Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D
Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes -- Psychology, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, FACTOR analysis, Headache -- Treatment, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports
@article{Gerrard2017,
title = {Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes},
author = {Gerrard, Paul B and Iverson, Grant L and Atkins, Joseph E and Maxwell, Bruce A and Zafonte, Ross and Schatz, Philip and Berkner, Paul D},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw097},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {117--122},
abstract = {Objective: ImPACT® (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT® in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. Method: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. Results: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. Conclusion: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT® measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes -- Psychology, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, FACTOR analysis, Headache -- Treatment, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poland, K M; McKay, M P; Zonfrillo, M R; Barth, T H; Kaminski, R
Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 17, pp. 6–10, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: athlete, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, crash, school bus, transportation
@article{Poland2016,
title = {Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash},
author = {Poland, K M and McKay, M P and Zonfrillo, M R and Barth, T H and Kaminski, R},
doi = {10.1080/15389588.2016.1194518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {17},
pages = {6--10},
abstract = {Objective: The objective of this article is to present concussion assessment data for 30 male athletes prior to and after being involved in a large school bus crash. The athletes on the bus, all male and aged 14\textendash18 years, were participants in their school's concussion management program that included baseline and postinjury testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Methods: This case study described changes in concussion assessment scores for 30 male athletes following a primarily frontal school bus crash. Data from the school's concussion management program, including baseline test data and postinjury assessment data, were reviewed. Athletes who required multiple postinjury assessments by the program were identified as having had significant cognitive changes as a result of the bus crash. Results: Twenty-nine of 30 athletes were injured. One had lumbar compression fractures; others had various lacerations, abrasions, contusions, sprains, and nasal fractures. ImPACT data (postcrash) were available for all 30 athletes and 28 had available precrash baseline data. A total of 16 athletes (53.3%) had significant cognitive changes indicated by changes in their concussion assessment scores, some of which took months to improve. Conclusion: This case study highlights a unique opportunity to evaluate concussion assessment data from 30 male athletes involved in a high-speed school bus crash. Further, these data provide additional insight into assessing the effectiveness of current school bus occupant protection systems. © 2016 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {athlete, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, crash, school bus, transportation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brooks, Brian L; Holdnack, James A; Iverson, Grant L
To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1026–1036, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: cognition, Cognition Disorders, COGNITIVE testing, Geropsychology, Memory testing, mild cognitive impairment, Multivariate, MULTIVARIATE analysis, Psychometrics, Reliable change index, test-retest
@article{Brooks2016bc,
title = {To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults},
author = {Brooks, Brian L and Holdnack, James A and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw079},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {1026--1036},
abstract = {Objective: The rate at which people obtain reliably improved or declined cognitive test scores when retested, in the absence of a change in clinical condition, is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the prevalence of statistically reliable change scores on memory test batteries in healthy adults and older adults. Method: Participants included three adult and older adult test-retest samples from memory test batteries. Reliable change scores (reliable change index with 90% confidence interval and practice effects) were calculated for the indexes and subtests of each battery. Multivariate analyses involved calculating the frequencies of healthy people obtaining one or more reliably declined or one or more reliably improved scores when considering all change scores simultaneously within each battery. Results: Across all batteries, having one or more reliably changed index or subtest score on retest was common. With most batteries, having two or more reliably changed scores was uncommon. Those with higher intellectual abilities were more likely to have a change on retest; however, no significant differences in base rates were found based on education level, sex, or ethnic minority status. Those older adults who did not have any low memory scores were more likely to improve than decline on retest. Conclusions: Having a single reliably changed score on retest is common when interpreting a battery of memory measures. This has implications for determining cognitive decline and cognitive recovery, suggesting that multivariate interpretation is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {cognition, Cognition Disorders, COGNITIVE testing, Geropsychology, Memory testing, mild cognitive impairment, Multivariate, MULTIVARIATE analysis, Psychometrics, Reliable change index, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article
In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries
@article{Anonymous2016b,
title = {FDA approves software to evaluate head injury},
author = {Anonymous},
doi = {10.1097/01.NURSE.0000502766.73473.3b},
isbn = {03604039},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {24},
abstract = {The article discusses the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and ImPACT Pediatric software systems to evaluate head injuries with reference to possible concussions, cognitive skills and memory tests.},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S
Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE students, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *SELF-evaluation, AFFECT (Psychology), ANALYSIS of variance, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, COMPUTER-assisted medical diagnosis, CORRELATION (Statistics), DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REPEATED measures design, RESEARCH -- Evaluation, RESEARCH -- Methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics)
@article{Resch2013b,
title = {Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT},
author = {Resch, Jacob E and Brown, Cathleen N and Baumgartner, Ted A and Macciocchi, Stephen N and Walpert, Kimberly P and Ferrara, Michael S},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {272--281},
abstract = {The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is reported to possess variable reliability potentially due to a variety of factors, including mood. This study examined the influence of mood on ImPACT performance. A repeated measures design was used to assess 104 healthy, college-aged students. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Brief (POMS-B) and the ImPACT at days 1, 45, and 50. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the POMS-B and ImPACT composite scores. At day 1, the ImPACT's Impulse Control composite score was significantly correlated to POMS-B Fatigue-Inertia mood state (-0.23},
keywords = {*COLLEGE students, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *SELF-evaluation, AFFECT (Psychology), ANALYSIS of variance, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, COMPUTER-assisted medical diagnosis, CORRELATION (Statistics), DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REPEATED measures design, RESEARCH -- Evaluation, RESEARCH -- Methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D
Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.
@article{Gerrard2017,
title = {Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes},
author = {Gerrard, Paul B and Iverson, Grant L and Atkins, Joseph E and Maxwell, Bruce A and Zafonte, Ross and Schatz, Philip and Berkner, Paul D},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw097},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {117--122},
abstract = {Objective: ImPACT® (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT® in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. Method: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. Results: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. Conclusion: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT® measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poland, K M; McKay, M P; Zonfrillo, M R; Barth, T H; Kaminski, R
Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 17, pp. 6–10, 2016.
@article{Poland2016,
title = {Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash},
author = {Poland, K M and McKay, M P and Zonfrillo, M R and Barth, T H and Kaminski, R},
doi = {10.1080/15389588.2016.1194518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {17},
pages = {6--10},
abstract = {Objective: The objective of this article is to present concussion assessment data for 30 male athletes prior to and after being involved in a large school bus crash. The athletes on the bus, all male and aged 14\textendash18 years, were participants in their school's concussion management program that included baseline and postinjury testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Methods: This case study described changes in concussion assessment scores for 30 male athletes following a primarily frontal school bus crash. Data from the school's concussion management program, including baseline test data and postinjury assessment data, were reviewed. Athletes who required multiple postinjury assessments by the program were identified as having had significant cognitive changes as a result of the bus crash. Results: Twenty-nine of 30 athletes were injured. One had lumbar compression fractures; others had various lacerations, abrasions, contusions, sprains, and nasal fractures. ImPACT data (postcrash) were available for all 30 athletes and 28 had available precrash baseline data. A total of 16 athletes (53.3%) had significant cognitive changes indicated by changes in their concussion assessment scores, some of which took months to improve. Conclusion: This case study highlights a unique opportunity to evaluate concussion assessment data from 30 male athletes involved in a high-speed school bus crash. Further, these data provide additional insight into assessing the effectiveness of current school bus occupant protection systems. © 2016 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brooks, Brian L; Holdnack, James A; Iverson, Grant L
To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1026–1036, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
@article{Brooks2016bc,
title = {To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults},
author = {Brooks, Brian L and Holdnack, James A and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw079},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {1026--1036},
abstract = {Objective: The rate at which people obtain reliably improved or declined cognitive test scores when retested, in the absence of a change in clinical condition, is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the prevalence of statistically reliable change scores on memory test batteries in healthy adults and older adults. Method: Participants included three adult and older adult test-retest samples from memory test batteries. Reliable change scores (reliable change index with 90% confidence interval and practice effects) were calculated for the indexes and subtests of each battery. Multivariate analyses involved calculating the frequencies of healthy people obtaining one or more reliably declined or one or more reliably improved scores when considering all change scores simultaneously within each battery. Results: Across all batteries, having one or more reliably changed index or subtest score on retest was common. With most batteries, having two or more reliably changed scores was uncommon. Those with higher intellectual abilities were more likely to have a change on retest; however, no significant differences in base rates were found based on education level, sex, or ethnic minority status. Those older adults who did not have any low memory scores were more likely to improve than decline on retest. Conclusions: Having a single reliably changed score on retest is common when interpreting a battery of memory measures. This has implications for determining cognitive decline and cognitive recovery, suggesting that multivariate interpretation is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article
In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.
@article{Anonymous2016b,
title = {FDA approves software to evaluate head injury},
author = {Anonymous},
doi = {10.1097/01.NURSE.0000502766.73473.3b},
isbn = {03604039},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {24},
abstract = {The article discusses the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and ImPACT Pediatric software systems to evaluate head injuries with reference to possible concussions, cognitive skills and memory tests.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S
Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.
@article{Resch2013b,
title = {Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT},
author = {Resch, Jacob E and Brown, Cathleen N and Baumgartner, Ted A and Macciocchi, Stephen N and Walpert, Kimberly P and Ferrara, Michael S},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {272--281},
abstract = {The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is reported to possess variable reliability potentially due to a variety of factors, including mood. This study examined the influence of mood on ImPACT performance. A repeated measures design was used to assess 104 healthy, college-aged students. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Brief (POMS-B) and the ImPACT at days 1, 45, and 50. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the POMS-B and ImPACT composite scores. At day 1, the ImPACT's Impulse Control composite score was significantly correlated to POMS-B Fatigue-Inertia mood state (-0.23},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D
Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes -- Psychology, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, FACTOR analysis, Headache -- Treatment, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports
@article{Gerrard2017,
title = {Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes},
author = {Gerrard, Paul B and Iverson, Grant L and Atkins, Joseph E and Maxwell, Bruce A and Zafonte, Ross and Schatz, Philip and Berkner, Paul D},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw097},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {117--122},
abstract = {Objective: ImPACT® (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT® in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples. Method: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used. Results: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups. Conclusion: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT® measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes -- Psychology, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, FACTOR analysis, Headache -- Treatment, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury
@article{Brett2016,
title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},
author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {904--914},
abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},
keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poland, K M; McKay, M P; Zonfrillo, M R; Barth, T H; Kaminski, R
Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 17, pp. 6–10, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: athlete, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, crash, school bus, transportation
@article{Poland2016,
title = {Changes in baseline concussion assessment scores following a school bus crash},
author = {Poland, K M and McKay, M P and Zonfrillo, M R and Barth, T H and Kaminski, R},
doi = {10.1080/15389588.2016.1194518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {17},
pages = {6--10},
abstract = {Objective: The objective of this article is to present concussion assessment data for 30 male athletes prior to and after being involved in a large school bus crash. The athletes on the bus, all male and aged 14\textendash18 years, were participants in their school's concussion management program that included baseline and postinjury testing using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Methods: This case study described changes in concussion assessment scores for 30 male athletes following a primarily frontal school bus crash. Data from the school's concussion management program, including baseline test data and postinjury assessment data, were reviewed. Athletes who required multiple postinjury assessments by the program were identified as having had significant cognitive changes as a result of the bus crash. Results: Twenty-nine of 30 athletes were injured. One had lumbar compression fractures; others had various lacerations, abrasions, contusions, sprains, and nasal fractures. ImPACT data (postcrash) were available for all 30 athletes and 28 had available precrash baseline data. A total of 16 athletes (53.3%) had significant cognitive changes indicated by changes in their concussion assessment scores, some of which took months to improve. Conclusion: This case study highlights a unique opportunity to evaluate concussion assessment data from 30 male athletes involved in a high-speed school bus crash. Further, these data provide additional insight into assessing the effectiveness of current school bus occupant protection systems. © 2016 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {athlete, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, crash, school bus, transportation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brooks, Brian L; Holdnack, James A; Iverson, Grant L
To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1026–1036, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: cognition, Cognition Disorders, COGNITIVE testing, Geropsychology, Memory testing, mild cognitive impairment, Multivariate, MULTIVARIATE analysis, Psychometrics, Reliable change index, test-retest
@article{Brooks2016bc,
title = {To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults},
author = {Brooks, Brian L and Holdnack, James A and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw079},
isbn = {08876177},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {1026--1036},
abstract = {Objective: The rate at which people obtain reliably improved or declined cognitive test scores when retested, in the absence of a change in clinical condition, is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the prevalence of statistically reliable change scores on memory test batteries in healthy adults and older adults. Method: Participants included three adult and older adult test-retest samples from memory test batteries. Reliable change scores (reliable change index with 90% confidence interval and practice effects) were calculated for the indexes and subtests of each battery. Multivariate analyses involved calculating the frequencies of healthy people obtaining one or more reliably declined or one or more reliably improved scores when considering all change scores simultaneously within each battery. Results: Across all batteries, having one or more reliably changed index or subtest score on retest was common. With most batteries, having two or more reliably changed scores was uncommon. Those with higher intellectual abilities were more likely to have a change on retest; however, no significant differences in base rates were found based on education level, sex, or ethnic minority status. Those older adults who did not have any low memory scores were more likely to improve than decline on retest. Conclusions: Having a single reliably changed score on retest is common when interpreting a battery of memory measures. This has implications for determining cognitive decline and cognitive recovery, suggesting that multivariate interpretation is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {cognition, Cognition Disorders, COGNITIVE testing, Geropsychology, Memory testing, mild cognitive impairment, Multivariate, MULTIVARIATE analysis, Psychometrics, Reliable change index, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anonymous,
FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article
In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries
@article{Anonymous2016b,
title = {FDA approves software to evaluate head injury},
author = {Anonymous},
doi = {10.1097/01.NURSE.0000502766.73473.3b},
isbn = {03604039},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {24},
abstract = {The article discusses the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and ImPACT Pediatric software systems to evaluate head injuries with reference to possible concussions, cognitive skills and memory tests.},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S
Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE students, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *SELF-evaluation, AFFECT (Psychology), ANALYSIS of variance, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, COMPUTER-assisted medical diagnosis, CORRELATION (Statistics), DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REPEATED measures design, RESEARCH -- Evaluation, RESEARCH -- Methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics)
@article{Resch2013b,
title = {Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT},
author = {Resch, Jacob E and Brown, Cathleen N and Baumgartner, Ted A and Macciocchi, Stephen N and Walpert, Kimberly P and Ferrara, Michael S},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {272--281},
abstract = {The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is reported to possess variable reliability potentially due to a variety of factors, including mood. This study examined the influence of mood on ImPACT performance. A repeated measures design was used to assess 104 healthy, college-aged students. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Brief (POMS-B) and the ImPACT at days 1, 45, and 50. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the POMS-B and ImPACT composite scores. At day 1, the ImPACT's Impulse Control composite score was significantly correlated to POMS-B Fatigue-Inertia mood state (-0.23},
keywords = {*COLLEGE students, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *SELF-evaluation, AFFECT (Psychology), ANALYSIS of variance, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, COMPUTER-assisted medical diagnosis, CORRELATION (Statistics), DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REPEATED measures design, RESEARCH -- Evaluation, RESEARCH -- Methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}