Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob; Spradley, Brandon
Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–7, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Bioethics, BRAIN -- Concussion, Brain -- Concussion -- Moral & ethical aspects, Brain -- Concussion -- Treatment, BRAIN damage, Decision making -- Moral & ethical aspects, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DISCLOSURE, DISEASE complications, etc., Football injuries -- Moral & ethical aspects, Human rights, Informed consent (Medical law), Paternalism, Patient decision making, SOCIAL justice, SPORTS -- Societies, Sports injuries -- Moral & ethical aspects
@article{Hudson2016,
title = {Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary},
author = {rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob and Spradley, Brandon},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--7},
abstract = {Concussions in sports involve difficult ethical issues impacting athletic management and protocols. Popular treatments of the topic like the movie Concussion (Landesman, 2015) explore some of the ethical issues from the point of view of the doctors, players and league most prone to concussive injuries like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This commentary explores the literature relevant to concussion in sports with a focus on football to develop ethical themes, informed consent, paternalism, bioethics, truthfulness, rights, and justice. A lack of scientific consensus on defining concussions and confusion in a sports knowledge base in this area undermines reassurances that concussions can be managed properly. The social benefits of contact sports along with the risk of concussed athletes is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Bioethics, BRAIN -- Concussion, Brain -- Concussion -- Moral \& ethical aspects, Brain -- Concussion -- Treatment, BRAIN damage, Decision making -- Moral \& ethical aspects, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DISCLOSURE, DISEASE complications, etc., Football injuries -- Moral \& ethical aspects, Human rights, Informed consent (Medical law), Paternalism, Patient decision making, SOCIAL justice, SPORTS -- Societies, Sports injuries -- Moral \& ethical aspects},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Congress
Definition of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 86–87, 1993, ISBN: 1550-509X 0885-9701.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN damage, definition of mild traumatic brain injury, Overviews
@article{AmericanCongressofRehabilitationMedicine1993,
title = {Definition of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {{American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine}},
doi = {10.1097/00001199-199309000-00010},
isbn = {1550-509X
0885-9701},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {86--87},
abstract = {Describes mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function manifested by at least one of the following: (1) any period of loss of consciousness, (2) any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident, (3) any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident, and (4) focal neurological deficit(s) that may or may not be transient. Severity of injury in mild TBI does not exceed the following: (1) loss of consciousness of 30 min or less, (2) after 30 min, an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 13\textendash25, and (3) posttraumatic amnesia not greater than 24 hrs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {BRAIN damage, definition of mild traumatic brain injury, Overviews},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob; Spradley, Brandon
Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–7, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Hudson2016,
title = {Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary},
author = {rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob and Spradley, Brandon},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--7},
abstract = {Concussions in sports involve difficult ethical issues impacting athletic management and protocols. Popular treatments of the topic like the movie Concussion (Landesman, 2015) explore some of the ethical issues from the point of view of the doctors, players and league most prone to concussive injuries like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This commentary explores the literature relevant to concussion in sports with a focus on football to develop ethical themes, informed consent, paternalism, bioethics, truthfulness, rights, and justice. A lack of scientific consensus on defining concussions and confusion in a sports knowledge base in this area undermines reassurances that concussions can be managed properly. The social benefits of contact sports along with the risk of concussed athletes is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Congress
Definition of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 86–87, 1993, ISBN: 1550-509X 0885-9701.
@article{AmericanCongressofRehabilitationMedicine1993,
title = {Definition of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {{American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine}},
doi = {10.1097/00001199-199309000-00010},
isbn = {1550-509X
0885-9701},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {86--87},
abstract = {Describes mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function manifested by at least one of the following: (1) any period of loss of consciousness, (2) any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident, (3) any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident, and (4) focal neurological deficit(s) that may or may not be transient. Severity of injury in mild TBI does not exceed the following: (1) loss of consciousness of 30 min or less, (2) after 30 min, an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 13\textendash25, and (3) posttraumatic amnesia not greater than 24 hrs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L
Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)
@article{Webner2016,
title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},
author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},
doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},
isbn = {02699052},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {13/14},
pages = {1718--1721},
abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob; Spradley, Brandon
Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–7, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Bioethics, BRAIN -- Concussion, Brain -- Concussion -- Moral & ethical aspects, Brain -- Concussion -- Treatment, BRAIN damage, Decision making -- Moral & ethical aspects, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DISCLOSURE, DISEASE complications, etc., Football injuries -- Moral & ethical aspects, Human rights, Informed consent (Medical law), Paternalism, Patient decision making, SOCIAL justice, SPORTS -- Societies, Sports injuries -- Moral & ethical aspects
@article{Hudson2016,
title = {Concussions: A Sport Ethics Commentary},
author = {rhudson ussa edu Hudson, Rob and Spradley, Brandon},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--7},
abstract = {Concussions in sports involve difficult ethical issues impacting athletic management and protocols. Popular treatments of the topic like the movie Concussion (Landesman, 2015) explore some of the ethical issues from the point of view of the doctors, players and league most prone to concussive injuries like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This commentary explores the literature relevant to concussion in sports with a focus on football to develop ethical themes, informed consent, paternalism, bioethics, truthfulness, rights, and justice. A lack of scientific consensus on defining concussions and confusion in a sports knowledge base in this area undermines reassurances that concussions can be managed properly. The social benefits of contact sports along with the risk of concussed athletes is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Bioethics, BRAIN -- Concussion, Brain -- Concussion -- Moral \& ethical aspects, Brain -- Concussion -- Treatment, BRAIN damage, Decision making -- Moral \& ethical aspects, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DISCLOSURE, DISEASE complications, etc., Football injuries -- Moral \& ethical aspects, Human rights, Informed consent (Medical law), Paternalism, Patient decision making, SOCIAL justice, SPORTS -- Societies, Sports injuries -- Moral \& ethical aspects},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Congress
Definition of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 86–87, 1993, ISBN: 1550-509X 0885-9701.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN damage, definition of mild traumatic brain injury, Overviews
@article{AmericanCongressofRehabilitationMedicine1993,
title = {Definition of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {{American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine}},
doi = {10.1097/00001199-199309000-00010},
isbn = {1550-509X
0885-9701},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {86--87},
abstract = {Describes mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function manifested by at least one of the following: (1) any period of loss of consciousness, (2) any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident, (3) any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident, and (4) focal neurological deficit(s) that may or may not be transient. Severity of injury in mild TBI does not exceed the following: (1) loss of consciousness of 30 min or less, (2) after 30 min, an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 13\textendash25, and (3) posttraumatic amnesia not greater than 24 hrs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {BRAIN damage, definition of mild traumatic brain injury, Overviews},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}