Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daley, M; Dekaban, G; Bartha, R; Brown, A; Stewart, T C; Doherty, T; Fischer, L; Holmes, J; Menon, R S; Rupar, C A; Shoemaker, J K; Fraser, D D
Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method Journal Article
In: Metabolomics, vol. 12, no. 12, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Biomarker, Concussion, DIAGNOSIS, ice hockey, Metabolomics
@article{Daley2016,
title = {Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method},
author = {Daley, M and Dekaban, G and Bartha, R and Brown, A and Stewart, T C and Doherty, T and Fischer, L and Holmes, J and Menon, R S and Rupar, C A and Shoemaker, J K and Fraser, D D},
doi = {10.1007/s11306-016-1131-5},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Metabolomics},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
abstract = {Introduction: Concussions are a major health concern as they cause significant acute symptoms and in some athletes, long-term neurologic dysfunction. Diagnosis of concussion can be difficult, as are the decisions to stop play. Objective: To determine if concussions in adolescent male hockey players could be diagnosed using plasma metabolomics profiling. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 12 concussed and 17 non-concussed athletes, and assayed for 174 metabolites with proton nuclear magnetic resonance and direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analysed with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning. Results: The estimated time from concussion occurrence to blood draw at the first clinic visit was 2.3 ± 0.7 days. Using principal component analysis, the leading 10 components, each containing 9 metabolites, were shown to account for 82 % of the variance between cohorts, and relied heavily on changes in glycerophospholipids. Cross-validation of the classifier using a leave-one out approach demonstrated a 92 % accuracy rate in diagnosing a concussion (P \< 0.0001). The number of metabolites required to achieve the 92 % diagnostic accuracy was minimized from 174 to as few as 17 metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic analyses generated an area under the curve of 0.91, indicating excellent concussion diagnostic potential. Conclusion: Metabolomics profiling, together with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning, identified concussed athletes with \>90 % certainty. Metabolomics profiling represents a novel diagnostic method for concussion, and may be amenable to point-of-care testing. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {adolescents, Biomarker, Concussion, DIAGNOSIS, ice hockey, Metabolomics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W
Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015, ISBN: 01959131.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS
@article{Dematteo2015b,
title = {Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion},
author = {Dematteo, Carol and Volterman, Kimberly A and Breithaupt, Peter G and Claridge, Everett A and Adamich, John and Timmons, Brian W},
isbn = {01959131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose: The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods: Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results: Participants had a mean T SD symptom duration of 6.3 T 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions: Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds \& injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Matic, G T; Sommerfeldt, M F; Best, T M; Collins, C L; Comstock, R D; Flanigan, D C
Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013 Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 43, pp. 119–125, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Matic2015,
title = {Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013},
author = {Matic, G T and Sommerfeldt, M F and Best, T M and Collins, C L and Comstock, R D and Flanigan, D C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {43},
pages = {119--125},
address = {Matic,George T. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The popularity of ice hockey has grown in recent years and injuries are a concern given the physical nature of the sport. We sought to report the rates, mechanisms, and severity of boys' US high school ice hockey injuries. We hypothesized that body checking would be a major source of injury and that concussions would be common. We also expected to find that competition would have a higher rate of injury than practice. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Boys' US high school ice hockey injury data from 2008/2009 through 2012/2013 academic years were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School Reporting Information Online database. The primary outcome was rate of injury per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). RESULTS: Overall, 724 boys ice hockey injuries occurred during 311,817 AEs for an injury rate of 23.2 per 10,000 AEs. Injury rates were significantly higher during competition compared to practice (rate ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 6.5-9.4). Concussion was the most frequent injury reported at a rate of 6.4 per 10,000 AEs. Body checking was the mechanism of injury in over 46% of injuries. The head/face/neck region (33.8%) and upper arm/shoulder region (20.6%) were the most commonly injured body sites. Just over 6% of injuries resulted in surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Injuries among high school ice hockey athletes are common. Increases in the number of high school ice hockey injuries will likely parallel the increase in high school ice hockey participation in the United States.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moor, H M; Eisenhauer, R C; Killian, K D; Proudfoot, N; Henriques, A A; Congeni, J A; Reneker, J C
The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 10, pp. 225–233, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Moor2015,
title = {The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study},
author = {Moor, H M and Eisenhauer, R C and Killian, K D and Proudfoot, N and Henriques, A A and Congeni, J A and Reneker, J C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {10},
pages = {225--233},
address = {Moor,Heather M. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Eisenhauer,Rita C. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Killian,Kathleen D. Walsh Univ},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adherence to rehabilitation is widely accepted as vital for recovery and return to play following sports injuries. Medical management of concussion is centered around physical and cognitive rest, a theory largely based on expert opinion, not empirical evidence. Current research on this topic focuses on factors that are predictive of adherence to rehabilitation, but fails to examine if patient adherence leads to a better outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence tendencies of adolescents to treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician after a concussion and to determine if adherence to each recommendation was a predictor of treatment duration. STUDY DESIGN: Observational. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in the study at their initial visit to the Sports-Medicine Center for medical care after a sports-related concussion. Individual treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician for concussion were recorded over the course of each participant's care. Once released from medical care, each participant was contacted to complete an online questionnaire to measure self-reported adherence tendencies to each treatment recommendation. Adherence was measured by two constructs: 1) the reported receptivity to the recommendation and 2) the frequency of following the recommendation. Exploratory univariate Poisson regression analyses were used to describe the relationship between adherence behaviors and the number of days of treatment required before the participant was returned to play. RESULTS: Fifty-six questionnaires were completed, by 30 male and 26 female adolescent athletes. The self-reported adherence tendencies were very high. None of the measures of adherence to the treatment recommendations were significant predictors of the number of days of treatment; however, there was a clear tendency in five of the six rest parameters (physical rest, cognitive rest with restrictions from electronics, and cognitive rest with restrictions from school), where high levels of adherence to rest resulted in an increased average number of days of treatment (slower recovery) and those who reported being less adherent recovered faster. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents were generally adherent to the physician recommendations. Those participants who reported being less adherent to physical and cognitive rest generally recovered faster than those who reported higher levels of adherence to these recommendations. As time progresses after the initial injury, physical and mental rest may be less effective to hasten recovery than more active treatment recommendations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W
Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors
@article{DeMatteo2015,
title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},
author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mannix, R; Iverson, G L; Maxwell, B; Atkins, J E; Zafonte, R; Berkner, P D
Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Annals of Clinical & Translational Neurology, vol. 1, pp. 433–438, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Mannix2014a,
title = {Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes},
author = {Mannix, R and Iverson, G L and Maxwell, B and Atkins, J E and Zafonte, R and Berkner, P D},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Clinical \& Translational Neurology},
volume = {1},
pages = {433--438},
address = {Mannix,Rebekah. Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts ; Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts. Iverson,Grant L. Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of prior concussion on baseline computerized neurocognitive testing in a large cohort of high school athletes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of student athletes from 49 Maine High Schools in 2010 who underwent baseline computerized neurocognitive evaluation with Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). As part of the ImPACT, subjects reported a prior history of concussion as well as demographic information and a symptom questionnaire. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of prior concussion with baseline: (1) ImPACT composite scores; and (2) symptom scores. RESULTS: Six thousand seventy-five subjects were included in the study, of whom 57% were boys. The majority of student athletes (85.3%) reported no prior history of concussion while 4.6% reported having sustained two or more prior concussions. On simple linear regression, increasing number of concussions was related to worse performance in verbal memory (P = 0.039) and greater symptoms scores (P \< 0.001). On multivariate modeling, only the association with baseline symptoms remained (P \< 0.001). Other factors associated with baseline symptom reporting in the multivariate model included mental health history, headache/migraine history, gender, developmental and/or learning problems, and number of prior concussions. INTERPRETATION: In this large-scale, retrospective survey study, history of multiple prior concussions was associated with higher symptom burden but not baseline computerized neurocognitive testing. The association between baseline symptom reporting and clinical and demographic factors was greater than the association with a history of multiple concussions.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wagner, Will
Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future Journal Article
In: Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 3, 2014.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Wagner2014,
title = {Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future},
author = {Wagner, Will},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports and Entertainment Law Journal},
volume = {3},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, C L; Fletcher, E N; Fields, S K; Kluchurosky, L; Rohrkemper, M K; Comstock, R D; Cantu, R C
Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 35, pp. 309–319, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Collins2014a,
title = {Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports},
author = {Collins, C L and Fletcher, E N and Fields, S K and Kluchurosky, L and Rohrkemper, M K and Comstock, R D and Cantu, R C},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Primary Prevention},
volume = {35},
pages = {309--319},
address = {Collins,Christy L. Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.},
abstract = {As the number of high school students participating in athletics continues to increase, so will the number of sports-related concussions unless effective concussion prevention programs are developed. We sought to develop and validate a cost-effective tool to measure neck strength in a high school setting, conduct a feasibility study to determine if the developed tool could be reliably applied by certified athletic trainers (ATs) in a high school setting, and conduct a pilot study to determine if anthropometric measurements captured by ATs can predict concussion risk. In the study's first phase, 16 adult subjects underwent repeated neck strength testing by a group of five ATs to validate the developed hand-held tension scale, a cost effective alternative to a hand-held dynamometer. In the second phase, during the 2010 and 2011 academic years, ATs from 51 high schools in 25 states captured pre-season anthropometric measurements for 6,704 high school athletes in boys' and girls' soccer, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as reported concussion incidence and athletic exposure data. We found high correlations between neck strength measurements taken with the developed tool and a hand-held dynamometer and the measurements taken by five ATs. Smaller mean neck circumference, smaller mean neck to head circumference ratio, and weaker mean overall neck strength were significantly associated with concussion. Overall neck strength (p \< 0.001), gender (p \< 0.001), and sport (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of concussions in unadjusted models. After adjusting for gender and sport, overall neck strength remained a significant predictor of concussion (p = 0.004). For every one pound increase in neck strength, odds of concussion decreased by 5 % (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92-0.98). We conclude that identifying differences in overall neck strength may be useful in developing a screening tool to determine which high school athletes are at higher risk of concussion. Once identified, these athletes could be targeted for concussion prevention programs.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haarbauer-Krupa, J; Revels, A; Mautz, K
Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 26, pp. 432, 2011, ISSN: 0885-9701.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Haarbauer-Krupa2011,
title = {Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports},
author = {Haarbauer-Krupa, J and Revels, A and Mautz, K},
issn = {0885-9701},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {26},
pages = {432},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sabin, Matthew J; Van Boxtel, Bridget A; Nohren, Matthew W; Broglio, Steven P
Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 21, pp. 411–415, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Sabin2011,
title = {Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes},
author = {Sabin, Matthew J and {Van Boxtel}, Bridget A and Nohren, Matthew W and Broglio, Steven P},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {21},
pages = {411--415},
address = {From the *Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky; +Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado; ++ATI Physical Therapy, Chicago, Illinois; and [section]Neurotrauma Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Universi},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: : Headache is the primary self-reported symptom used to indicate concussion. Thus, we examined the relationship between reports of nonconcussion-induced headache after contact sport participation and scores on common concussion assessment measures. DESIGN: : Two-group repeated measures. SETTING: : Secondary school. PARTICIPANTS: : One hundred five athletes from 3 area football teams completed a baseline evaluation. Sixteen athletes reported headaches after a practice/game and were compared with 16 gender-matched, age-matched, height-matched, weight-matched, and position-matched controls. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:: Self-report headache. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : Symptom severity and endorsement reported on the Graded Symptoms Checklist (GSC), neurostatus measured using the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and postural control evaluated with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). RESULTS: : Total symptom severity significantly increased (P \< 0.01; 8.06 +/- 2.22 to 16.06 +/- 3.82) in the headache group and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 6.81 +/- 1.85 to 3.00 +/- 1.08). Symptom endorsement increased in the headache group (P = 0.06; 3.25 +/- 0.80 to 5.25 +/- 1.08) and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 3.19 +/- 0.78 to 1.69 +/- 0.58). Both groups showed nonsignificant (P \> 0.05) changes in SAC scores (headache, 24.75 +/- 0.73 to 24.81 +/- 0.75; nonheadache, 24.50 +/- 0.73 to 24.87 +/- 1.20). Errors of the BESS significantly increased in both the groups at postgame/postpractice evaluation (headache},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R J; Nakayama, Yusuke
Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 38, pp. 87–93, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Covassin2010b,
title = {Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Covassin, Tracey and Elbin, R J and Nakayama, Yusuke},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {87--93},
address = {Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. covassin@msu.edu.},
abstract = {Objective To extend previous research designs and examine cognitive performance up to 30 days postconcussion. Method A prospective cohort design was used to examine 2000 athletes from 8 mid-Michigan area high schools to compare baseline neurocognitive performance with postconcussion neurocognitive performance. All concussed athletes were readministered the Immediate Post Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) at 2, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days postconcussion. Results A total of 72 high school athletes (aged 15.8 +/- 1.34 years) sustained a concussion. A significant within-subjects effect for reaction time (F = 10.01; P = 0.000), verbal memory (F = 3.05; P = 0.012), motor processing speed (F = 18.51; P = 0.000), and total symptoms following an injury (F = 16.45; P = 0.000) was found. Concussed athletes demonstrated a significant decrease in reaction time up to 14 days postconcussion (P = 0.001) compared with baseline reaction time. Reaction time returned to baseline levels at 21 days postinjury (P = 0.25). At 7 days postinjury, impairments in verbal memory (P = 0.003) and motor processing speed (P = 0.000) were documented and returned to baseline levels by 14 days postinjury. Concussed athletes self-reported significantly more symptoms at 2 days postconcussion (P = 0.000) and exhibited a resolution of symptoms by 7 days postinjury (P = 0.06). Conclusion High school athletes could take up to 21 days to return to baseline levels for reaction time. These data support current recommendations for the conservative management of concussion in the high school athlete.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dailey, Andrew; Harrop, James S; France, John C
High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation? Journal Article
In: Spine, vol. 35, pp. S193–201, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Dailey2010,
title = {High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation?},
author = {Dailey, Andrew and Harrop, James S and France, John C},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Spine},
volume = {35},
pages = {S193--201},
address = {Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Clinically based systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal clinical care for patients after sport-related neuropraxic injuries using a systematic review supported with expert opinion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Athletes who participate in contact sports may experience cervical cord neuropraxia, with bilateral motor or sensory symptoms such as burning, numbness, or loss of sensation referable to the cervical spinal cord. The symptoms last from minutes to hours, but recovery is usually believed to be complete. The underlying condition is cervical spinal stenosis that predisposes the athlete to a transient compression or concussive injury to the spinal cord. METHODS: Focused questions on the treatment of cervical spine sport-related injuries resulting in transient neuropraxia were refined by a panel of spine traumatology surgeons consisting of fellowship-trained neurologic and orthopedic surgeons. Medical subject heading keywords were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify pertinent English-language abstracts and articles whose focus was human subjects. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. The proposed questions were answered using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence-based review system. These treatment recommendations were rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. RESULTS: The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. One hundred fifty-three pertinent articles were identified; these were supplemented with additional articles to form an evidentiary table with 17 original articles containing unique patient data. CONCLUSION: Literature regarding the optimal treatment of patients with transient neuropraxia is of low quality. On the basis of expert opinion, there was a recommendation that a return to full participation in high-energy contact sports could be based on radiographic findings: patients with transient neuropraxia without stenosis could return as a strong recommendation, whereas stenotic patients could not return as a weak recommendation. Furthermore, a strong recommendation was made to permit players to return to full participation after decompression with a single-level anterior cervical fusion.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGrath, Neal
Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 45, pp. 492–498, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{McGrath2010,
title = {Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion},
author = {McGrath, Neal},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {45},
pages = {492--498},
address = {Sports Concussion New England, Brookline, MA 02446, USA. dr.neal@sportsconcussion.net},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article provides a framework for school athletic trainers to use in advising colleagues about the health and academic needs of student-athletes presenting with concussions. BACKGROUND: Management of sport-related concussions has been an area of growing concern for school athletic programs. Recent work in this area has highlighted significant risks for student-athletes presenting with these mild traumatic brain injuries. DESCRIPTION: Topics covered include general teaching points for the athletic trainer to use with school colleagues. An integrated model for school management of sport concussion injuries is presented that includes involvement of the student's athletic trainer, school nurse, guidance counselor, teachers, social worker, psychologist, physicians, and parents. CLINICAL ADVANTAGES: Academic accommodations for specific postconcussion symptoms are proposed that may help the student-athlete strike an optimum balance between rest and continued academic progress during recovery.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lee, Michael A; Fine, Benjamin
Adolescent concussions Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 74, pp. 149–156, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lee2010,
title = {Adolescent concussions},
author = {Lee, Michael A and Fine, Benjamin},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {74},
pages = {149--156},
address = {Pediatric Healthcare Associates, Southport, USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The amount of literature dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent concussions is considerable. Most articles focus on the athlete. This study examines both sports-related and nonsports-related concussions in adolescents, their etiology, mechanisms of injury (categorized by sport), symptoms exhibited, physical findings, computerized tomography scan results and the problem of prolonged recovery (persistent postconcussion syndrome used in this article to mean symptoms lasting over four weeks.) OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present the data, their significance and a new method of management that has successfully allowed the author's concussed patients to recover more rapidly. METHOD: A retrospective review of 863 adolescent concussions, in 11-year-old to 19-year-old patients, from July 2004 through December 31, 2008. Subjects were seen as a result of referrals largely from the author's practice (Pediatric Healthcare Associates), other physicians, athletic trainers or patients previously treated. All concussions, including nonsports-related concussions, were included in the study. Some patients had multiple concussions; 774 individuals accounted for the 863 concussions. The number of patients by age and the number of concussions they sustained are listed below.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keightley, Michelle; Duggan, Catrin Theresa; Reed, Nick; McAuliffe, Jim; Taha, Tim; Faught, Brent; McPherson, Moira; Baker, Joseph; Montelpare, William
Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: BMJ Case Reports, pp. –, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Keightley2009,
title = {Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Keightley, Michelle and Duggan, Catrin Theresa and Reed, Nick and McAuliffe, Jim and Taha, Tim and Faught, Brent and McPherson, Moira and Baker, Joseph and Montelpare, William},
doi = {10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0148},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {BMJ Case Reports},
pages = {--},
edition = {April 14,},
abstract = {Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common but relatively understudied childhood injury that can impact cognitive functioning and development. The present report describes a case study of a 14-year-old boy who sustained two consecutive sports-related mTBIs within a 24 h period. Neurocognitive functioning at 2, 6, 8, 55 and 225 days after injury is compared to baseline prior to injury assessment on the same measures. Results from Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Conner Continuous Performance Test 2 (CPT-II) and the Attention Network Test (ANT) revealed decreased performance in attention, visual memory functioning and impulsivity, with some measures still not returning to baseline at 225 days post injury. The results are discussed with respect to return to normal activities at 4 days post injury. This case study highlights the need for increased research regarding the clinical management of mTBI in the paediatric population, particularly the potential deleterious effects of cumulative injuries.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rose, M S; Emery, C A; Meeuwisse, W H
Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 40, pp. 444–450, 2008, ISSN: 0195-9131.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Rose2008,
title = {Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents},
author = {Rose, M S and Emery, C A and Meeuwisse, W H},
doi = {10.1249/mss.0b013e31815ce61a},
issn = {0195-9131},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {40},
pages = {444--450},
abstract = {Objective: To examine sociodemographic risk factors for sport injury in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey design in which a random sample of high school students (ages 14-19) completed an in-class survey (N = 2721). Students were asked questions regarding sociodemographic factors, sport participation, and sport injury in the past year. Results: The incidence proportion of self-reported and medically treated sports injury, adjusting for the clustering effect of school, was 67.5 (95% CI; 64.2-71.1) and 43.2 (95% CI; 40.4-46.3) per 100 adolescents per year, respectively. Students from small towns had a lower risk of injury than those in the larger urban center (ORadjusted = 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). Non-Caucasian students had a lower risk of injury than did Caucasian students (ORadjusted = 0.63 (95% CI 0.5-0.79) for all sport injury and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47-0.7) for medically treated sport injury. Students with BMI in the 50th-90th percentiles had the greatest risk of sport injury. The risk of injury increased with weekly hours of participation. Conclusions: Location of residence, weekly exposure (participation hours), ethnicity, and BMI were simultaneous predictors of sport injuries in adolescents.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R; Fazio, Vanessa
Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 7, pp. 12–15, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lovell2008,
title = {Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete},
author = {Lovell, Mark R and Fazio, Vanessa},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {7},
pages = {12--15},
address = {Sports Medicine Concussion Program, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, North Huntingdon, PA 15203, USA. lovellmr@upmc.edu},
abstract = {This article reviews the status of concussion management in child and adolescent athletes. Children and adolescent athletes represent a distinct group from adult athletes, although past concussion guidelines have not specifically addressed these differences. It is the position of this article that younger athletes need to be considered as a separate group and that conservative management of concussion is often called for. Neurodevelopmental differences between adult and child athletes are highlighted and new developments in the management of concussion in youth sports are discussed. [References: 24]},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Peota, Carmen
The school of hard knocks Journal Article
In: Minnesota Medicine, vol. 89, pp. 10–12, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Peota2006,
title = {The school of hard knocks},
author = {Peota, Carmen},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Minnesota Medicine},
volume = {89},
pages = {10--12},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Flora, K C; McCrea, M; Hammeke, T A; Olsen, G S; Leo, P; Guskiewicz, K; Randolph, C; Barr, W
Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 19, pp. 149–150, 2005, ISSN: 1385-4046.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Flora2005,
title = {Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Flora, K C and McCrea, M and Hammeke, T A and Olsen, G S and Leo, P and Guskiewicz, K and Randolph, C and Barr, W},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {19},
pages = {149--150},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A; Cassidy, J D; Klassen, T P; Rosychuk, R J; Rowe, B H
Development of a clinical static and dynamic standing balance measurement tool appropriate for use in adolescents Journal Article
In: Physical Therapy, vol. 85, pp. 502–514, 2005, ISSN: 0031-9023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2005,
title = {Development of a clinical static and dynamic standing balance measurement tool appropriate for use in adolescents},
author = {Emery, C A and Cassidy, J D and Klassen, T P and Rosychuk, R J and Rowe, B H},
issn = {0031-9023},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Physical Therapy},
volume = {85},
pages = {502--514},
abstract = {Background and Purpose. There is a need in sports medicine for a static and dynamic standing balance measure to quantify balance ability in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability of timed static (eyes open) and dynamic (eyes open and eyes closed) unipedal balance measurements and to examine factors associated with balance. Subjects., Adolescents (n=123) were randomly selected from 10 Calgary high schools. Methods. This study used a repeated-measures design. One rater measured unipedal standing balance, including timed eyes-closed static (ECS), eyes-open dynamic (EOD), and eyes-closed dynamic (ECD) balance at baseline and I week later. Dynamic balance was measured on a foam surface. Reliability was examined using both intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland and Altman statistical techniques. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine other potentially influencing factors. Results. Based on ICCs, test-retest reliability was adequate for ECS, EOD, and ECD balance (ICC= .69, .59, and .46, respectively). The results of Bland and Altman methods, however, suggest that caution is required in interpreting reliability based on ICCs alone. Although both ECS balance and ECD balance appear to demonstrate adequate test-retest reliability by ICC, Bland and Altman methods of agreement demonstrate sufficient reliability for ECD balance only. Thirty percent of the subjects reached the 180-second maximum on EOD balance, suggesting that this test is not appropriate for use in this population. Balance ability (ECS and ECD) was better in adolescents with no past history of lower-extremity injury. Discussion and Conclusion. Timed ECD balance is an appropriate and reliable clinical measurement for use in adolescents and is influenced by previous injury.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R; Collins, Michael W; Iverson, Grant L; Johnston, Karen M; Bradley, James P
Grade 1 or "ding" concussions in high school athletes Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 32, pp. 47–54, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lovell2004,
title = {Grade 1 or "ding" concussions in high school athletes},
author = {Lovell, Mark R and Collins, Michael W and Iverson, Grant L and Johnston, Karen M and Bradley, James P},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {32},
pages = {47--54},
address = {Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203,USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent concussion management guidelines have suggested that athletes with mild (grade 1) concussions may be returned to play if asymptomatic for 15 minutes. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a current concussion management guideline in classifying and managing mild concussion. HYPOTHESIS: High school athletes diagnosed with a grade 1 concussion will demonstrate measurable decline in neuropsychological functioning that persists during the 1st week of recovery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study designed to evaluate neuropsychological functioning both prior to and following concussion. METHODS: Forty-three high school athletes completed neuropsychological test performance and symptom ratings prior to the season and at two times during the 1st week following mild concussion. RESULTS: Thirty-six hours after injury, mildly concussed high school athletes demonstrated a decline in memory (P \< 0.003) and a dramatic increase in self-reported symptoms (P \< 0.00001) compared to baseline performance. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with grade 1 concussion demonstrated memory deficits and symptoms that persisted beyond the context in which they were injured. These data suggest that current grade 1 return-to-play recommendations that allow for immediate return to play may be too liberal. Clinical Relevance: A reconsideration of current concussion grading systems appears to be warranted.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theye, Fred; Mueller, Karla A
"Heads up": concussions in high school sports Journal Article
In: Clinical Medicine & Research, vol. 2, pp. 165–171, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Theye2004,
title = {"Heads up": concussions in high school sports},
author = {Theye, Fred and Mueller, Karla A},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Medicine \& Research},
volume = {2},
pages = {165--171},
address = {Department of Neuropsychology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA. theye.fred@marshfieldclinic.org},
abstract = {In the United States, sports-related head injuries occur frequently. The Centers for Disease Control estimates more than 300,000 sports-related concussions occur each year in the United States. There are a number of myths and misunderstandings among health care professionals regarding concussions. In this article, we clarify some reasons for these misunderstandings and provide some of the possible causes for the increased susceptibility of the adolescent athlete, along with evidence-based assessment tools for assisting physicians in making return-to-play decisions. Finally, suggestions for a concussion safety program in the high school setting are also provided. [References: 53]},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A; Cassidy, J D; Klassen, T P; Rosychuk, R J; Rowe, B H
The effectiveness of a proprioceptive balance training program in healthy adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial Journal Article
In: American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 159, pp. S46–S46, 2004, ISSN: 0002-9262.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2004,
title = {The effectiveness of a proprioceptive balance training program in healthy adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial},
author = {Emery, C A and Cassidy, J D and Klassen, T P and Rosychuk, R J and Rowe, B H},
issn = {0002-9262},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
volume = {159},
pages = {S46--S46},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A
Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review of the literature Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 256–268, 2003, ISSN: 1050-642X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2003a,
title = {Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review of the literature},
author = {Emery, C A},
issn = {1050-642X},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {13},
pages = {256--268},
abstract = {Objective: The objective of this systematic review of the literature is to identify risk factors and potential prevention strategies that may modify risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport. Data Sources: Seven electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant articles. A combination of Medical Subject Headings and text words were used (athletic injuries, sports injury, risk factors, adolescent, and child). Study Selection: This review is based on epidemiological evidence in which the data are original, an exposure and outcome are objectively measured, and an attempt is made to create a comparison group. Forty-five studies were selected for this review. Data Extraction: The data summarized include study design, study population, exposures, outcomes, and results. Estimates of odds ratios or relative risks were calculated where study data were adequate to do so. The quality of evidence is based on internal validity, external validity, and causal association. Data Synthesis: There is some evidence that potentially modifiable risk factors including poor endurance, lack of pre-season training, and some psychosocial factors are important risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport. Concerns with study design, internal validity, and generalizability persist. The evidence is consistent, however, with more convincing evidence from adult population studies. The evidence for non-modifiable risk factors for injury in adolescent sport (ie, age, sex, previous injury) is consistent among studies. Conclusions: Sport participation and injury rates in child and adolescent sport are high. This review will assist in targeting the relevant groups and designing future research examining risk factors and prevention strategies in child and adolescent sport. Future clinical trials addressing modifiable risk factors to reduce the incidence of sports injury in this population are necessary.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daley, M; Dekaban, G; Bartha, R; Brown, A; Stewart, T C; Doherty, T; Fischer, L; Holmes, J; Menon, R S; Rupar, C A; Shoemaker, J K; Fraser, D D
Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method Journal Article
In: Metabolomics, vol. 12, no. 12, 2016.
@article{Daley2016,
title = {Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method},
author = {Daley, M and Dekaban, G and Bartha, R and Brown, A and Stewart, T C and Doherty, T and Fischer, L and Holmes, J and Menon, R S and Rupar, C A and Shoemaker, J K and Fraser, D D},
doi = {10.1007/s11306-016-1131-5},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Metabolomics},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
abstract = {Introduction: Concussions are a major health concern as they cause significant acute symptoms and in some athletes, long-term neurologic dysfunction. Diagnosis of concussion can be difficult, as are the decisions to stop play. Objective: To determine if concussions in adolescent male hockey players could be diagnosed using plasma metabolomics profiling. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 12 concussed and 17 non-concussed athletes, and assayed for 174 metabolites with proton nuclear magnetic resonance and direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analysed with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning. Results: The estimated time from concussion occurrence to blood draw at the first clinic visit was 2.3 ± 0.7 days. Using principal component analysis, the leading 10 components, each containing 9 metabolites, were shown to account for 82 % of the variance between cohorts, and relied heavily on changes in glycerophospholipids. Cross-validation of the classifier using a leave-one out approach demonstrated a 92 % accuracy rate in diagnosing a concussion (P \< 0.0001). The number of metabolites required to achieve the 92 % diagnostic accuracy was minimized from 174 to as few as 17 metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic analyses generated an area under the curve of 0.91, indicating excellent concussion diagnostic potential. Conclusion: Metabolomics profiling, together with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning, identified concussed athletes with \>90 % certainty. Metabolomics profiling represents a novel diagnostic method for concussion, and may be amenable to point-of-care testing. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W
Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015, ISBN: 01959131.
@article{Dematteo2015b,
title = {Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion},
author = {Dematteo, Carol and Volterman, Kimberly A and Breithaupt, Peter G and Claridge, Everett A and Adamich, John and Timmons, Brian W},
isbn = {01959131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose: The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods: Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results: Participants had a mean T SD symptom duration of 6.3 T 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions: Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Matic, G T; Sommerfeldt, M F; Best, T M; Collins, C L; Comstock, R D; Flanigan, D C
Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013 Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 43, pp. 119–125, 2015.
@article{Matic2015,
title = {Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013},
author = {Matic, G T and Sommerfeldt, M F and Best, T M and Collins, C L and Comstock, R D and Flanigan, D C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {43},
pages = {119--125},
address = {Matic,George T. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The popularity of ice hockey has grown in recent years and injuries are a concern given the physical nature of the sport. We sought to report the rates, mechanisms, and severity of boys' US high school ice hockey injuries. We hypothesized that body checking would be a major source of injury and that concussions would be common. We also expected to find that competition would have a higher rate of injury than practice. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Boys' US high school ice hockey injury data from 2008/2009 through 2012/2013 academic years were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School Reporting Information Online database. The primary outcome was rate of injury per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). RESULTS: Overall, 724 boys ice hockey injuries occurred during 311,817 AEs for an injury rate of 23.2 per 10,000 AEs. Injury rates were significantly higher during competition compared to practice (rate ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 6.5-9.4). Concussion was the most frequent injury reported at a rate of 6.4 per 10,000 AEs. Body checking was the mechanism of injury in over 46% of injuries. The head/face/neck region (33.8%) and upper arm/shoulder region (20.6%) were the most commonly injured body sites. Just over 6% of injuries resulted in surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Injuries among high school ice hockey athletes are common. Increases in the number of high school ice hockey injuries will likely parallel the increase in high school ice hockey participation in the United States.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moor, H M; Eisenhauer, R C; Killian, K D; Proudfoot, N; Henriques, A A; Congeni, J A; Reneker, J C
The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 10, pp. 225–233, 2015.
@article{Moor2015,
title = {The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study},
author = {Moor, H M and Eisenhauer, R C and Killian, K D and Proudfoot, N and Henriques, A A and Congeni, J A and Reneker, J C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {10},
pages = {225--233},
address = {Moor,Heather M. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Eisenhauer,Rita C. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Killian,Kathleen D. Walsh Univ},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adherence to rehabilitation is widely accepted as vital for recovery and return to play following sports injuries. Medical management of concussion is centered around physical and cognitive rest, a theory largely based on expert opinion, not empirical evidence. Current research on this topic focuses on factors that are predictive of adherence to rehabilitation, but fails to examine if patient adherence leads to a better outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence tendencies of adolescents to treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician after a concussion and to determine if adherence to each recommendation was a predictor of treatment duration. STUDY DESIGN: Observational. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in the study at their initial visit to the Sports-Medicine Center for medical care after a sports-related concussion. Individual treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician for concussion were recorded over the course of each participant's care. Once released from medical care, each participant was contacted to complete an online questionnaire to measure self-reported adherence tendencies to each treatment recommendation. Adherence was measured by two constructs: 1) the reported receptivity to the recommendation and 2) the frequency of following the recommendation. Exploratory univariate Poisson regression analyses were used to describe the relationship between adherence behaviors and the number of days of treatment required before the participant was returned to play. RESULTS: Fifty-six questionnaires were completed, by 30 male and 26 female adolescent athletes. The self-reported adherence tendencies were very high. None of the measures of adherence to the treatment recommendations were significant predictors of the number of days of treatment; however, there was a clear tendency in five of the six rest parameters (physical rest, cognitive rest with restrictions from electronics, and cognitive rest with restrictions from school), where high levels of adherence to rest resulted in an increased average number of days of treatment (slower recovery) and those who reported being less adherent recovered faster. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents were generally adherent to the physician recommendations. Those participants who reported being less adherent to physical and cognitive rest generally recovered faster than those who reported higher levels of adherence to these recommendations. As time progresses after the initial injury, physical and mental rest may be less effective to hasten recovery than more active treatment recommendations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W
Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.
@article{DeMatteo2015,
title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},
author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mannix, R; Iverson, G L; Maxwell, B; Atkins, J E; Zafonte, R; Berkner, P D
Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Annals of Clinical & Translational Neurology, vol. 1, pp. 433–438, 2014.
@article{Mannix2014a,
title = {Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes},
author = {Mannix, R and Iverson, G L and Maxwell, B and Atkins, J E and Zafonte, R and Berkner, P D},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Clinical \& Translational Neurology},
volume = {1},
pages = {433--438},
address = {Mannix,Rebekah. Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts ; Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts. Iverson,Grant L. Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of prior concussion on baseline computerized neurocognitive testing in a large cohort of high school athletes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of student athletes from 49 Maine High Schools in 2010 who underwent baseline computerized neurocognitive evaluation with Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). As part of the ImPACT, subjects reported a prior history of concussion as well as demographic information and a symptom questionnaire. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of prior concussion with baseline: (1) ImPACT composite scores; and (2) symptom scores. RESULTS: Six thousand seventy-five subjects were included in the study, of whom 57% were boys. The majority of student athletes (85.3%) reported no prior history of concussion while 4.6% reported having sustained two or more prior concussions. On simple linear regression, increasing number of concussions was related to worse performance in verbal memory (P = 0.039) and greater symptoms scores (P \< 0.001). On multivariate modeling, only the association with baseline symptoms remained (P \< 0.001). Other factors associated with baseline symptom reporting in the multivariate model included mental health history, headache/migraine history, gender, developmental and/or learning problems, and number of prior concussions. INTERPRETATION: In this large-scale, retrospective survey study, history of multiple prior concussions was associated with higher symptom burden but not baseline computerized neurocognitive testing. The association between baseline symptom reporting and clinical and demographic factors was greater than the association with a history of multiple concussions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wagner, Will
Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future Journal Article
In: Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 3, 2014.
@article{Wagner2014,
title = {Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future},
author = {Wagner, Will},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports and Entertainment Law Journal},
volume = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, C L; Fletcher, E N; Fields, S K; Kluchurosky, L; Rohrkemper, M K; Comstock, R D; Cantu, R C
Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 35, pp. 309–319, 2014.
@article{Collins2014a,
title = {Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports},
author = {Collins, C L and Fletcher, E N and Fields, S K and Kluchurosky, L and Rohrkemper, M K and Comstock, R D and Cantu, R C},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Primary Prevention},
volume = {35},
pages = {309--319},
address = {Collins,Christy L. Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.},
abstract = {As the number of high school students participating in athletics continues to increase, so will the number of sports-related concussions unless effective concussion prevention programs are developed. We sought to develop and validate a cost-effective tool to measure neck strength in a high school setting, conduct a feasibility study to determine if the developed tool could be reliably applied by certified athletic trainers (ATs) in a high school setting, and conduct a pilot study to determine if anthropometric measurements captured by ATs can predict concussion risk. In the study's first phase, 16 adult subjects underwent repeated neck strength testing by a group of five ATs to validate the developed hand-held tension scale, a cost effective alternative to a hand-held dynamometer. In the second phase, during the 2010 and 2011 academic years, ATs from 51 high schools in 25 states captured pre-season anthropometric measurements for 6,704 high school athletes in boys' and girls' soccer, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as reported concussion incidence and athletic exposure data. We found high correlations between neck strength measurements taken with the developed tool and a hand-held dynamometer and the measurements taken by five ATs. Smaller mean neck circumference, smaller mean neck to head circumference ratio, and weaker mean overall neck strength were significantly associated with concussion. Overall neck strength (p \< 0.001), gender (p \< 0.001), and sport (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of concussions in unadjusted models. After adjusting for gender and sport, overall neck strength remained a significant predictor of concussion (p = 0.004). For every one pound increase in neck strength, odds of concussion decreased by 5 % (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92-0.98). We conclude that identifying differences in overall neck strength may be useful in developing a screening tool to determine which high school athletes are at higher risk of concussion. Once identified, these athletes could be targeted for concussion prevention programs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haarbauer-Krupa, J; Revels, A; Mautz, K
Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 26, pp. 432, 2011, ISSN: 0885-9701.
@article{Haarbauer-Krupa2011,
title = {Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports},
author = {Haarbauer-Krupa, J and Revels, A and Mautz, K},
issn = {0885-9701},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {26},
pages = {432},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sabin, Matthew J; Van Boxtel, Bridget A; Nohren, Matthew W; Broglio, Steven P
Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 21, pp. 411–415, 2011.
@article{Sabin2011,
title = {Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes},
author = {Sabin, Matthew J and {Van Boxtel}, Bridget A and Nohren, Matthew W and Broglio, Steven P},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {21},
pages = {411--415},
address = {From the *Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky; +Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado; ++ATI Physical Therapy, Chicago, Illinois; and [section]Neurotrauma Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Universi},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: : Headache is the primary self-reported symptom used to indicate concussion. Thus, we examined the relationship between reports of nonconcussion-induced headache after contact sport participation and scores on common concussion assessment measures. DESIGN: : Two-group repeated measures. SETTING: : Secondary school. PARTICIPANTS: : One hundred five athletes from 3 area football teams completed a baseline evaluation. Sixteen athletes reported headaches after a practice/game and were compared with 16 gender-matched, age-matched, height-matched, weight-matched, and position-matched controls. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:: Self-report headache. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : Symptom severity and endorsement reported on the Graded Symptoms Checklist (GSC), neurostatus measured using the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and postural control evaluated with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). RESULTS: : Total symptom severity significantly increased (P \< 0.01; 8.06 +/- 2.22 to 16.06 +/- 3.82) in the headache group and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 6.81 +/- 1.85 to 3.00 +/- 1.08). Symptom endorsement increased in the headache group (P = 0.06; 3.25 +/- 0.80 to 5.25 +/- 1.08) and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 3.19 +/- 0.78 to 1.69 +/- 0.58). Both groups showed nonsignificant (P \> 0.05) changes in SAC scores (headache, 24.75 +/- 0.73 to 24.81 +/- 0.75; nonheadache, 24.50 +/- 0.73 to 24.87 +/- 1.20). Errors of the BESS significantly increased in both the groups at postgame/postpractice evaluation (headache},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R J; Nakayama, Yusuke
Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 38, pp. 87–93, 2010.
@article{Covassin2010b,
title = {Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Covassin, Tracey and Elbin, R J and Nakayama, Yusuke},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {87--93},
address = {Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. covassin@msu.edu.},
abstract = {Objective To extend previous research designs and examine cognitive performance up to 30 days postconcussion. Method A prospective cohort design was used to examine 2000 athletes from 8 mid-Michigan area high schools to compare baseline neurocognitive performance with postconcussion neurocognitive performance. All concussed athletes were readministered the Immediate Post Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) at 2, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days postconcussion. Results A total of 72 high school athletes (aged 15.8 +/- 1.34 years) sustained a concussion. A significant within-subjects effect for reaction time (F = 10.01; P = 0.000), verbal memory (F = 3.05; P = 0.012), motor processing speed (F = 18.51; P = 0.000), and total symptoms following an injury (F = 16.45; P = 0.000) was found. Concussed athletes demonstrated a significant decrease in reaction time up to 14 days postconcussion (P = 0.001) compared with baseline reaction time. Reaction time returned to baseline levels at 21 days postinjury (P = 0.25). At 7 days postinjury, impairments in verbal memory (P = 0.003) and motor processing speed (P = 0.000) were documented and returned to baseline levels by 14 days postinjury. Concussed athletes self-reported significantly more symptoms at 2 days postconcussion (P = 0.000) and exhibited a resolution of symptoms by 7 days postinjury (P = 0.06). Conclusion High school athletes could take up to 21 days to return to baseline levels for reaction time. These data support current recommendations for the conservative management of concussion in the high school athlete.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dailey, Andrew; Harrop, James S; France, John C
High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation? Journal Article
In: Spine, vol. 35, pp. S193–201, 2010.
@article{Dailey2010,
title = {High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation?},
author = {Dailey, Andrew and Harrop, James S and France, John C},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Spine},
volume = {35},
pages = {S193--201},
address = {Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Clinically based systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal clinical care for patients after sport-related neuropraxic injuries using a systematic review supported with expert opinion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Athletes who participate in contact sports may experience cervical cord neuropraxia, with bilateral motor or sensory symptoms such as burning, numbness, or loss of sensation referable to the cervical spinal cord. The symptoms last from minutes to hours, but recovery is usually believed to be complete. The underlying condition is cervical spinal stenosis that predisposes the athlete to a transient compression or concussive injury to the spinal cord. METHODS: Focused questions on the treatment of cervical spine sport-related injuries resulting in transient neuropraxia were refined by a panel of spine traumatology surgeons consisting of fellowship-trained neurologic and orthopedic surgeons. Medical subject heading keywords were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify pertinent English-language abstracts and articles whose focus was human subjects. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. The proposed questions were answered using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence-based review system. These treatment recommendations were rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. RESULTS: The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. One hundred fifty-three pertinent articles were identified; these were supplemented with additional articles to form an evidentiary table with 17 original articles containing unique patient data. CONCLUSION: Literature regarding the optimal treatment of patients with transient neuropraxia is of low quality. On the basis of expert opinion, there was a recommendation that a return to full participation in high-energy contact sports could be based on radiographic findings: patients with transient neuropraxia without stenosis could return as a strong recommendation, whereas stenotic patients could not return as a weak recommendation. Furthermore, a strong recommendation was made to permit players to return to full participation after decompression with a single-level anterior cervical fusion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGrath, Neal
Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 45, pp. 492–498, 2010.
@article{McGrath2010,
title = {Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion},
author = {McGrath, Neal},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {45},
pages = {492--498},
address = {Sports Concussion New England, Brookline, MA 02446, USA. dr.neal@sportsconcussion.net},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article provides a framework for school athletic trainers to use in advising colleagues about the health and academic needs of student-athletes presenting with concussions. BACKGROUND: Management of sport-related concussions has been an area of growing concern for school athletic programs. Recent work in this area has highlighted significant risks for student-athletes presenting with these mild traumatic brain injuries. DESCRIPTION: Topics covered include general teaching points for the athletic trainer to use with school colleagues. An integrated model for school management of sport concussion injuries is presented that includes involvement of the student's athletic trainer, school nurse, guidance counselor, teachers, social worker, psychologist, physicians, and parents. CLINICAL ADVANTAGES: Academic accommodations for specific postconcussion symptoms are proposed that may help the student-athlete strike an optimum balance between rest and continued academic progress during recovery.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lee, Michael A; Fine, Benjamin
Adolescent concussions Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 74, pp. 149–156, 2010.
@article{Lee2010,
title = {Adolescent concussions},
author = {Lee, Michael A and Fine, Benjamin},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {74},
pages = {149--156},
address = {Pediatric Healthcare Associates, Southport, USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The amount of literature dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent concussions is considerable. Most articles focus on the athlete. This study examines both sports-related and nonsports-related concussions in adolescents, their etiology, mechanisms of injury (categorized by sport), symptoms exhibited, physical findings, computerized tomography scan results and the problem of prolonged recovery (persistent postconcussion syndrome used in this article to mean symptoms lasting over four weeks.) OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present the data, their significance and a new method of management that has successfully allowed the author's concussed patients to recover more rapidly. METHOD: A retrospective review of 863 adolescent concussions, in 11-year-old to 19-year-old patients, from July 2004 through December 31, 2008. Subjects were seen as a result of referrals largely from the author's practice (Pediatric Healthcare Associates), other physicians, athletic trainers or patients previously treated. All concussions, including nonsports-related concussions, were included in the study. Some patients had multiple concussions; 774 individuals accounted for the 863 concussions. The number of patients by age and the number of concussions they sustained are listed below.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keightley, Michelle; Duggan, Catrin Theresa; Reed, Nick; McAuliffe, Jim; Taha, Tim; Faught, Brent; McPherson, Moira; Baker, Joseph; Montelpare, William
Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: BMJ Case Reports, pp. –, 2009.
@article{Keightley2009,
title = {Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Keightley, Michelle and Duggan, Catrin Theresa and Reed, Nick and McAuliffe, Jim and Taha, Tim and Faught, Brent and McPherson, Moira and Baker, Joseph and Montelpare, William},
doi = {10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0148},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {BMJ Case Reports},
pages = {--},
edition = {April 14,},
abstract = {Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common but relatively understudied childhood injury that can impact cognitive functioning and development. The present report describes a case study of a 14-year-old boy who sustained two consecutive sports-related mTBIs within a 24 h period. Neurocognitive functioning at 2, 6, 8, 55 and 225 days after injury is compared to baseline prior to injury assessment on the same measures. Results from Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Conner Continuous Performance Test 2 (CPT-II) and the Attention Network Test (ANT) revealed decreased performance in attention, visual memory functioning and impulsivity, with some measures still not returning to baseline at 225 days post injury. The results are discussed with respect to return to normal activities at 4 days post injury. This case study highlights the need for increased research regarding the clinical management of mTBI in the paediatric population, particularly the potential deleterious effects of cumulative injuries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rose, M S; Emery, C A; Meeuwisse, W H
Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 40, pp. 444–450, 2008, ISSN: 0195-9131.
@article{Rose2008,
title = {Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents},
author = {Rose, M S and Emery, C A and Meeuwisse, W H},
doi = {10.1249/mss.0b013e31815ce61a},
issn = {0195-9131},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {40},
pages = {444--450},
abstract = {Objective: To examine sociodemographic risk factors for sport injury in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey design in which a random sample of high school students (ages 14-19) completed an in-class survey (N = 2721). Students were asked questions regarding sociodemographic factors, sport participation, and sport injury in the past year. Results: The incidence proportion of self-reported and medically treated sports injury, adjusting for the clustering effect of school, was 67.5 (95% CI; 64.2-71.1) and 43.2 (95% CI; 40.4-46.3) per 100 adolescents per year, respectively. Students from small towns had a lower risk of injury than those in the larger urban center (ORadjusted = 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). Non-Caucasian students had a lower risk of injury than did Caucasian students (ORadjusted = 0.63 (95% CI 0.5-0.79) for all sport injury and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47-0.7) for medically treated sport injury. Students with BMI in the 50th-90th percentiles had the greatest risk of sport injury. The risk of injury increased with weekly hours of participation. Conclusions: Location of residence, weekly exposure (participation hours), ethnicity, and BMI were simultaneous predictors of sport injuries in adolescents.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R; Fazio, Vanessa
Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 7, pp. 12–15, 2008.
@article{Lovell2008,
title = {Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete},
author = {Lovell, Mark R and Fazio, Vanessa},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {7},
pages = {12--15},
address = {Sports Medicine Concussion Program, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, North Huntingdon, PA 15203, USA. lovellmr@upmc.edu},
abstract = {This article reviews the status of concussion management in child and adolescent athletes. Children and adolescent athletes represent a distinct group from adult athletes, although past concussion guidelines have not specifically addressed these differences. It is the position of this article that younger athletes need to be considered as a separate group and that conservative management of concussion is often called for. Neurodevelopmental differences between adult and child athletes are highlighted and new developments in the management of concussion in youth sports are discussed. [References: 24]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Peota, Carmen
The school of hard knocks Journal Article
In: Minnesota Medicine, vol. 89, pp. 10–12, 2006.
@article{Peota2006,
title = {The school of hard knocks},
author = {Peota, Carmen},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Minnesota Medicine},
volume = {89},
pages = {10--12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Flora, K C; McCrea, M; Hammeke, T A; Olsen, G S; Leo, P; Guskiewicz, K; Randolph, C; Barr, W
Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 19, pp. 149–150, 2005, ISSN: 1385-4046.
@article{Flora2005,
title = {Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Flora, K C and McCrea, M and Hammeke, T A and Olsen, G S and Leo, P and Guskiewicz, K and Randolph, C and Barr, W},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {19},
pages = {149--150},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vestberg, Torbjörn; Reinebo, Gustaf; Maurex, Liselotte; Ingvar, Martin; Petrovic, Predrag
Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2017, ISBN: 19326203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory
@article{Vestberg2017,
title = {Core executive functions are associated with success in young elite soccer players},
author = {Vestberg, Torbj\"{o}rn and Reinebo, Gustaf and Maurex, Liselotte and Ingvar, Martin and Petrovic, Predrag},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170845},
isbn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Physical capacity and coordination cannot alone predict success in team sports such as soccer. Instead, more focus has been directed towards the importance of cognitive abilities, and it has been suggested that executive functions (EF) are fundamentally important for success in soccer. However, executive functions are going through a steep development from adolescence to adulthood. Moreover, more complex EF involving manipulation of information (higher level EF) develop later than simple executive functions such as those linked to simple working memory capacity (Core EF). The link between EF and success in young soccer players is therefore not obvious. In the present study we investigated whether EF are associated with success in soccer in young elite soccer players. We performed tests measuring core EF (a demanding working memory task involving a variable n-back task; dWM) and higher level EF (Design Fluency test; DF). Color-Word Interference Test and Trail Making Test were performed on an exploratory level as they contain a linguistic element. The lower level EF test (dWM) was taken from CogStateSport computerized concussion testing and the higher level EF test (DF) was from Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System test battery (D-KEFS). In a group of young elite soccer players (n = 30; aged 12\textendash19 years) we show that they perform better than the norm in both the dWM (+0.49 SD) and DF (+0.86 SD). Moreover, we could show that both dWM and DF correlate with the number of goals the players perform during the season. The effect was more prominent for dWM (r = 0.437) than for DF (r = 0.349), but strongest for a combined measurement (r = 0.550). The effect was still present when we controlled for intelligence, length and age in a partial correlation analysis. Thus, our study suggests that both core and higher level EF may predict success in soccer also in young players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {adolescents, Age groups, attention, behavior, Biology and life sciences, cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive science, Creativity, Inhibitions, Learning and memory, Memory, Neuroscience, People and places, Population groupings, psychology, recreation, Research Article, Social sciences, Sports, Sports science, working memory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daley, M; Dekaban, G; Bartha, R; Brown, A; Stewart, T C; Doherty, T; Fischer, L; Holmes, J; Menon, R S; Rupar, C A; Shoemaker, J K; Fraser, D D
Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method Journal Article
In: Metabolomics, vol. 12, no. 12, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents, Biomarker, Concussion, DIAGNOSIS, ice hockey, Metabolomics
@article{Daley2016,
title = {Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method},
author = {Daley, M and Dekaban, G and Bartha, R and Brown, A and Stewart, T C and Doherty, T and Fischer, L and Holmes, J and Menon, R S and Rupar, C A and Shoemaker, J K and Fraser, D D},
doi = {10.1007/s11306-016-1131-5},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Metabolomics},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
abstract = {Introduction: Concussions are a major health concern as they cause significant acute symptoms and in some athletes, long-term neurologic dysfunction. Diagnosis of concussion can be difficult, as are the decisions to stop play. Objective: To determine if concussions in adolescent male hockey players could be diagnosed using plasma metabolomics profiling. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 12 concussed and 17 non-concussed athletes, and assayed for 174 metabolites with proton nuclear magnetic resonance and direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analysed with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning. Results: The estimated time from concussion occurrence to blood draw at the first clinic visit was 2.3 ± 0.7 days. Using principal component analysis, the leading 10 components, each containing 9 metabolites, were shown to account for 82 % of the variance between cohorts, and relied heavily on changes in glycerophospholipids. Cross-validation of the classifier using a leave-one out approach demonstrated a 92 % accuracy rate in diagnosing a concussion (P \< 0.0001). The number of metabolites required to achieve the 92 % diagnostic accuracy was minimized from 174 to as few as 17 metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic analyses generated an area under the curve of 0.91, indicating excellent concussion diagnostic potential. Conclusion: Metabolomics profiling, together with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning, identified concussed athletes with \>90 % certainty. Metabolomics profiling represents a novel diagnostic method for concussion, and may be amenable to point-of-care testing. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {adolescents, Biomarker, Concussion, DIAGNOSIS, ice hockey, Metabolomics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W
Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015, ISBN: 01959131.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS
@article{Dematteo2015b,
title = {Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion},
author = {Dematteo, Carol and Volterman, Kimberly A and Breithaupt, Peter G and Claridge, Everett A and Adamich, John and Timmons, Brian W},
isbn = {01959131},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose: The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods: Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results: Participants had a mean T SD symptom duration of 6.3 T 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions: Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds \& injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Matic, G T; Sommerfeldt, M F; Best, T M; Collins, C L; Comstock, R D; Flanigan, D C
Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013 Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 43, pp. 119–125, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Matic2015,
title = {Ice hockey injuries among United States high school athletes from 2008/2009-2012/2013},
author = {Matic, G T and Sommerfeldt, M F and Best, T M and Collins, C L and Comstock, R D and Flanigan, D C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {43},
pages = {119--125},
address = {Matic,George T. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The popularity of ice hockey has grown in recent years and injuries are a concern given the physical nature of the sport. We sought to report the rates, mechanisms, and severity of boys' US high school ice hockey injuries. We hypothesized that body checking would be a major source of injury and that concussions would be common. We also expected to find that competition would have a higher rate of injury than practice. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Boys' US high school ice hockey injury data from 2008/2009 through 2012/2013 academic years were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, High School Reporting Information Online database. The primary outcome was rate of injury per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). RESULTS: Overall, 724 boys ice hockey injuries occurred during 311,817 AEs for an injury rate of 23.2 per 10,000 AEs. Injury rates were significantly higher during competition compared to practice (rate ratio = 7.8, 95% confidence interval: 6.5-9.4). Concussion was the most frequent injury reported at a rate of 6.4 per 10,000 AEs. Body checking was the mechanism of injury in over 46% of injuries. The head/face/neck region (33.8%) and upper arm/shoulder region (20.6%) were the most commonly injured body sites. Just over 6% of injuries resulted in surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Injuries among high school ice hockey athletes are common. Increases in the number of high school ice hockey injuries will likely parallel the increase in high school ice hockey participation in the United States.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moor, H M; Eisenhauer, R C; Killian, K D; Proudfoot, N; Henriques, A A; Congeni, J A; Reneker, J C
The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 10, pp. 225–233, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Moor2015,
title = {The relationship between adherence behaviors and recovery time in adolescents after a sports-related concussion: an observational study},
author = {Moor, H M and Eisenhauer, R C and Killian, K D and Proudfoot, N and Henriques, A A and Congeni, J A and Reneker, J C},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {10},
pages = {225--233},
address = {Moor,Heather M. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Eisenhauer,Rita C. Walsh University,Department of Physical Therapy, 2020 E. Maple Street, North Canton, Oh 44720. Killian,Kathleen D. Walsh Univ},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adherence to rehabilitation is widely accepted as vital for recovery and return to play following sports injuries. Medical management of concussion is centered around physical and cognitive rest, a theory largely based on expert opinion, not empirical evidence. Current research on this topic focuses on factors that are predictive of adherence to rehabilitation, but fails to examine if patient adherence leads to a better outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence tendencies of adolescents to treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician after a concussion and to determine if adherence to each recommendation was a predictor of treatment duration. STUDY DESIGN: Observational. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in the study at their initial visit to the Sports-Medicine Center for medical care after a sports-related concussion. Individual treatment recommendations provided by a sports-medicine physician for concussion were recorded over the course of each participant's care. Once released from medical care, each participant was contacted to complete an online questionnaire to measure self-reported adherence tendencies to each treatment recommendation. Adherence was measured by two constructs: 1) the reported receptivity to the recommendation and 2) the frequency of following the recommendation. Exploratory univariate Poisson regression analyses were used to describe the relationship between adherence behaviors and the number of days of treatment required before the participant was returned to play. RESULTS: Fifty-six questionnaires were completed, by 30 male and 26 female adolescent athletes. The self-reported adherence tendencies were very high. None of the measures of adherence to the treatment recommendations were significant predictors of the number of days of treatment; however, there was a clear tendency in five of the six rest parameters (physical rest, cognitive rest with restrictions from electronics, and cognitive rest with restrictions from school), where high levels of adherence to rest resulted in an increased average number of days of treatment (slower recovery) and those who reported being less adherent recovered faster. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents were generally adherent to the physician recommendations. Those participants who reported being less adherent to physical and cognitive rest generally recovered faster than those who reported higher levels of adherence to these recommendations. As time progresses after the initial injury, physical and mental rest may be less effective to hasten recovery than more active treatment recommendations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W
Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors
@article{DeMatteo2015,
title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},
author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {47},
number = {11},
pages = {2283--2290},
abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mannix, R; Iverson, G L; Maxwell, B; Atkins, J E; Zafonte, R; Berkner, P D
Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Annals of Clinical & Translational Neurology, vol. 1, pp. 433–438, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Mannix2014a,
title = {Multiple prior concussions are associated with symptoms in high school athletes},
author = {Mannix, R and Iverson, G L and Maxwell, B and Atkins, J E and Zafonte, R and Berkner, P D},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Clinical \& Translational Neurology},
volume = {1},
pages = {433--438},
address = {Mannix,Rebekah. Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts ; Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts. Iverson,Grant L. Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of prior concussion on baseline computerized neurocognitive testing in a large cohort of high school athletes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of student athletes from 49 Maine High Schools in 2010 who underwent baseline computerized neurocognitive evaluation with Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). As part of the ImPACT, subjects reported a prior history of concussion as well as demographic information and a symptom questionnaire. We used linear regression to evaluate the association of prior concussion with baseline: (1) ImPACT composite scores; and (2) symptom scores. RESULTS: Six thousand seventy-five subjects were included in the study, of whom 57% were boys. The majority of student athletes (85.3%) reported no prior history of concussion while 4.6% reported having sustained two or more prior concussions. On simple linear regression, increasing number of concussions was related to worse performance in verbal memory (P = 0.039) and greater symptoms scores (P \< 0.001). On multivariate modeling, only the association with baseline symptoms remained (P \< 0.001). Other factors associated with baseline symptom reporting in the multivariate model included mental health history, headache/migraine history, gender, developmental and/or learning problems, and number of prior concussions. INTERPRETATION: In this large-scale, retrospective survey study, history of multiple prior concussions was associated with higher symptom burden but not baseline computerized neurocognitive testing. The association between baseline symptom reporting and clinical and demographic factors was greater than the association with a history of multiple concussions.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wagner, Will
Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future Journal Article
In: Sports and Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 3, 2014.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Wagner2014,
title = {Liability arising from CTE in high school football ma become a migraine for the sport's future},
author = {Wagner, Will},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports and Entertainment Law Journal},
volume = {3},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, C L; Fletcher, E N; Fields, S K; Kluchurosky, L; Rohrkemper, M K; Comstock, R D; Cantu, R C
Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 35, pp. 309–319, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Collins2014a,
title = {Neck strength: a protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports},
author = {Collins, C L and Fletcher, E N and Fields, S K and Kluchurosky, L and Rohrkemper, M K and Comstock, R D and Cantu, R C},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Primary Prevention},
volume = {35},
pages = {309--319},
address = {Collins,Christy L. Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.},
abstract = {As the number of high school students participating in athletics continues to increase, so will the number of sports-related concussions unless effective concussion prevention programs are developed. We sought to develop and validate a cost-effective tool to measure neck strength in a high school setting, conduct a feasibility study to determine if the developed tool could be reliably applied by certified athletic trainers (ATs) in a high school setting, and conduct a pilot study to determine if anthropometric measurements captured by ATs can predict concussion risk. In the study's first phase, 16 adult subjects underwent repeated neck strength testing by a group of five ATs to validate the developed hand-held tension scale, a cost effective alternative to a hand-held dynamometer. In the second phase, during the 2010 and 2011 academic years, ATs from 51 high schools in 25 states captured pre-season anthropometric measurements for 6,704 high school athletes in boys' and girls' soccer, basketball, and lacrosse, as well as reported concussion incidence and athletic exposure data. We found high correlations between neck strength measurements taken with the developed tool and a hand-held dynamometer and the measurements taken by five ATs. Smaller mean neck circumference, smaller mean neck to head circumference ratio, and weaker mean overall neck strength were significantly associated with concussion. Overall neck strength (p \< 0.001), gender (p \< 0.001), and sport (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of concussions in unadjusted models. After adjusting for gender and sport, overall neck strength remained a significant predictor of concussion (p = 0.004). For every one pound increase in neck strength, odds of concussion decreased by 5 % (OR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.92-0.98). We conclude that identifying differences in overall neck strength may be useful in developing a screening tool to determine which high school athletes are at higher risk of concussion. Once identified, these athletes could be targeted for concussion prevention programs.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haarbauer-Krupa, J; Revels, A; Mautz, K
Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 26, pp. 432, 2011, ISSN: 0885-9701.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Haarbauer-Krupa2011,
title = {Understanding opinions about concussions in high school sports},
author = {Haarbauer-Krupa, J and Revels, A and Mautz, K},
issn = {0885-9701},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {26},
pages = {432},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sabin, Matthew J; Van Boxtel, Bridget A; Nohren, Matthew W; Broglio, Steven P
Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 21, pp. 411–415, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Sabin2011,
title = {Presence of headache does not influence sideline neurostatus or balance in high school football athletes},
author = {Sabin, Matthew J and {Van Boxtel}, Bridget A and Nohren, Matthew W and Broglio, Steven P},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {21},
pages = {411--415},
address = {From the *Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky; +Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado; ++ATI Physical Therapy, Chicago, Illinois; and [section]Neurotrauma Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Universi},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: : Headache is the primary self-reported symptom used to indicate concussion. Thus, we examined the relationship between reports of nonconcussion-induced headache after contact sport participation and scores on common concussion assessment measures. DESIGN: : Two-group repeated measures. SETTING: : Secondary school. PARTICIPANTS: : One hundred five athletes from 3 area football teams completed a baseline evaluation. Sixteen athletes reported headaches after a practice/game and were compared with 16 gender-matched, age-matched, height-matched, weight-matched, and position-matched controls. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:: Self-report headache. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : Symptom severity and endorsement reported on the Graded Symptoms Checklist (GSC), neurostatus measured using the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and postural control evaluated with the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). RESULTS: : Total symptom severity significantly increased (P \< 0.01; 8.06 +/- 2.22 to 16.06 +/- 3.82) in the headache group and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 6.81 +/- 1.85 to 3.00 +/- 1.08). Symptom endorsement increased in the headache group (P = 0.06; 3.25 +/- 0.80 to 5.25 +/- 1.08) and significantly decreased in the nonheadache group (P = 0.01; 3.19 +/- 0.78 to 1.69 +/- 0.58). Both groups showed nonsignificant (P \> 0.05) changes in SAC scores (headache, 24.75 +/- 0.73 to 24.81 +/- 0.75; nonheadache, 24.50 +/- 0.73 to 24.87 +/- 1.20). Errors of the BESS significantly increased in both the groups at postgame/postpractice evaluation (headache},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R J; Nakayama, Yusuke
Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 38, pp. 87–93, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Covassin2010b,
title = {Tracking neurocognitive performance following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Covassin, Tracey and Elbin, R J and Nakayama, Yusuke},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {87--93},
address = {Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. covassin@msu.edu.},
abstract = {Objective To extend previous research designs and examine cognitive performance up to 30 days postconcussion. Method A prospective cohort design was used to examine 2000 athletes from 8 mid-Michigan area high schools to compare baseline neurocognitive performance with postconcussion neurocognitive performance. All concussed athletes were readministered the Immediate Post Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) at 2, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days postconcussion. Results A total of 72 high school athletes (aged 15.8 +/- 1.34 years) sustained a concussion. A significant within-subjects effect for reaction time (F = 10.01; P = 0.000), verbal memory (F = 3.05; P = 0.012), motor processing speed (F = 18.51; P = 0.000), and total symptoms following an injury (F = 16.45; P = 0.000) was found. Concussed athletes demonstrated a significant decrease in reaction time up to 14 days postconcussion (P = 0.001) compared with baseline reaction time. Reaction time returned to baseline levels at 21 days postinjury (P = 0.25). At 7 days postinjury, impairments in verbal memory (P = 0.003) and motor processing speed (P = 0.000) were documented and returned to baseline levels by 14 days postinjury. Concussed athletes self-reported significantly more symptoms at 2 days postconcussion (P = 0.000) and exhibited a resolution of symptoms by 7 days postinjury (P = 0.06). Conclusion High school athletes could take up to 21 days to return to baseline levels for reaction time. These data support current recommendations for the conservative management of concussion in the high school athlete.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dailey, Andrew; Harrop, James S; France, John C
High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation? Journal Article
In: Spine, vol. 35, pp. S193–201, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Dailey2010,
title = {High-energy contact sports and cervical spine neuropraxia injuries: what are the criteria for return to participation?},
author = {Dailey, Andrew and Harrop, James S and France, John C},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Spine},
volume = {35},
pages = {S193--201},
address = {Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Clinically based systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal clinical care for patients after sport-related neuropraxic injuries using a systematic review supported with expert opinion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Athletes who participate in contact sports may experience cervical cord neuropraxia, with bilateral motor or sensory symptoms such as burning, numbness, or loss of sensation referable to the cervical spinal cord. The symptoms last from minutes to hours, but recovery is usually believed to be complete. The underlying condition is cervical spinal stenosis that predisposes the athlete to a transient compression or concussive injury to the spinal cord. METHODS: Focused questions on the treatment of cervical spine sport-related injuries resulting in transient neuropraxia were refined by a panel of spine traumatology surgeons consisting of fellowship-trained neurologic and orthopedic surgeons. Medical subject heading keywords were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify pertinent English-language abstracts and articles whose focus was human subjects. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. The proposed questions were answered using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence-based review system. These treatment recommendations were rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. RESULTS: The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. One hundred fifty-three pertinent articles were identified; these were supplemented with additional articles to form an evidentiary table with 17 original articles containing unique patient data. CONCLUSION: Literature regarding the optimal treatment of patients with transient neuropraxia is of low quality. On the basis of expert opinion, there was a recommendation that a return to full participation in high-energy contact sports could be based on radiographic findings: patients with transient neuropraxia without stenosis could return as a strong recommendation, whereas stenotic patients could not return as a weak recommendation. Furthermore, a strong recommendation was made to permit players to return to full participation after decompression with a single-level anterior cervical fusion.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGrath, Neal
Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 45, pp. 492–498, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{McGrath2010,
title = {Supporting the student-athlete's return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion},
author = {McGrath, Neal},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {45},
pages = {492--498},
address = {Sports Concussion New England, Brookline, MA 02446, USA. dr.neal@sportsconcussion.net},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article provides a framework for school athletic trainers to use in advising colleagues about the health and academic needs of student-athletes presenting with concussions. BACKGROUND: Management of sport-related concussions has been an area of growing concern for school athletic programs. Recent work in this area has highlighted significant risks for student-athletes presenting with these mild traumatic brain injuries. DESCRIPTION: Topics covered include general teaching points for the athletic trainer to use with school colleagues. An integrated model for school management of sport concussion injuries is presented that includes involvement of the student's athletic trainer, school nurse, guidance counselor, teachers, social worker, psychologist, physicians, and parents. CLINICAL ADVANTAGES: Academic accommodations for specific postconcussion symptoms are proposed that may help the student-athlete strike an optimum balance between rest and continued academic progress during recovery.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lee, Michael A; Fine, Benjamin
Adolescent concussions Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 74, pp. 149–156, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lee2010,
title = {Adolescent concussions},
author = {Lee, Michael A and Fine, Benjamin},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {74},
pages = {149--156},
address = {Pediatric Healthcare Associates, Southport, USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The amount of literature dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent concussions is considerable. Most articles focus on the athlete. This study examines both sports-related and nonsports-related concussions in adolescents, their etiology, mechanisms of injury (categorized by sport), symptoms exhibited, physical findings, computerized tomography scan results and the problem of prolonged recovery (persistent postconcussion syndrome used in this article to mean symptoms lasting over four weeks.) OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present the data, their significance and a new method of management that has successfully allowed the author's concussed patients to recover more rapidly. METHOD: A retrospective review of 863 adolescent concussions, in 11-year-old to 19-year-old patients, from July 2004 through December 31, 2008. Subjects were seen as a result of referrals largely from the author's practice (Pediatric Healthcare Associates), other physicians, athletic trainers or patients previously treated. All concussions, including nonsports-related concussions, were included in the study. Some patients had multiple concussions; 774 individuals accounted for the 863 concussions. The number of patients by age and the number of concussions they sustained are listed below.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keightley, Michelle; Duggan, Catrin Theresa; Reed, Nick; McAuliffe, Jim; Taha, Tim; Faught, Brent; McPherson, Moira; Baker, Joseph; Montelpare, William
Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: BMJ Case Reports, pp. –, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Keightley2009,
title = {Paediatric sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Keightley, Michelle and Duggan, Catrin Theresa and Reed, Nick and McAuliffe, Jim and Taha, Tim and Faught, Brent and McPherson, Moira and Baker, Joseph and Montelpare, William},
doi = {10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0148},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {BMJ Case Reports},
pages = {--},
edition = {April 14,},
abstract = {Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common but relatively understudied childhood injury that can impact cognitive functioning and development. The present report describes a case study of a 14-year-old boy who sustained two consecutive sports-related mTBIs within a 24 h period. Neurocognitive functioning at 2, 6, 8, 55 and 225 days after injury is compared to baseline prior to injury assessment on the same measures. Results from Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Conner Continuous Performance Test 2 (CPT-II) and the Attention Network Test (ANT) revealed decreased performance in attention, visual memory functioning and impulsivity, with some measures still not returning to baseline at 225 days post injury. The results are discussed with respect to return to normal activities at 4 days post injury. This case study highlights the need for increased research regarding the clinical management of mTBI in the paediatric population, particularly the potential deleterious effects of cumulative injuries.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rose, M S; Emery, C A; Meeuwisse, W H
Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 40, pp. 444–450, 2008, ISSN: 0195-9131.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Rose2008,
title = {Sociodemographic predictors of sport injury in adolescents},
author = {Rose, M S and Emery, C A and Meeuwisse, W H},
doi = {10.1249/mss.0b013e31815ce61a},
issn = {0195-9131},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {40},
pages = {444--450},
abstract = {Objective: To examine sociodemographic risk factors for sport injury in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey design in which a random sample of high school students (ages 14-19) completed an in-class survey (N = 2721). Students were asked questions regarding sociodemographic factors, sport participation, and sport injury in the past year. Results: The incidence proportion of self-reported and medically treated sports injury, adjusting for the clustering effect of school, was 67.5 (95% CI; 64.2-71.1) and 43.2 (95% CI; 40.4-46.3) per 100 adolescents per year, respectively. Students from small towns had a lower risk of injury than those in the larger urban center (ORadjusted = 0.76, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). Non-Caucasian students had a lower risk of injury than did Caucasian students (ORadjusted = 0.63 (95% CI 0.5-0.79) for all sport injury and 0.57 (95% CI 0.47-0.7) for medically treated sport injury. Students with BMI in the 50th-90th percentiles had the greatest risk of sport injury. The risk of injury increased with weekly hours of participation. Conclusions: Location of residence, weekly exposure (participation hours), ethnicity, and BMI were simultaneous predictors of sport injuries in adolescents.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R; Fazio, Vanessa
Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 7, pp. 12–15, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lovell2008,
title = {Concussion management in the child and adolescent athlete},
author = {Lovell, Mark R and Fazio, Vanessa},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {7},
pages = {12--15},
address = {Sports Medicine Concussion Program, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, North Huntingdon, PA 15203, USA. lovellmr@upmc.edu},
abstract = {This article reviews the status of concussion management in child and adolescent athletes. Children and adolescent athletes represent a distinct group from adult athletes, although past concussion guidelines have not specifically addressed these differences. It is the position of this article that younger athletes need to be considered as a separate group and that conservative management of concussion is often called for. Neurodevelopmental differences between adult and child athletes are highlighted and new developments in the management of concussion in youth sports are discussed. [References: 24]},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Peota, Carmen
The school of hard knocks Journal Article
In: Minnesota Medicine, vol. 89, pp. 10–12, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Peota2006,
title = {The school of hard knocks},
author = {Peota, Carmen},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Minnesota Medicine},
volume = {89},
pages = {10--12},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Flora, K C; McCrea, M; Hammeke, T A; Olsen, G S; Leo, P; Guskiewicz, K; Randolph, C; Barr, W
Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 19, pp. 149–150, 2005, ISSN: 1385-4046.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Flora2005,
title = {Outcomes associated with a symptom-free waiting period following concussion in high school athletes},
author = {Flora, K C and McCrea, M and Hammeke, T A and Olsen, G S and Leo, P and Guskiewicz, K and Randolph, C and Barr, W},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {19},
pages = {149--150},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A; Cassidy, J D; Klassen, T P; Rosychuk, R J; Rowe, B H
Development of a clinical static and dynamic standing balance measurement tool appropriate for use in adolescents Journal Article
In: Physical Therapy, vol. 85, pp. 502–514, 2005, ISSN: 0031-9023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2005,
title = {Development of a clinical static and dynamic standing balance measurement tool appropriate for use in adolescents},
author = {Emery, C A and Cassidy, J D and Klassen, T P and Rosychuk, R J and Rowe, B H},
issn = {0031-9023},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Physical Therapy},
volume = {85},
pages = {502--514},
abstract = {Background and Purpose. There is a need in sports medicine for a static and dynamic standing balance measure to quantify balance ability in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability of timed static (eyes open) and dynamic (eyes open and eyes closed) unipedal balance measurements and to examine factors associated with balance. Subjects., Adolescents (n=123) were randomly selected from 10 Calgary high schools. Methods. This study used a repeated-measures design. One rater measured unipedal standing balance, including timed eyes-closed static (ECS), eyes-open dynamic (EOD), and eyes-closed dynamic (ECD) balance at baseline and I week later. Dynamic balance was measured on a foam surface. Reliability was examined using both intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland and Altman statistical techniques. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine other potentially influencing factors. Results. Based on ICCs, test-retest reliability was adequate for ECS, EOD, and ECD balance (ICC= .69, .59, and .46, respectively). The results of Bland and Altman methods, however, suggest that caution is required in interpreting reliability based on ICCs alone. Although both ECS balance and ECD balance appear to demonstrate adequate test-retest reliability by ICC, Bland and Altman methods of agreement demonstrate sufficient reliability for ECD balance only. Thirty percent of the subjects reached the 180-second maximum on EOD balance, suggesting that this test is not appropriate for use in this population. Balance ability (ECS and ECD) was better in adolescents with no past history of lower-extremity injury. Discussion and Conclusion. Timed ECD balance is an appropriate and reliable clinical measurement for use in adolescents and is influenced by previous injury.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R; Collins, Michael W; Iverson, Grant L; Johnston, Karen M; Bradley, James P
Grade 1 or "ding" concussions in high school athletes Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 32, pp. 47–54, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Lovell2004,
title = {Grade 1 or "ding" concussions in high school athletes},
author = {Lovell, Mark R and Collins, Michael W and Iverson, Grant L and Johnston, Karen M and Bradley, James P},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {32},
pages = {47--54},
address = {Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203,USA.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent concussion management guidelines have suggested that athletes with mild (grade 1) concussions may be returned to play if asymptomatic for 15 minutes. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a current concussion management guideline in classifying and managing mild concussion. HYPOTHESIS: High school athletes diagnosed with a grade 1 concussion will demonstrate measurable decline in neuropsychological functioning that persists during the 1st week of recovery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study designed to evaluate neuropsychological functioning both prior to and following concussion. METHODS: Forty-three high school athletes completed neuropsychological test performance and symptom ratings prior to the season and at two times during the 1st week following mild concussion. RESULTS: Thirty-six hours after injury, mildly concussed high school athletes demonstrated a decline in memory (P \< 0.003) and a dramatic increase in self-reported symptoms (P \< 0.00001) compared to baseline performance. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with grade 1 concussion demonstrated memory deficits and symptoms that persisted beyond the context in which they were injured. These data suggest that current grade 1 return-to-play recommendations that allow for immediate return to play may be too liberal. Clinical Relevance: A reconsideration of current concussion grading systems appears to be warranted.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theye, Fred; Mueller, Karla A
"Heads up": concussions in high school sports Journal Article
In: Clinical Medicine & Research, vol. 2, pp. 165–171, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Theye2004,
title = {"Heads up": concussions in high school sports},
author = {Theye, Fred and Mueller, Karla A},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Medicine \& Research},
volume = {2},
pages = {165--171},
address = {Department of Neuropsychology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA. theye.fred@marshfieldclinic.org},
abstract = {In the United States, sports-related head injuries occur frequently. The Centers for Disease Control estimates more than 300,000 sports-related concussions occur each year in the United States. There are a number of myths and misunderstandings among health care professionals regarding concussions. In this article, we clarify some reasons for these misunderstandings and provide some of the possible causes for the increased susceptibility of the adolescent athlete, along with evidence-based assessment tools for assisting physicians in making return-to-play decisions. Finally, suggestions for a concussion safety program in the high school setting are also provided. [References: 53]},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A; Cassidy, J D; Klassen, T P; Rosychuk, R J; Rowe, B H
The effectiveness of a proprioceptive balance training program in healthy adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial Journal Article
In: American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 159, pp. S46–S46, 2004, ISSN: 0002-9262.
BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2004,
title = {The effectiveness of a proprioceptive balance training program in healthy adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial},
author = {Emery, C A and Cassidy, J D and Klassen, T P and Rosychuk, R J and Rowe, B H},
issn = {0002-9262},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
volume = {159},
pages = {S46--S46},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A
Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review of the literature Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 256–268, 2003, ISSN: 1050-642X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: adolescents
@article{Emery2003a,
title = {Risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport: A systematic review of the literature},
author = {Emery, C A},
issn = {1050-642X},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {13},
pages = {256--268},
abstract = {Objective: The objective of this systematic review of the literature is to identify risk factors and potential prevention strategies that may modify risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport. Data Sources: Seven electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant articles. A combination of Medical Subject Headings and text words were used (athletic injuries, sports injury, risk factors, adolescent, and child). Study Selection: This review is based on epidemiological evidence in which the data are original, an exposure and outcome are objectively measured, and an attempt is made to create a comparison group. Forty-five studies were selected for this review. Data Extraction: The data summarized include study design, study population, exposures, outcomes, and results. Estimates of odds ratios or relative risks were calculated where study data were adequate to do so. The quality of evidence is based on internal validity, external validity, and causal association. Data Synthesis: There is some evidence that potentially modifiable risk factors including poor endurance, lack of pre-season training, and some psychosocial factors are important risk factors for injury in child and adolescent sport. Concerns with study design, internal validity, and generalizability persist. The evidence is consistent, however, with more convincing evidence from adult population studies. The evidence for non-modifiable risk factors for injury in adolescent sport (ie, age, sex, previous injury) is consistent among studies. Conclusions: Sport participation and injury rates in child and adolescent sport are high. This review will assist in targeting the relevant groups and designing future research examining risk factors and prevention strategies in child and adolescent sport. Future clinical trials addressing modifiable risk factors to reduce the incidence of sports injury in this population are necessary.},
keywords = {adolescents},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}