Léveillé, E; Guay, S; Blais, C; Scherzer, P; De Beaumont, L
Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65–77, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Concussion, depression, Emotional facial expression, Gender Differences, Sport
@article{Leveille2017,
title = {Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes},
author = {L\'{e}veill\'{e}, E and Guay, S and Blais, C and Scherzer, P and {De Beaumont}, L},
doi = {10.1017/S1355617716001004},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {65--77},
abstract = {Objectives: Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. Although the cumulative and long-term effects of multiple concussions are now well documented on cognitive and motor function, little is known about their effects on emotion recognition. Recent studies have suggested that concussion can result in emotional sequelae, particularly in females and multi-concussed athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in emotion recognition in asymptomatic male and female multi-concussed athletes. Methods: We tested 28 control athletes (15 males) and 22 multi-concussed athletes (10 males) more than a year since the last concussion. Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a neuropsychological test battery and a morphed emotion recognition task. Pictures of a male face expressing basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) morphed with another emotion were randomly presented. After each face presentation, participants were asked to indicate the emotion expressed by the face. Results: Results revealed significant sex by group interactions in accuracy and intensity threshold for negative emotions, together with significant main effects of emotion and group. Conclusions: Male concussed athletes were significantly impaired in recognizing negative emotions and needed more emotional intensity to correctly identify these emotions, compared to same-sex controls. In contrast, female concussed athletes performed similarly to same-sex controls. These findings suggest that sex significantly modulates concussion effects on emotional facial expression recognition. © 2016 The International Neuropsychological Society.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Concussion, depression, Emotional facial expression, Gender Differences, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Baugh, C M; Stein, C J; Austin, S B; Calzo, J P
Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults Journal Article
In: Journal of Adolescence, vol. 54, pp. 110–119, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: college, Concussion, gender, Help-seeking, Sport
@article{Kroshus2017,
title = {Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults},
author = {Kroshus, E and Baugh, C M and Stein, C J and Austin, S B and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.002},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Adolescence},
volume = {54},
pages = {110--119},
abstract = {This study assessed whether between-sex differences in concussion reporting intention and behavior among young adults are explained by the extent to which the individual conforms to traditional masculine norms that often characterize contemporary sport culture. A survey of college athletes in the United States (n = 328) found greater symptom reporting intention among females as compared to males, but no difference in their likelihood continued play while experiencing symptoms of a possible concussion. Greater conformity to the norms of risk-taking was associated with greater likelihood of continued play while symptomatic among female athletes but not among male athletes. These findings suggest that gendered behavior, rather than biologically determined sex, is an important consideration for concussion safety in this age group. Addressing elements of the contemporary sport ethos that reinforce risk taking in service of athletic achievement may be a relevant direction for interventions aimed at improving injury reporting among all athletes. © 2016},
keywords = {college, Concussion, gender, Help-seeking, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Weise, K K; Swanson, M W; Penix, K; Hale, M H; Ferguson, D
King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes Journal Article
In: Optometry and Vision Science, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 89–95, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Alignment, Concussion, Convergence, Correlation coefficient, cross-sectional study, King-Devick, Ophthalmology, Optometers, Pupil function, Pupillometer, Repeated Measures, Sport, Time-differences, Vision screening, visual acuity, Visual functions
@article{Weise2017,
title = {King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes},
author = {Weise, K K and Swanson, M W and Penix, K and Hale, M H and Ferguson, D},
doi = {10.1097/OPX.0000000000000938},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Optometry and Vision Science},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
pages = {89--95},
abstract = {Purpose The King-Devick test (KD) has been studied as a remove-from-play sideline test in college-age athletes and older; however, studies in younger athletes are limited. A cross-sectional study of the KD and other vision correlates was completed on school-aged athletes during pre-season physicals for a variety of sports to determine the repeatability of the KD. The study also evaluated how convergence, alignment, or pupil function contributed to a slower King-Devick baseline reading. Methods Seven hundred eighty-five athletes underwent vision screenings in a hospital or school setting by trained/certified staff as part of pre-season physicals. Six hundred nineteen had KD testing completed per the manufacturer's suggested protocol and repeated. Other baseline vision testing included visual acuity, Modified Thorington testing for alignment, convergence testing, and pupil function using the NeurOptics (NPI-200) NPi. Results The mean fastest, error-minimized KD time for all participants was 43.9 seconds(s) (SD ± 11.6, range 24-120). Median KD time got faster (+) with age (p \< 0.0001). The inter-class correlation coefficient for all scores was 0.92. The absolute mean time difference for any two tests was 3.5 s (SD ± 2.5, range 0-23). There was no association between the best KD time and reduced NPC (p = 0.63), Modified Thorington measure of alignment (p = 0.55), or NPi pupil function (p = 0.79). The Bland Altman repeated measure limits of agreement was ±6.5 seconds for those in the 10th to12th grades, and ±10.2 seconds for those in the 6th to 9th grades. Conclusions King-Devick score in junior high and high school athletes is variable but gets faster and more repeatable with increasing age. The KD does not correlate significantly with reduced convergence, alignment, or pupil function. Based on grouped data, a slowing of 10 seconds for younger athletes and 6 seconds for older athletes on a second administration represents a true difference in testing speed. Within-player variability should be considered when removal-from-play decisions are influenced by KD results. © 2016 American Academy of Optometry.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Alignment, Concussion, Convergence, Correlation coefficient, cross-sectional study, King-Devick, Ophthalmology, Optometers, Pupil function, Pupillometer, Repeated Measures, Sport, Time-differences, Vision screening, visual acuity, Visual functions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halim, A; Lamikanra, O E; Sutton, K
Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors Journal Article
In: American Journal of Orthopedics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 12–15, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: adverse effects, anterior cruciate ligament, Athletic Injuries, Bone Diseases, brain concussion, caloric restriction, Female, human, Humans, Injuries, legislation and jurisprudence, malnutrition, Menstruation Disturbances, Metabolic, Nutrition Disorders, patient safety, pregnancy, prevention and control, sexism, SOCIAL justice, social problem, Social Problems, Sport, Sports, standards, Syndrome, UNITED States
@article{Halim2016,
title = {Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors},
author = {Halim, A and Lamikanra, O E and Sutton, K},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {12--15},
keywords = {adverse effects, anterior cruciate ligament, Athletic Injuries, Bone Diseases, brain concussion, caloric restriction, Female, human, Humans, Injuries, legislation and jurisprudence, malnutrition, Menstruation Disturbances, Metabolic, Nutrition Disorders, patient safety, pregnancy, prevention and control, sexism, SOCIAL justice, social problem, Social Problems, Sport, Sports, standards, Syndrome, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kontos, A P; Sufrinko, A; Womble, M; Kegel, N
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 20, no. 6, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Baseline, brain function, Computerized assessment battery, computerized neuropsychological test, Concussion, evidence based practice, human, MEDICAL research, Neurocognitive tests, Neuropsychological evaluation, neuropsychological test, paper and pencil neuropsychological test, psychologic assessment, reliability, Review, Sport, TASK performance
@article{Kontos2016b,
title = {Neuropsychological Assessment Following Concussion: an Evidence‐Based Review of the Role of Neuropsychological Assessment Pre- and Post-Concussion},
author = {Kontos, A P and Sufrinko, A and Womble, M and Kegel, N},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-016-0571-y},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
abstract = {Neuropsychological evaluation is one component of a comprehensive and multifaceted assessment following concussion. Although some neuropsychologists use a “hybrid” assessment approach integrating computerized neurocognitive testing batteries with traditional paper and pencil tests, computerized neurocognitive test batteries are the predominant testing modality for assessment of athletes from the youth to professional level. This review summarizes the most recent research supporting the utility of neuropsychological evaluation and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both computerized and traditional neuropsychological testing approaches. The most up to date research and guidelines on baseline neurocognitive testing is also discussed. This paper addresses concerns regarding reliability of neuropsychological testing while providing an overview of factors that influence test performance, both transient situational factors (e.g., pain level, anxiety) and characteristics of particular subgroups (e.g., age, preexisting learning disabilities), warranting the expertise of an experienced neuropsychologist for interpretation. Currently, research is moving forward by integrating neuropsychological evaluation with emerging assessment approaches for other domains of brain function (e.g., vestibular function) vulnerable to concussion. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {Baseline, brain function, Computerized assessment battery, computerized neuropsychological test, Concussion, evidence based practice, human, MEDICAL research, Neurocognitive tests, Neuropsychological evaluation, neuropsychological test, paper and pencil neuropsychological test, psychologic assessment, reliability, Review, Sport, TASK performance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Gillard, D; Haarbauer‐Krupa, J; Goldman, R E; Bickham, D S
Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study Journal Article
In: Child: Care, Health and Development, 2016, ISBN: 0305-1862 1365-2214.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, Brain Injury, children, Concussion, No terms assigned, Parents, Sport
@article{Kroshus2016b,
title = {Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study},
author = {Kroshus, E and Gillard, D and Haarbauer‐Krupa, J and Goldman, R E and Bickham, D S},
doi = {10.1111/cch.12433},
isbn = {0305-1862
1365-2214},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Child: Care, Health and Development},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Background Concussion education for children early in their participation in organized sport may help shape lasting attitudes about concussion safety. However, existing programming and research focus on older ages. Methods Qualitative interviews about concussions were conducted with twenty children between the ages of six and eight. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding were used to organize the transcribed interviews and identify emergent themes. Results Eighteen of the participants indicated that they had heard of the word concussion, with 12 describing the injury as related to the brain or head. The most frequently described mechanisms of injury were impacts to the head or falls, and symptoms tended to be somatic, such as generalized pain. The most frequently endorsed strategy to avoid sustaining a concussion was to ‘follow the rules.’ Multiple participants referenced parents as an informal source of information about concussions. Conclusions While most participants demonstrated some awareness about concussions, there were clear knowledge gaps that can be addressed with developmentally appropriate concussion education programming. Consistent with their developmental stage, interventions targeted at children in this age range may be most successful if they use basic logic, concrete ideas, provide rules to be followed and engage parents in dissemination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, Brain Injury, children, Concussion, No terms assigned, Parents, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Muise, D P; MacKenzie, S J; Sutherland, T M
Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season Journal Article
In: International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 36–41, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biomechanics, Concussion, mTBI, Sport
@article{Muise2016,
title = {Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season},
author = {Muise, D P and MacKenzie, S J and Sutherland, T M},
doi = {10.1123/ijatt.2016-0005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Athletic Therapy \& Training},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {36--41},
abstract = {The increased awareness of concussion in sport has led to an examination of head impacts and the associated biomechanics that occur during these sporting events. The high rate of concussions in football makes it particularly relevant.1 The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently, and to what magnitude, Canadian University football players get hit in training camp and how this compares to practices and games in regular season. An ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that, on average, players were hit significantly more in games (45.2 hits) than training camp sessions (17.7 hits) and practices (8.0 hits), while training camp was associated with significantly more hits than practices (p \<. 001, $eta$2 =.392). Multiple positional differences were found. In particular, significantly more hits were experienced by offensive linemen (36.7 hits) and defensive linemen (31.6 hits) compared with all other positions (p \<.001, $eta$2 =.247). Study outcomes determined players/positions most at risk for concussion due to head impacts, which is beneficial in forming concussion prevention and assessment strategies. © 2016 Human Kinetics \textendashIJATT.},
keywords = {Biomechanics, Concussion, mTBI, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tierney, Gregory J; Lawler, John; Denvir, Karl; McQuilkin, Kurt; Simms, Ciaran K
Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1350–1361, 2016, ISBN: 0269-9052 1362-301X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, brain concussion, Sport, statistical analysis, traumatic brain injury, Video analysis
@article{Tierney2016,
title = {Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union},
author = {Tierney, Gregory J and Lawler, John and Denvir, Karl and McQuilkin, Kurt and Simms, Ciaran K},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1193630},
isbn = {0269-9052
1362-301X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1350--1361},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Primary objectives: To conduct video and statistical analysis on Rugby Union play, focusing mainly on the tackle, to establish the player to player configurations for significant direct head impacts and non-direct head impacts. Research design: Quantitative, observational cohort study. Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 52 significant direct head impacts (31 Tackle, 10 Ruck, 7 Dive and 4 Ground) and 40 non-direct head impact tackles from 2014/15 International Rugby Union matches. Relative risk, 95% CI and p-values were calculated for a range of tackle variables. Main outcome and results: Upper body tackles and lower body tackles accounted for 37% (19) and 23% (12) of cases, respectively, with the tackler as the head impacted player for 97% (30) of cases. The majority (81%) of tackle-related significant direct head impacts occurred in the second half of the game, with 63% of upper body tackle significant direct head impacts occurring in the final quarter. Tackler head placement and high speed tackles had statistical significance for causing tackle related significant direct head impacts as well as foot planting and difference in tackler and ball carrier mass for upper body tackles and ball carrier change in direction for lower body tackles. Conclusion: Tackle variables that statistically increased the risk of significant direct head impact were identified, which can aid player protection strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, brain concussion, Sport, statistical analysis, traumatic brain injury, Video analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B R; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking Journal Article
In: Health Education & Behavior, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 442–451, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: bystander, Concussion, Education, Norms, Sport
@article{Kroshus2016ab,
title = {Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B R and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1177/1090198115602676},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Health Education \& Behavior},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {442--451},
abstract = {Concussion underreporting contributes to the substantial public health burden of concussions from sport. Teammates may be able to play an important role in encouraging injury identification and help seeking. This study assessed whether there was an association between beliefs about the consequences of continued play with a concussion and intentions to engage as a proactive bystander in facilitating or encouraging teammate help seeking for a possible concussion. Participants were 328 (male and female) members of 19 U.S. collegiate contact or collision sports teams. Athletes who believed that there were negative health or performance consequences of continued play with a concussion were significantly more likely than their peers to intend to encourage teammate help seeking, but not more likely to alert a coach or medical personnel. Additionally, athletes who believed that their teammates were more supportive of concussion safety were more likely to intend to engage as proactive bystanders in encouraging teammate help seeking. Exploring how to encourage bystander promotion of concussion safety is an important direction for future programming and evaluation research and may provide an opportunity to improve the effectiveness of concussion education. © 2015, © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.},
keywords = {bystander, Concussion, Education, Norms, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andre, J B
Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials Journal Article
In: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 275–287, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arterial spin labeling, artery blood flow, artifact, brain, brain blood flow, brain circulation, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, brain perfusion, Cerebrovascular Circulation, clinical classification, Concussion, echo planar imaging, gray matter, human, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, mild traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, pathology, positron emission tomography, priority journal, procedures, Review, single photon emission computer tomography, spin labeling, Spin Labels, Sport, Sports-related concussion, symptom, traumatic brain injury, white matter
@article{Andre2015,
title = {Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials},
author = {Andre, J B},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {275--287},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including concussion, is a public health concern, as it affects over 1.7 million persons in the United States per year. Yet, the diagnosis of TBI, particularly mild TBI (mTBI), can be controversial, as neuroimaging findings can be sparse on conventional magnetic resonance and computed tomography examinations, and when present, often poorly correlate with clinical signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the discussion of TBI, concussion, and head impact exposure is immediately complicated by the many differing opinions of what constitutes each, their respective severities, and how the underlying biomechanics of the inciting head impact might alter the distribution, severity, and prognosis of the underlying brain injury. Advanced imaging methodologies hold promise in improving the sensitivity and detectability of associated imaging biomarkers that might better correlate with patient outcome and prognostication, allowing for improved triage and therapeutic guidance in the setting of TBI, particularly in mTBI. This work will examine the defining symptom complex associated with mTBI and explore changes in cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling, as a potential imaging biomarker for TBI, and briefly correlate these observations with findings identified by single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging.. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Arterial spin labeling, artery blood flow, artifact, brain, brain blood flow, brain circulation, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, brain perfusion, Cerebrovascular Circulation, clinical classification, Concussion, echo planar imaging, gray matter, human, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, mild traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, pathology, positron emission tomography, priority journal, procedures, Review, single photon emission computer tomography, spin labeling, Spin Labels, Sport, Sports-related concussion, symptom, traumatic brain injury, white matter},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mirabelli, M H; Devine, M J; Singh, J; Mendoza, M
The preparticipation sports evaluation Journal Article
In: American Family Physician, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 371–376, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis
@article{Mirabelli2015,
title = {The preparticipation sports evaluation},
author = {Mirabelli, M H and Devine, M J and Singh, J and Mendoza, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Family Physician},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {371--376},
abstract = {The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents morbidity and mortality associated with sports, it may detect conditions that predispose the athlete to injury or illness and can provide strategies to prevent injuries. Clearance depends on the outcome of the evaluation and the type of sport (and sometimes position or event) in which the athlete participates. All persons undergoing a preparticipation physical evaluation should be questioned about exertional symptoms, presence of a heart murmur, symptoms of Marfan syndrome, and family history of premature serious cardiac conditions or sudden death. The physical examination should focus on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. U.S. medical and athletic organizations discourage screening electrocardiography and blood and urine testing in asymptomatic patients. Further evaluation should be considered for persons with heart or lung disease, bleeding disorders, musculoskeletal problems, history of concussion, or other neurologic disorders. © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians.},
keywords = {Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Rieman, W; Lichtenstein, J; Condiracci, C
Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 273–278, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome
@article{Maerlender2015a,
title = {Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study},
author = {Maerlender, A and Rieman, W and Lichtenstein, J and Condiracci, C},
doi = {10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Although no data exist, general practice recommends only rest following concussion. This randomized clinical trial found that programmed physical exertion during recovery produced no significant differences in recovery time between groups of participants. However, high levels of exertion were deleterious. This study provides initial evidence that moderate physical activity is a safe replacement behavior during recovery. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phillips, S; Woessner, D
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 243–248, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed
@article{Phillips2015b,
title = {Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Phillips, S and Woessner, D},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.010},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {243--248},
abstract = {Concussions have garnered more attention in the medical literature, media, and social media. As such, in the nomenclature according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the term concussion has been supplanted by the term mild traumatic brain injury. Current numbers indicate that 1.7 million TBIs are documented annually, with estimates around 3 million annually (173,285 sports- and recreation-related TBIs among children and adolescents). The Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and the NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool are commonly used sideline tools. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Léveillé, E; Guay, S; Blais, C; Scherzer, P; De Beaumont, L
Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65–77, 2017.
@article{Leveille2017,
title = {Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes},
author = {L\'{e}veill\'{e}, E and Guay, S and Blais, C and Scherzer, P and {De Beaumont}, L},
doi = {10.1017/S1355617716001004},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {65--77},
abstract = {Objectives: Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. Although the cumulative and long-term effects of multiple concussions are now well documented on cognitive and motor function, little is known about their effects on emotion recognition. Recent studies have suggested that concussion can result in emotional sequelae, particularly in females and multi-concussed athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in emotion recognition in asymptomatic male and female multi-concussed athletes. Methods: We tested 28 control athletes (15 males) and 22 multi-concussed athletes (10 males) more than a year since the last concussion. Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a neuropsychological test battery and a morphed emotion recognition task. Pictures of a male face expressing basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) morphed with another emotion were randomly presented. After each face presentation, participants were asked to indicate the emotion expressed by the face. Results: Results revealed significant sex by group interactions in accuracy and intensity threshold for negative emotions, together with significant main effects of emotion and group. Conclusions: Male concussed athletes were significantly impaired in recognizing negative emotions and needed more emotional intensity to correctly identify these emotions, compared to same-sex controls. In contrast, female concussed athletes performed similarly to same-sex controls. These findings suggest that sex significantly modulates concussion effects on emotional facial expression recognition. © 2016 The International Neuropsychological Society.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Baugh, C M; Stein, C J; Austin, S B; Calzo, J P
Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults Journal Article
In: Journal of Adolescence, vol. 54, pp. 110–119, 2017.
@article{Kroshus2017,
title = {Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults},
author = {Kroshus, E and Baugh, C M and Stein, C J and Austin, S B and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.002},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Adolescence},
volume = {54},
pages = {110--119},
abstract = {This study assessed whether between-sex differences in concussion reporting intention and behavior among young adults are explained by the extent to which the individual conforms to traditional masculine norms that often characterize contemporary sport culture. A survey of college athletes in the United States (n = 328) found greater symptom reporting intention among females as compared to males, but no difference in their likelihood continued play while experiencing symptoms of a possible concussion. Greater conformity to the norms of risk-taking was associated with greater likelihood of continued play while symptomatic among female athletes but not among male athletes. These findings suggest that gendered behavior, rather than biologically determined sex, is an important consideration for concussion safety in this age group. Addressing elements of the contemporary sport ethos that reinforce risk taking in service of athletic achievement may be a relevant direction for interventions aimed at improving injury reporting among all athletes. © 2016},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Weise, K K; Swanson, M W; Penix, K; Hale, M H; Ferguson, D
King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes Journal Article
In: Optometry and Vision Science, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 89–95, 2017.
@article{Weise2017,
title = {King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes},
author = {Weise, K K and Swanson, M W and Penix, K and Hale, M H and Ferguson, D},
doi = {10.1097/OPX.0000000000000938},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Optometry and Vision Science},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
pages = {89--95},
abstract = {Purpose The King-Devick test (KD) has been studied as a remove-from-play sideline test in college-age athletes and older; however, studies in younger athletes are limited. A cross-sectional study of the KD and other vision correlates was completed on school-aged athletes during pre-season physicals for a variety of sports to determine the repeatability of the KD. The study also evaluated how convergence, alignment, or pupil function contributed to a slower King-Devick baseline reading. Methods Seven hundred eighty-five athletes underwent vision screenings in a hospital or school setting by trained/certified staff as part of pre-season physicals. Six hundred nineteen had KD testing completed per the manufacturer's suggested protocol and repeated. Other baseline vision testing included visual acuity, Modified Thorington testing for alignment, convergence testing, and pupil function using the NeurOptics (NPI-200) NPi. Results The mean fastest, error-minimized KD time for all participants was 43.9 seconds(s) (SD ± 11.6, range 24-120). Median KD time got faster (+) with age (p \< 0.0001). The inter-class correlation coefficient for all scores was 0.92. The absolute mean time difference for any two tests was 3.5 s (SD ± 2.5, range 0-23). There was no association between the best KD time and reduced NPC (p = 0.63), Modified Thorington measure of alignment (p = 0.55), or NPi pupil function (p = 0.79). The Bland Altman repeated measure limits of agreement was ±6.5 seconds for those in the 10th to12th grades, and ±10.2 seconds for those in the 6th to 9th grades. Conclusions King-Devick score in junior high and high school athletes is variable but gets faster and more repeatable with increasing age. The KD does not correlate significantly with reduced convergence, alignment, or pupil function. Based on grouped data, a slowing of 10 seconds for younger athletes and 6 seconds for older athletes on a second administration represents a true difference in testing speed. Within-player variability should be considered when removal-from-play decisions are influenced by KD results. © 2016 American Academy of Optometry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halim, A; Lamikanra, O E; Sutton, K
Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors Journal Article
In: American Journal of Orthopedics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 12–15, 2016.
@article{Halim2016,
title = {Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors},
author = {Halim, A and Lamikanra, O E and Sutton, K},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {12--15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kontos, A P; Sufrinko, A; Womble, M; Kegel, N
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 20, no. 6, 2016.
@article{Kontos2016b,
title = {Neuropsychological Assessment Following Concussion: an Evidence‐Based Review of the Role of Neuropsychological Assessment Pre- and Post-Concussion},
author = {Kontos, A P and Sufrinko, A and Womble, M and Kegel, N},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-016-0571-y},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
abstract = {Neuropsychological evaluation is one component of a comprehensive and multifaceted assessment following concussion. Although some neuropsychologists use a “hybrid” assessment approach integrating computerized neurocognitive testing batteries with traditional paper and pencil tests, computerized neurocognitive test batteries are the predominant testing modality for assessment of athletes from the youth to professional level. This review summarizes the most recent research supporting the utility of neuropsychological evaluation and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both computerized and traditional neuropsychological testing approaches. The most up to date research and guidelines on baseline neurocognitive testing is also discussed. This paper addresses concerns regarding reliability of neuropsychological testing while providing an overview of factors that influence test performance, both transient situational factors (e.g., pain level, anxiety) and characteristics of particular subgroups (e.g., age, preexisting learning disabilities), warranting the expertise of an experienced neuropsychologist for interpretation. Currently, research is moving forward by integrating neuropsychological evaluation with emerging assessment approaches for other domains of brain function (e.g., vestibular function) vulnerable to concussion. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Gillard, D; Haarbauer‐Krupa, J; Goldman, R E; Bickham, D S
Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study Journal Article
In: Child: Care, Health and Development, 2016, ISBN: 0305-1862 1365-2214.
@article{Kroshus2016b,
title = {Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study},
author = {Kroshus, E and Gillard, D and Haarbauer‐Krupa, J and Goldman, R E and Bickham, D S},
doi = {10.1111/cch.12433},
isbn = {0305-1862
1365-2214},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Child: Care, Health and Development},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Background Concussion education for children early in their participation in organized sport may help shape lasting attitudes about concussion safety. However, existing programming and research focus on older ages. Methods Qualitative interviews about concussions were conducted with twenty children between the ages of six and eight. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding were used to organize the transcribed interviews and identify emergent themes. Results Eighteen of the participants indicated that they had heard of the word concussion, with 12 describing the injury as related to the brain or head. The most frequently described mechanisms of injury were impacts to the head or falls, and symptoms tended to be somatic, such as generalized pain. The most frequently endorsed strategy to avoid sustaining a concussion was to ‘follow the rules.’ Multiple participants referenced parents as an informal source of information about concussions. Conclusions While most participants demonstrated some awareness about concussions, there were clear knowledge gaps that can be addressed with developmentally appropriate concussion education programming. Consistent with their developmental stage, interventions targeted at children in this age range may be most successful if they use basic logic, concrete ideas, provide rules to be followed and engage parents in dissemination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Muise, D P; MacKenzie, S J; Sutherland, T M
Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season Journal Article
In: International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 36–41, 2016.
@article{Muise2016,
title = {Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season},
author = {Muise, D P and MacKenzie, S J and Sutherland, T M},
doi = {10.1123/ijatt.2016-0005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Athletic Therapy \& Training},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {36--41},
abstract = {The increased awareness of concussion in sport has led to an examination of head impacts and the associated biomechanics that occur during these sporting events. The high rate of concussions in football makes it particularly relevant.1 The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently, and to what magnitude, Canadian University football players get hit in training camp and how this compares to practices and games in regular season. An ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that, on average, players were hit significantly more in games (45.2 hits) than training camp sessions (17.7 hits) and practices (8.0 hits), while training camp was associated with significantly more hits than practices (p \<. 001, $eta$2 =.392). Multiple positional differences were found. In particular, significantly more hits were experienced by offensive linemen (36.7 hits) and defensive linemen (31.6 hits) compared with all other positions (p \<.001, $eta$2 =.247). Study outcomes determined players/positions most at risk for concussion due to head impacts, which is beneficial in forming concussion prevention and assessment strategies. © 2016 Human Kinetics \textendashIJATT.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tierney, Gregory J; Lawler, John; Denvir, Karl; McQuilkin, Kurt; Simms, Ciaran K
Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1350–1361, 2016, ISBN: 0269-9052 1362-301X.
@article{Tierney2016,
title = {Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union},
author = {Tierney, Gregory J and Lawler, John and Denvir, Karl and McQuilkin, Kurt and Simms, Ciaran K},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1193630},
isbn = {0269-9052
1362-301X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1350--1361},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Primary objectives: To conduct video and statistical analysis on Rugby Union play, focusing mainly on the tackle, to establish the player to player configurations for significant direct head impacts and non-direct head impacts. Research design: Quantitative, observational cohort study. Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 52 significant direct head impacts (31 Tackle, 10 Ruck, 7 Dive and 4 Ground) and 40 non-direct head impact tackles from 2014/15 International Rugby Union matches. Relative risk, 95% CI and p-values were calculated for a range of tackle variables. Main outcome and results: Upper body tackles and lower body tackles accounted for 37% (19) and 23% (12) of cases, respectively, with the tackler as the head impacted player for 97% (30) of cases. The majority (81%) of tackle-related significant direct head impacts occurred in the second half of the game, with 63% of upper body tackle significant direct head impacts occurring in the final quarter. Tackler head placement and high speed tackles had statistical significance for causing tackle related significant direct head impacts as well as foot planting and difference in tackler and ball carrier mass for upper body tackles and ball carrier change in direction for lower body tackles. Conclusion: Tackle variables that statistically increased the risk of significant direct head impact were identified, which can aid player protection strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B R; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking Journal Article
In: Health Education & Behavior, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 442–451, 2016.
@article{Kroshus2016ab,
title = {Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B R and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1177/1090198115602676},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Health Education \& Behavior},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {442--451},
abstract = {Concussion underreporting contributes to the substantial public health burden of concussions from sport. Teammates may be able to play an important role in encouraging injury identification and help seeking. This study assessed whether there was an association between beliefs about the consequences of continued play with a concussion and intentions to engage as a proactive bystander in facilitating or encouraging teammate help seeking for a possible concussion. Participants were 328 (male and female) members of 19 U.S. collegiate contact or collision sports teams. Athletes who believed that there were negative health or performance consequences of continued play with a concussion were significantly more likely than their peers to intend to encourage teammate help seeking, but not more likely to alert a coach or medical personnel. Additionally, athletes who believed that their teammates were more supportive of concussion safety were more likely to intend to engage as proactive bystanders in encouraging teammate help seeking. Exploring how to encourage bystander promotion of concussion safety is an important direction for future programming and evaluation research and may provide an opportunity to improve the effectiveness of concussion education. © 2015, © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andre, J B
Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials Journal Article
In: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 275–287, 2015.
@article{Andre2015,
title = {Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials},
author = {Andre, J B},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {275--287},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including concussion, is a public health concern, as it affects over 1.7 million persons in the United States per year. Yet, the diagnosis of TBI, particularly mild TBI (mTBI), can be controversial, as neuroimaging findings can be sparse on conventional magnetic resonance and computed tomography examinations, and when present, often poorly correlate with clinical signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the discussion of TBI, concussion, and head impact exposure is immediately complicated by the many differing opinions of what constitutes each, their respective severities, and how the underlying biomechanics of the inciting head impact might alter the distribution, severity, and prognosis of the underlying brain injury. Advanced imaging methodologies hold promise in improving the sensitivity and detectability of associated imaging biomarkers that might better correlate with patient outcome and prognostication, allowing for improved triage and therapeutic guidance in the setting of TBI, particularly in mTBI. This work will examine the defining symptom complex associated with mTBI and explore changes in cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling, as a potential imaging biomarker for TBI, and briefly correlate these observations with findings identified by single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging.. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mirabelli, M H; Devine, M J; Singh, J; Mendoza, M
The preparticipation sports evaluation Journal Article
In: American Family Physician, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 371–376, 2015.
@article{Mirabelli2015,
title = {The preparticipation sports evaluation},
author = {Mirabelli, M H and Devine, M J and Singh, J and Mendoza, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Family Physician},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {371--376},
abstract = {The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents morbidity and mortality associated with sports, it may detect conditions that predispose the athlete to injury or illness and can provide strategies to prevent injuries. Clearance depends on the outcome of the evaluation and the type of sport (and sometimes position or event) in which the athlete participates. All persons undergoing a preparticipation physical evaluation should be questioned about exertional symptoms, presence of a heart murmur, symptoms of Marfan syndrome, and family history of premature serious cardiac conditions or sudden death. The physical examination should focus on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. U.S. medical and athletic organizations discourage screening electrocardiography and blood and urine testing in asymptomatic patients. Further evaluation should be considered for persons with heart or lung disease, bleeding disorders, musculoskeletal problems, history of concussion, or other neurologic disorders. © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Rieman, W; Lichtenstein, J; Condiracci, C
Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 273–278, 2015.
@article{Maerlender2015a,
title = {Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study},
author = {Maerlender, A and Rieman, W and Lichtenstein, J and Condiracci, C},
doi = {10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Although no data exist, general practice recommends only rest following concussion. This randomized clinical trial found that programmed physical exertion during recovery produced no significant differences in recovery time between groups of participants. However, high levels of exertion were deleterious. This study provides initial evidence that moderate physical activity is a safe replacement behavior during recovery. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phillips, S; Woessner, D
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 243–248, 2015.
@article{Phillips2015b,
title = {Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Phillips, S and Woessner, D},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.010},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {243--248},
abstract = {Concussions have garnered more attention in the medical literature, media, and social media. As such, in the nomenclature according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the term concussion has been supplanted by the term mild traumatic brain injury. Current numbers indicate that 1.7 million TBIs are documented annually, with estimates around 3 million annually (173,285 sports- and recreation-related TBIs among children and adolescents). The Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and the NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool are commonly used sideline tools. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Léveillé, E; Guay, S; Blais, C; Scherzer, P; De Beaumont, L
Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65–77, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Concussion, depression, Emotional facial expression, Gender Differences, Sport
@article{Leveille2017,
title = {Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes},
author = {L\'{e}veill\'{e}, E and Guay, S and Blais, C and Scherzer, P and {De Beaumont}, L},
doi = {10.1017/S1355617716001004},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {65--77},
abstract = {Objectives: Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. Although the cumulative and long-term effects of multiple concussions are now well documented on cognitive and motor function, little is known about their effects on emotion recognition. Recent studies have suggested that concussion can result in emotional sequelae, particularly in females and multi-concussed athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in emotion recognition in asymptomatic male and female multi-concussed athletes. Methods: We tested 28 control athletes (15 males) and 22 multi-concussed athletes (10 males) more than a year since the last concussion. Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a neuropsychological test battery and a morphed emotion recognition task. Pictures of a male face expressing basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) morphed with another emotion were randomly presented. After each face presentation, participants were asked to indicate the emotion expressed by the face. Results: Results revealed significant sex by group interactions in accuracy and intensity threshold for negative emotions, together with significant main effects of emotion and group. Conclusions: Male concussed athletes were significantly impaired in recognizing negative emotions and needed more emotional intensity to correctly identify these emotions, compared to same-sex controls. In contrast, female concussed athletes performed similarly to same-sex controls. These findings suggest that sex significantly modulates concussion effects on emotional facial expression recognition. © 2016 The International Neuropsychological Society.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Concussion, depression, Emotional facial expression, Gender Differences, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Baugh, C M; Stein, C J; Austin, S B; Calzo, J P
Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults Journal Article
In: Journal of Adolescence, vol. 54, pp. 110–119, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: college, Concussion, gender, Help-seeking, Sport
@article{Kroshus2017,
title = {Concussion reporting, sex, and conformity to traditional gender norms in young adults},
author = {Kroshus, E and Baugh, C M and Stein, C J and Austin, S B and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.002},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Adolescence},
volume = {54},
pages = {110--119},
abstract = {This study assessed whether between-sex differences in concussion reporting intention and behavior among young adults are explained by the extent to which the individual conforms to traditional masculine norms that often characterize contemporary sport culture. A survey of college athletes in the United States (n = 328) found greater symptom reporting intention among females as compared to males, but no difference in their likelihood continued play while experiencing symptoms of a possible concussion. Greater conformity to the norms of risk-taking was associated with greater likelihood of continued play while symptomatic among female athletes but not among male athletes. These findings suggest that gendered behavior, rather than biologically determined sex, is an important consideration for concussion safety in this age group. Addressing elements of the contemporary sport ethos that reinforce risk taking in service of athletic achievement may be a relevant direction for interventions aimed at improving injury reporting among all athletes. © 2016},
keywords = {college, Concussion, gender, Help-seeking, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Weise, K K; Swanson, M W; Penix, K; Hale, M H; Ferguson, D
King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes Journal Article
In: Optometry and Vision Science, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 89–95, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Alignment, Concussion, Convergence, Correlation coefficient, cross-sectional study, King-Devick, Ophthalmology, Optometers, Pupil function, Pupillometer, Repeated Measures, Sport, Time-differences, Vision screening, visual acuity, Visual functions
@article{Weise2017,
title = {King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes},
author = {Weise, K K and Swanson, M W and Penix, K and Hale, M H and Ferguson, D},
doi = {10.1097/OPX.0000000000000938},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Optometry and Vision Science},
volume = {94},
number = {1},
pages = {89--95},
abstract = {Purpose The King-Devick test (KD) has been studied as a remove-from-play sideline test in college-age athletes and older; however, studies in younger athletes are limited. A cross-sectional study of the KD and other vision correlates was completed on school-aged athletes during pre-season physicals for a variety of sports to determine the repeatability of the KD. The study also evaluated how convergence, alignment, or pupil function contributed to a slower King-Devick baseline reading. Methods Seven hundred eighty-five athletes underwent vision screenings in a hospital or school setting by trained/certified staff as part of pre-season physicals. Six hundred nineteen had KD testing completed per the manufacturer's suggested protocol and repeated. Other baseline vision testing included visual acuity, Modified Thorington testing for alignment, convergence testing, and pupil function using the NeurOptics (NPI-200) NPi. Results The mean fastest, error-minimized KD time for all participants was 43.9 seconds(s) (SD ± 11.6, range 24-120). Median KD time got faster (+) with age (p \< 0.0001). The inter-class correlation coefficient for all scores was 0.92. The absolute mean time difference for any two tests was 3.5 s (SD ± 2.5, range 0-23). There was no association between the best KD time and reduced NPC (p = 0.63), Modified Thorington measure of alignment (p = 0.55), or NPi pupil function (p = 0.79). The Bland Altman repeated measure limits of agreement was ±6.5 seconds for those in the 10th to12th grades, and ±10.2 seconds for those in the 6th to 9th grades. Conclusions King-Devick score in junior high and high school athletes is variable but gets faster and more repeatable with increasing age. The KD does not correlate significantly with reduced convergence, alignment, or pupil function. Based on grouped data, a slowing of 10 seconds for younger athletes and 6 seconds for older athletes on a second administration represents a true difference in testing speed. Within-player variability should be considered when removal-from-play decisions are influenced by KD results. © 2016 American Academy of Optometry.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Alignment, Concussion, Convergence, Correlation coefficient, cross-sectional study, King-Devick, Ophthalmology, Optometers, Pupil function, Pupillometer, Repeated Measures, Sport, Time-differences, Vision screening, visual acuity, Visual functions},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halim, A; Lamikanra, O E; Sutton, K
Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors Journal Article
In: American Journal of Orthopedics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 12–15, 2016.
BibTeX | Tags: adverse effects, anterior cruciate ligament, Athletic Injuries, Bone Diseases, brain concussion, caloric restriction, Female, human, Humans, Injuries, legislation and jurisprudence, malnutrition, Menstruation Disturbances, Metabolic, Nutrition Disorders, patient safety, pregnancy, prevention and control, sexism, SOCIAL justice, social problem, Social Problems, Sport, Sports, standards, Syndrome, UNITED States
@article{Halim2016,
title = {Female Athletes: Unique Challenges Facing Women Warriors},
author = {Halim, A and Lamikanra, O E and Sutton, K},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Orthopedics},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {12--15},
keywords = {adverse effects, anterior cruciate ligament, Athletic Injuries, Bone Diseases, brain concussion, caloric restriction, Female, human, Humans, Injuries, legislation and jurisprudence, malnutrition, Menstruation Disturbances, Metabolic, Nutrition Disorders, patient safety, pregnancy, prevention and control, sexism, SOCIAL justice, social problem, Social Problems, Sport, Sports, standards, Syndrome, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kontos, A P; Sufrinko, A; Womble, M; Kegel, N
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 20, no. 6, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Baseline, brain function, Computerized assessment battery, computerized neuropsychological test, Concussion, evidence based practice, human, MEDICAL research, Neurocognitive tests, Neuropsychological evaluation, neuropsychological test, paper and pencil neuropsychological test, psychologic assessment, reliability, Review, Sport, TASK performance
@article{Kontos2016b,
title = {Neuropsychological Assessment Following Concussion: an Evidence‐Based Review of the Role of Neuropsychological Assessment Pre- and Post-Concussion},
author = {Kontos, A P and Sufrinko, A and Womble, M and Kegel, N},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-016-0571-y},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
abstract = {Neuropsychological evaluation is one component of a comprehensive and multifaceted assessment following concussion. Although some neuropsychologists use a “hybrid” assessment approach integrating computerized neurocognitive testing batteries with traditional paper and pencil tests, computerized neurocognitive test batteries are the predominant testing modality for assessment of athletes from the youth to professional level. This review summarizes the most recent research supporting the utility of neuropsychological evaluation and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both computerized and traditional neuropsychological testing approaches. The most up to date research and guidelines on baseline neurocognitive testing is also discussed. This paper addresses concerns regarding reliability of neuropsychological testing while providing an overview of factors that influence test performance, both transient situational factors (e.g., pain level, anxiety) and characteristics of particular subgroups (e.g., age, preexisting learning disabilities), warranting the expertise of an experienced neuropsychologist for interpretation. Currently, research is moving forward by integrating neuropsychological evaluation with emerging assessment approaches for other domains of brain function (e.g., vestibular function) vulnerable to concussion. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {Baseline, brain function, Computerized assessment battery, computerized neuropsychological test, Concussion, evidence based practice, human, MEDICAL research, Neurocognitive tests, Neuropsychological evaluation, neuropsychological test, paper and pencil neuropsychological test, psychologic assessment, reliability, Review, Sport, TASK performance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Gillard, D; Haarbauer‐Krupa, J; Goldman, R E; Bickham, D S
Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study Journal Article
In: Child: Care, Health and Development, 2016, ISBN: 0305-1862 1365-2214.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, Brain Injury, children, Concussion, No terms assigned, Parents, Sport
@article{Kroshus2016b,
title = {Talking with young children about concussions: An exploratory study},
author = {Kroshus, E and Gillard, D and Haarbauer‐Krupa, J and Goldman, R E and Bickham, D S},
doi = {10.1111/cch.12433},
isbn = {0305-1862
1365-2214},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Child: Care, Health and Development},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Background Concussion education for children early in their participation in organized sport may help shape lasting attitudes about concussion safety. However, existing programming and research focus on older ages. Methods Qualitative interviews about concussions were conducted with twenty children between the ages of six and eight. Structural, descriptive and pattern coding were used to organize the transcribed interviews and identify emergent themes. Results Eighteen of the participants indicated that they had heard of the word concussion, with 12 describing the injury as related to the brain or head. The most frequently described mechanisms of injury were impacts to the head or falls, and symptoms tended to be somatic, such as generalized pain. The most frequently endorsed strategy to avoid sustaining a concussion was to ‘follow the rules.’ Multiple participants referenced parents as an informal source of information about concussions. Conclusions While most participants demonstrated some awareness about concussions, there were clear knowledge gaps that can be addressed with developmentally appropriate concussion education programming. Consistent with their developmental stage, interventions targeted at children in this age range may be most successful if they use basic logic, concrete ideas, provide rules to be followed and engage parents in dissemination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, Brain Injury, children, Concussion, No terms assigned, Parents, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Muise, D P; MacKenzie, S J; Sutherland, T M
Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season Journal Article
In: International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 36–41, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biomechanics, Concussion, mTBI, Sport
@article{Muise2016,
title = {Frequency and magnitude of head accelerations in a Canadian interuniversity sport football team’s training camp and season},
author = {Muise, D P and MacKenzie, S J and Sutherland, T M},
doi = {10.1123/ijatt.2016-0005},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Athletic Therapy \& Training},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {36--41},
abstract = {The increased awareness of concussion in sport has led to an examination of head impacts and the associated biomechanics that occur during these sporting events. The high rate of concussions in football makes it particularly relevant.1 The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently, and to what magnitude, Canadian University football players get hit in training camp and how this compares to practices and games in regular season. An ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that, on average, players were hit significantly more in games (45.2 hits) than training camp sessions (17.7 hits) and practices (8.0 hits), while training camp was associated with significantly more hits than practices (p \<. 001, $eta$2 =.392). Multiple positional differences were found. In particular, significantly more hits were experienced by offensive linemen (36.7 hits) and defensive linemen (31.6 hits) compared with all other positions (p \<.001, $eta$2 =.247). Study outcomes determined players/positions most at risk for concussion due to head impacts, which is beneficial in forming concussion prevention and assessment strategies. © 2016 Human Kinetics \textendashIJATT.},
keywords = {Biomechanics, Concussion, mTBI, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tierney, Gregory J; Lawler, John; Denvir, Karl; McQuilkin, Kurt; Simms, Ciaran K
Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1350–1361, 2016, ISBN: 0269-9052 1362-301X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, brain concussion, Sport, statistical analysis, traumatic brain injury, Video analysis
@article{Tierney2016,
title = {Risks associated with significant head impact events in elite rugby union},
author = {Tierney, Gregory J and Lawler, John and Denvir, Karl and McQuilkin, Kurt and Simms, Ciaran K},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1193630},
isbn = {0269-9052
1362-301X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1350--1361},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Primary objectives: To conduct video and statistical analysis on Rugby Union play, focusing mainly on the tackle, to establish the player to player configurations for significant direct head impacts and non-direct head impacts. Research design: Quantitative, observational cohort study. Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 52 significant direct head impacts (31 Tackle, 10 Ruck, 7 Dive and 4 Ground) and 40 non-direct head impact tackles from 2014/15 International Rugby Union matches. Relative risk, 95% CI and p-values were calculated for a range of tackle variables. Main outcome and results: Upper body tackles and lower body tackles accounted for 37% (19) and 23% (12) of cases, respectively, with the tackler as the head impacted player for 97% (30) of cases. The majority (81%) of tackle-related significant direct head impacts occurred in the second half of the game, with 63% of upper body tackle significant direct head impacts occurring in the final quarter. Tackler head placement and high speed tackles had statistical significance for causing tackle related significant direct head impacts as well as foot planting and difference in tackler and ball carrier mass for upper body tackles and ball carrier change in direction for lower body tackles. Conclusion: Tackle variables that statistically increased the risk of significant direct head impact were identified, which can aid player protection strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, brain concussion, Sport, statistical analysis, traumatic brain injury, Video analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B R; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking Journal Article
In: Health Education & Behavior, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 442–451, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: bystander, Concussion, Education, Norms, Sport
@article{Kroshus2016ab,
title = {Engaging Teammates in the Promotion of Concussion Help Seeking},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B R and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
doi = {10.1177/1090198115602676},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Health Education \& Behavior},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {442--451},
abstract = {Concussion underreporting contributes to the substantial public health burden of concussions from sport. Teammates may be able to play an important role in encouraging injury identification and help seeking. This study assessed whether there was an association between beliefs about the consequences of continued play with a concussion and intentions to engage as a proactive bystander in facilitating or encouraging teammate help seeking for a possible concussion. Participants were 328 (male and female) members of 19 U.S. collegiate contact or collision sports teams. Athletes who believed that there were negative health or performance consequences of continued play with a concussion were significantly more likely than their peers to intend to encourage teammate help seeking, but not more likely to alert a coach or medical personnel. Additionally, athletes who believed that their teammates were more supportive of concussion safety were more likely to intend to engage as proactive bystanders in encouraging teammate help seeking. Exploring how to encourage bystander promotion of concussion safety is an important direction for future programming and evaluation research and may provide an opportunity to improve the effectiveness of concussion education. © 2015, © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.},
keywords = {bystander, Concussion, Education, Norms, Sport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K
Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article
In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends
@article{Vassilyadi2015,
title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},
doi = {10.1159/000431232},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {196--203},
abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andre, J B
Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials Journal Article
In: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 275–287, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Arterial spin labeling, artery blood flow, artifact, brain, brain blood flow, brain circulation, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, brain perfusion, Cerebrovascular Circulation, clinical classification, Concussion, echo planar imaging, gray matter, human, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, mild traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, pathology, positron emission tomography, priority journal, procedures, Review, single photon emission computer tomography, spin labeling, Spin Labels, Sport, Sports-related concussion, symptom, traumatic brain injury, white matter
@article{Andre2015,
title = {Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance perfusion for traumatic brain injury: Technical challenges and potentials},
author = {Andre, J B},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {275--287},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including concussion, is a public health concern, as it affects over 1.7 million persons in the United States per year. Yet, the diagnosis of TBI, particularly mild TBI (mTBI), can be controversial, as neuroimaging findings can be sparse on conventional magnetic resonance and computed tomography examinations, and when present, often poorly correlate with clinical signs and symptoms. Furthermore, the discussion of TBI, concussion, and head impact exposure is immediately complicated by the many differing opinions of what constitutes each, their respective severities, and how the underlying biomechanics of the inciting head impact might alter the distribution, severity, and prognosis of the underlying brain injury. Advanced imaging methodologies hold promise in improving the sensitivity and detectability of associated imaging biomarkers that might better correlate with patient outcome and prognostication, allowing for improved triage and therapeutic guidance in the setting of TBI, particularly in mTBI. This work will examine the defining symptom complex associated with mTBI and explore changes in cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling, as a potential imaging biomarker for TBI, and briefly correlate these observations with findings identified by single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging.. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Arterial spin labeling, artery blood flow, artifact, brain, brain blood flow, brain circulation, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, brain perfusion, Cerebrovascular Circulation, clinical classification, Concussion, echo planar imaging, gray matter, human, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, mild traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, pathology, positron emission tomography, priority journal, procedures, Review, single photon emission computer tomography, spin labeling, Spin Labels, Sport, Sports-related concussion, symptom, traumatic brain injury, white matter},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mirabelli, M H; Devine, M J; Singh, J; Mendoza, M
The preparticipation sports evaluation Journal Article
In: American Family Physician, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 371–376, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis
@article{Mirabelli2015,
title = {The preparticipation sports evaluation},
author = {Mirabelli, M H and Devine, M J and Singh, J and Mendoza, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Family Physician},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {371--376},
abstract = {The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents morbidity and mortality associated with sports, it may detect conditions that predispose the athlete to injury or illness and can provide strategies to prevent injuries. Clearance depends on the outcome of the evaluation and the type of sport (and sometimes position or event) in which the athlete participates. All persons undergoing a preparticipation physical evaluation should be questioned about exertional symptoms, presence of a heart murmur, symptoms of Marfan syndrome, and family history of premature serious cardiac conditions or sudden death. The physical examination should focus on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. U.S. medical and athletic organizations discourage screening electrocardiography and blood and urine testing in asymptomatic patients. Further evaluation should be considered for persons with heart or lung disease, bleeding disorders, musculoskeletal problems, history of concussion, or other neurologic disorders. © 2015 American Academy of Family Physicians.},
keywords = {Article, asthma, athlete, bleeding disorder, bronchospasm, cardiovascular disease, drug abuse, Eating disorder, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, Epilepsy, heart murmur, hematologic disease, HISTORY, human, imaging, lung disease, Marfan syndrome, medical society, mental disease, Morbidity, MORTALITY, musculoskeletal injury, neurologic disease, Physical Examination, physical performance, social participation, Sport, sport injury, sudden death, urinalysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Rieman, W; Lichtenstein, J; Condiracci, C
Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 273–278, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome
@article{Maerlender2015a,
title = {Programmed physical exertion in recovery from sports-related concussion: A randomized pilot study},
author = {Maerlender, A and Rieman, W and Lichtenstein, J and Condiracci, C},
doi = {10.1080/87565641.2015.1067706},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Although no data exist, general practice recommends only rest following concussion. This randomized clinical trial found that programmed physical exertion during recovery produced no significant differences in recovery time between groups of participants. However, high levels of exertion were deleterious. This study provides initial evidence that moderate physical activity is a safe replacement behavior during recovery. © 2015 Copyright © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {adult, brain concussion, controlled study, CONVALESCENCE, exercise, Female, human, Humans, Male, motor activity, Physical Exertion, Pilot Projects, pilot study, randomized controlled trial, Recovery of Function, Sport, Sports, time, Time Factors, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phillips, S; Woessner, D
Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 243–248, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed
@article{Phillips2015b,
title = {Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Phillips, S and Woessner, D},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2015.01.010},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {243--248},
abstract = {Concussions have garnered more attention in the medical literature, media, and social media. As such, in the nomenclature according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the term concussion has been supplanted by the term mild traumatic brain injury. Current numbers indicate that 1.7 million TBIs are documented annually, with estimates around 3 million annually (173,285 sports- and recreation-related TBIs among children and adolescents). The Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3 and the NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool are commonly used sideline tools. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},
keywords = {Anxiety, Athletic Injuries, attention deficit disorder, balance disorder, Balance Error Scoring System, benzodiazepine derivative, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, body equilibrium, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, coordination disorder, depression, Dizziness, drowsiness, evaluation and follow up, headache, human, Humans, irritability, meclozine, memory disorder, mental concentration, Mild TBI guidelines, mild traumatic brain injury, mood change, mTBI, nausea, NFL Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paracetamol, personal hygiene, postconcussion syndrome, Postconcussive syndrome, Primary Health Care, priority journal, procedures, recurrent disease, rest, Review, scoring system, Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 3, Sideline concussion assessment tool 3 (SCAT3), sleep disorder, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Sports-related, Tomography, traumatic brain injury, tricyclic antidepressant agent, VERTIGO, visual disorder, vomiting, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}