J and Wendt, John T},
isbn = {15549933},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Contemporary Athletics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {33--48},
abstract = {At elite levels, such as the National Hockey League (NHL), aggression is considered to be important as a successful strategy. Aggressive players are quickly recognized for their style of play by coaches, management, other players, and fans (Cusimano, Chipman, Volpe, \& Donnelly, 2009). Coupled with the concept that hockey played in the NHL is a fast, collision sport lends itself to the potential of concussions. The speed, hard ice, boards, sticks, pucks, player collisions, body checks, and illegal on-ice activity contribute to the prevalence of concussion (Collins, Fields, \& Comstock, 2008; Goodman \& Williamson, 2009). Additionally, the perceptions that concussions are ==a part of the game'' and the ability to return to play quickly as a sign of ==toughness'' is prevalent. However, an attitude that emphasizes tough of players who can ==heroically brush off'' injuries often compel players to neglect their own safety and health for the game (Cusimano et al, 2009). Concussions have become a considerable issue in sports as occurrence rates have increased (Benson, Meeuwisse, Rizos, Kang, \& Burke, 2011). There may be a number of reasons for the increase of concussions in sport. For example, a concussion is no longer defined as the player losing consciousness (Ellenbogen, Beger, \& Hunt, 2010). However, what were once referred to as ?dings,? ?hits,? or many other less significant-sounding names by athletes are now clearly defined as concussions (Ellenbogen et al., 2010). Yet, many athletes do not recognize their symptoms as being the result of a concussion, nor do they believe that sustaining a concussion is a potentially grave problem (Kaut, DePompei, Kerr, \& Congeni, 2003; Rutherford, Stephens, Potter, \& Fernie, 2005). Such perceptions may change dramatically in the near future as two major lawsuits have been filed against the NHL by former players. In both lawsuits, the players assert that the NHL was negligent in informing them of the high rate of injuries resulting from playing professional hockey, especially the increased risk of brain damage due to concussive and sub-concussive brain trauma. The first section will analyze the litigation against NHL brought by parents of a former player who is deceased. The second section discuss on the need for a paradigm shift of the culture of sport to make hockey safer from the fans as well as the NHL. The third section will focus on the application of risk management in regards to minimized violent behavior in hockey. The last section will address issues of monitoring youth hockey for concussions. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN damage, *CONCUSSION policies, *HOCKEY coaches, *HOCKEY players, NATIONAL Hockey League, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fitch, T; Villanueva, G; Quadir, M M; Sagiraju, H K; Alamgir, H
The prevalence and risk factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among workers injured in Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh Journal Article
In: American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 756–763, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Occupational Diseases/ep [Epidemiology], *Stress Disorders, *Structure Collapse, *Survivors/px [Psychology], *Textile Industry, adult, Bangladesh/ep [Epidemiology], Employment/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marital Status, Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology], ODDS ratio, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Work/px [Psychology], Young Adult
@article{Fitch2015,
title = {The prevalence and risk factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among workers injured in Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh},
author = {Fitch, T and Villanueva, G and Quadir, M M and Sagiraju, H K and Alamgir, H},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Industrial Medicine},
volume = {58},
number = {7},
pages = {756--763},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Prevalence and risk factors of PTSD among injured garment workers who survived a major factory collapse. METHODS: Survivors receiving treatment or rehabilitation care at one year post event were surveyed, which included Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Specific version. RESULTS: The respondents consisted of 181 people with a mean age of 27.8 years and a majority had less than high school education (91.2%). Multivariable logistic regression found that the odds of having PTSD was higher among married (OR: 3.2 [95% CI: 1.3-8.0]), those who used to work more than 70hr/week (OR: 2.4 [1.1-5.3]), workers who used to hold higher job positions (OR: 2.6 [1.2-5.6]) or who had a concussion injury (OR: 3.7 [1.4-9.8]). Among the respondents, 83.4% remained unemployed, and only 57.3% (63 people) reported receiving a quarter or less of what they were promised as compensation. CONCLUSIONS: Probable PTSD was prevalent among surviving workers of the Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh.Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
keywords = {*Occupational Diseases/ep [Epidemiology], *Stress Disorders, *Structure Collapse, *Survivors/px [Psychology], *Textile Industry, adult, Bangladesh/ep [Epidemiology], Employment/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marital Status, Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology], ODDS ratio, Post-Traumatic/ep [Epidemiology, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Work/px [Psychology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elder, G A
Update on TBI and Cognitive Impairment in Military Veterans Journal Article
In: Current Neurology & Neuroscience Reports, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 68, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], *Veterans, Blast Injuries/co [Complications], Blast Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Humans, Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders
@article{Elder2015,
title = {Update on TBI and Cognitive Impairment in Military Veterans},
author = {Elder, G A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Neurology \& Neuroscience Reports},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {68},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in military life. Interest in military TBI has increased recently due to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Certain types of TBI are relatively unique to the military, the most prominent being blast-related TBI. Blast-related mild TBI has been of particular concern in veterans from the most recent conflicts although controversy remains concerning its separation from post-traumatic stress disorder. TBI is also a risk factor for the later development of neurodegenerative diseases in which cognitive impairment is prominent putting veterans at risk for disorders including Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Recent evidence associating TBI with chronic cognitive impairment is reviewed in the context of its relevance to military veterans.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Cognition Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], *Veterans, Blast Injuries/co [Complications], Blast Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Humans, Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Orchard, J W
Match of the decade: risk management of concussion versus high-speed collisions in the football codes Journal Article
In: Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 203, no. 7, pp. 281–282, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/cl [Classification], *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/cl [Classification], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Football/in [Injuries], Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Risk Factors
@article{Orchard2015,
title = {Match of the decade: risk management of concussion versus high-speed collisions in the football codes},
author = {Orchard, J W},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medical Journal of Australia},
volume = {203},
number = {7},
pages = {281--282},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/cl [Classification], *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/cl [Classification], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Football/in [Injuries], Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mendez, M F; Paholpak, P; Lin, A; Zhang, J Y; Teng, E
Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Journal Article
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 985–993, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Mendez2015,
title = {Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease},
author = {Mendez, M F and Paholpak, P and Lin, A and Zhang, J Y and Teng, E},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {985--993},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most established environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if TBI is specifically associated with early-onset AD (EOAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between TBI and EOAD (\<65 years). METHODS: We identified 1,449 EOAD, 4,337 late-onset AD (LOAD), and corresponding EOAD-matched and LOAD-matched normal controls (NC) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) database and compared the prevalence of any history of TBI as well as measures of cognition, function, behavior, and neuropathology. For validation, we determined TBI prevalence among 115 well-characterized clinic patients with EOAD. RESULTS: Part A: The prevalence of any TBI in the NACC-database EOAD participants (13.3%) was comparable to that observed in the clinic EOAD patients (13.9%) but significantly higher than in the NACC-database LOAD participants (7.7% ; p \< 0.0001) and trended to higher compared to EOAD-matched NC (11.1% ; logistic regression p = 0.053). Part B: When we compared EOAD patients with documented non-acute and non-residually impairing TBI to EOAD without a documented history of prior TBI, those with TBI had significantly more disinhibition. Part C: Autopsies did not reveal differences in AD neuropathology based on a history of TBI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest, but do not establish, that TBI is a specific risk factor for EOAD and may lead to disinhibition, a feature that often results from the frontal effects of head injury. This study recommends further research on the effects of TBI in EOAD in larger numbers of participants.},
keywords = {*Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ferreira, M C; Batista, A M; Marques, L S; Ferreira, F O; Medeiros-Filho, J B; Ramos-Jorge, M L
Retrospective evaluation of tooth injuries and associated factors at a hospital emergency ward Journal Article
In: BMC Oral Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Risk Factors, Soft tissues injuries, Tooth injuries
@article{Ferreira2015,
title = {Retrospective evaluation of tooth injuries and associated factors at a hospital emergency ward},
author = {Ferreira, M C and Batista, A M and Marques, L S and Ferreira, F O and Medeiros-Filho, J B and Ramos-Jorge, M L},
doi = {10.1186/s12903-015-0125-4},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {BMC Oral Health},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
abstract = {Background: The aim of study was to determine the occurrence of tooth injuries and associated factors among patients treated at a hospital emergency ward. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving the analysis of 790 patient charts. The independent variables were gender, place of residence and type of accident. The dependent variable was tooth injury (fractures, concussion, luxation and avulsion). Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, Poisson analysis and logistic regression. Explanatory variables with a p-value \< 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were incorporated into the multivariate model. Results: A total of 681 (86.2 %) patients had tooth injury, among whom 159 (20.1 %) had tooth fractures. Tooth concussion was associated with residence in urban areas (PR = 1.635; 95 % CI: 1.199-2.230), the male gender (PR = 1.673; 95 % CI: 1.225-2.285), violence (PR = 1.940; 95 % CI: 1.263-2.982) and sports (PR = 1.863; 95 % CI: 1.287-2.696). The prevalence rate of tooth fracture was higher among individuals having suffered a motorcycle (PR = 1.597; 95 % CI: 1.295-1.968) or bicycle accident (PR = 1.484; 95 % CI: 1.245-1.769). Victims of bicycle accidents had a 42.6-fold greater chance of suffering luxation (95 % CI: 20.917-86.808) and a threefold greater chance of suffering avulsion (95 % CI: 1.620-5.848). Victims of motorcycle accidents had a 2.96-fold greater chance of suffering avulsion (95 % CI: 1.471-5.937). Conclusions: In the study, concussion was the most frequent type of tooth injury. Motorcycle and bicycle accidents were associated with tooth fractures, luxation and avulsion, whereas sports and violence were associated with dental concussion. The findings on tooth injuries can contribute to public health policies regarding the prevention and health promotion measures. \^{A}© 2015 Ferreira et al.},
keywords = {Risk Factors, Soft tissues injuries, Tooth injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comstock, R D; Currie, D W; Pierpoint, L A; Grubenhoff, J A; Fields, S K
An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 830–837, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Comstock2015,
title = {An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer},
author = {Comstock, R D and Currie, D W and Pierpoint, L A and Grubenhoff, J A and Fields, S K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {169},
number = {9},
pages = {830--837},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Soccer, originally introduced as a safer sport for children and adolescents, has seen a rapid increase in popularity in the United States over the past 3 decades. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of soccer ball heading (when an athlete attempts to play the ball in the air with his or her head) given the rise in concussion rates, with some calling for a ban on heading among soccer players younger than 14 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends over time in boys' and girls' soccer concussions, to identify injury mechanisms commonly leading to concussions, to delineate soccer-specific activities during which most concussions occur, to detail heading-related soccer concussion mechanisms, and to compare concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data collected from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 in a large, nationally representative sample of US high schools. Participants were boys and girls who were high school soccer players. EXPOSURES: Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mechanism and sport-specific activity of concussion. RESULTS: Overall, 627 concussions were sustained during 1,393,753 athlete exposures (AEs) among girls (4.50 concussions per 10,000 AEs), and 442 concussions were sustained during 1,592,238 AEs among boys (2.78 concussions per 10,000 AEs). For boys (68.8%) and girls (51.3%), contact with another player was the most common concussion mechanism. Heading was the most common soccer-specific activity, responsible for 30.6% of boys' concussions and 25.3% of girls' concussions. Contact with another player was the most common mechanism of injury in heading-related concussions among boys (78.1%) and girls (61.9%). There were few differences in concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although heading is the most common activity associated with concussions, the most frequent mechanism was athlete-athlete contact. Such information is needed to drive evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts to effectively reduce soccer-related concussions. Although banning heading from youth soccer would likely prevent some concussions, reducing athlete-athlete contact across all phases of play would likely be a more effective way to prevent concussions as well as other injuries.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strand, S; Lechuga, D; Zachariah, T; Beaulieu, K
Relative risk for concussions in young female soccer players Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Child, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 58–64, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Incidence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Strand2015,
title = {Relative risk for concussions in young female soccer players},
author = {Strand, S and Lechuga, D and Zachariah, T and Beaulieu, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Child},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {58--64},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the relative risk and reported symptoms of concussions in 11- to 13-year-old, female soccer players. For this, a survey to compare the reported incidence of concussion in age-matched female soccer players to nonsoccer players was performed. The survey included 342 girls between the ages of 11 and 13: 195 were involved in an organized soccer team and 147 were not involved in organized soccer but were allowed to participate in any other sport or activity. A total of 94 of the 195 soccer players, or 48%, reported at least one symptom consistent with a concussion. The most prevalent symptom for these girls was headache (84%). A total of 34 of the 147 nonsoccer players, or 23%, reported at least one symptom consistent with a concussion in the previous six months. These results determined that the relative risk of probable concussions among 11- to 13-year-old, female soccer players is 2.09 (p \< .001},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Incidence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Levin, B; Bhardwaj, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal Journal Article
In: Neurocritical Care, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 334–344, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence
@article{Levin2014,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical appraisal},
author = {Levin, B and Bhardwaj, A},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896549537\&partnerID=40\&md5=138104db42f7ca99527a78bb9c821f59},
doi = {10.1007/s12028-013-9931-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Neurocritical Care},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {334--344},
abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) formerly known as dementia pugilistica is a long-term neurodegenerative disorder associated with repeated subconcussive head injuries in high-contact sports. We reviewed the existing literature on CTE and examined epidemiological trends, risk factors, and its temporal progression, and proposed the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may provide unique insights to clinicians with an in-depth understanding of the disease to aid in the diagnosis and prevention, and provide future perspectives for research via search of Medline and Cochrane databases as well as manual review of bibliographies from selected articles and monographs. The prevalence of CTE in recent years is on the rise and almost exclusively affects men, with pathologic signs characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral changes, and violent tendencies with some patients demonstrating Parkinsonian-like symptoms and signs. Many patients with CTE die following suicide, accident, or complications of drug or alcohol use. Postmortem pathologic analysis is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and A$beta$ plaques in 50 % of cases. Currently, there are no ante-mortem diagnostic criteria, but modern imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tension imaging hold promise for delineating the future diagnostic criteria. Further long-term longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate risk factors that will enhance understanding of the disease progression and its pathogenesis. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.},
keywords = {accident, alcohol consumption, amnesia, amyloid plaque, animal, Animals, Athletic Injuries, autopsy, behavior change, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Dementia, complication, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, disease course, Encephalopathy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, human, Humans, longitudinal study, Male, Neurodegenerative, Neurodegenerative Diseases, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Parkinsonism, pathogenesis, pathology, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, priority journal, Pugilistic, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, sport injury, suicide, Systematic Review, traumatic brain injury, violence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
Concussion in sport: fair play for young people Journal Article
In: Lancet, vol. 382, no. 9904, pp. 1536, 2013.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Humans, Preschool, Risk Factors, Sports, Young Adult
@article{Anonymous2013,
title = {Concussion in sport: fair play for young people},
author = {Anonymous},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Lancet},
volume = {382},
number = {9904},
pages = {1536},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Humans, Preschool, Risk Factors, Sports, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stern, M B
Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease Journal Article
In: Movement Disorders, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 95–97, 1991.
BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Parkinson Disease/et [Etiology], Alzheimer Disease/et [Etiology], Boxing/in [Injuries], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Humans, Risk Factors
@article{Stern1991,
title = {Head trauma as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease},
author = {Stern, M B},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {Movement Disorders},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {95--97},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Parkinson Disease/et [Etiology], Alzheimer Disease/et [Etiology], Boxing/in [Injuries], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Humans, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}