Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Swartz, E E; Broglio, S P; Cook, S B; Cantu, R C; Ferrara, M S; Guskiewicz, K M; Myers, J L
Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Physical Education and Training/mt [Methods], Acceleration, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Universities
@article{Swartz2015,
title = {Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players},
author = {Swartz, E E and Broglio, S P and Cook, S B and Cantu, R C and Ferrara, M S and Guskiewicz, K M and Myers, J L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {50},
number = {12},
pages = {1219--1222},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test a helmetless-tackling behavioral intervention for reducing head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Football field. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fifty collegiate football players (intervention = 25},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Physical Education and Training/mt [Methods], Acceleration, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Young Adult
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization \& Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walter, S R; Olivier, J; Churches, T; Grzebieta, R
The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 52, pp. 204–209, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Safety/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Bicycling/in [Injuries], Humans, New South Wales
@article{Walter2013,
title = {The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response},
author = {Walter, S R and Olivier, J and Churches, T and Grzebieta, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {52},
pages = {204--209},
abstract = {This article responds to criticisms made in a rejoinder (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2012, 45: 107-109) questioning the validity of a study on the impact of mandatory helmet legislation (MHL) for cyclists in New South Wales, Australia. We systematically address the criticisms through clarification of our methods, extension of the original analysis and discussion of new evidence on the population-level effects of MHL. Extensions of our analysis confirm the original conclusions that MHL had a beneficial effect on head injury rates over and above background trends and changes in cycling participation. The ongoing debate around MHL draws attention away from important ways in which both safety and participation can be improved through investment in well-connected cycling infrastructure, fostering consideration between road users, and adequate legal protection for vulnerable road users. These are the essential elements for providing a cycling environment that encourages participation, with all its health, economic and environmental benefits, while maximising safety. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Safety/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Bicycling/in [Injuries], Humans, New South Wales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rissel, C
The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 45, pp. 107–109, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Humans
@article{Rissel2012,
title = {The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder},
author = {Rissel, C},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {45},
pages = {107--109},
abstract = {This paper challenges the conclusion of a recent paper by Walter et al. (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2011, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.029) reporting that despite numerous data limitations repealing the helmet legislation in Australia could not be justified. This conclusion is not warranted because of the limited time period used in their analysis and the lack of data beyond a few years before the introduction of legislation, the failure to adequately account for the effect of the phasing in of the legislation, the effect of the marked reduction in child cyclists, and the non-comparability of the pedestrian and cycling injuries and related lack of consideration of the severity of head injuries. The extent to which helmet legislation deters people from cycling is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Macpherson, A K; To, T M; Macarthur, C; Chipman, M L; Wright, J G; Parkin, P C
Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. e60, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Bicycling/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Bicycling/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Child, Cohort Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Female, Hospitalized/sn [Statistics & Numerical Dat, Humans, Incidence, Legislation as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Da, Male, Preschool, Public Policy, Traffic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data, Trauma Severity Indices
@article{Macpherson2002,
title = {Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study},
author = {Macpherson, A K and To, T M and Macarthur, C and Chipman, M L and Wright, J G and Parkin, P C},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {110},
number = {5},
pages = {e60},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Childhood bicycle-related head injuries can be prevented through the use of helmets. Although helmet legislation has proved to be a successful strategy for the adoption of helmets, its effect on the rates of head injury is uncertain. In Canada, 4 provinces have such legislation. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in Canadian children. METHODS: Routinely collected data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information identified all Canadian children (5-19 years) who were hospitalized for bicycling-related injuries from 1994-1998. Children were categorized as head or other injury on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Rates of head injuries and other injuries were compared over time in provinces that adopted legislation and those that did not. RESULTS: Of the 9650 children who were hospitalized because of a bicycle-related injury, 3426 sustained injuries to the head and face and the remaining 6224 had other injuries. The bicycle-related head injury rate declined significantly (45% reduction) in provinces where legislation had been adopted compared with provinces and territories that did not adopt legislation (27% reduction). CONCLUSION: This country-wide study compared rates of head injury in regions with and without mandatory helmet legislation. Comparing head injuries with other non-head-injured children controlled for potential differences in children's cycling habits. The strong protective association between helmet legislation and head injuries supports the adoption of helmet legislation as an effective tool in the prevention of childhood bicycle-related head injuries.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Bicycling/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Bicycling/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Child, Cohort Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Female, Hospitalized/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Dat, Humans, Incidence, Legislation as Topic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Da, Male, Preschool, Public Policy, Traffic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data, Trauma Severity Indices},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Swartz, E E; Broglio, S P; Cook, S B; Cantu, R C; Ferrara, M S; Guskiewicz, K M; Myers, J L
Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, 2015.
@article{Swartz2015,
title = {Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players},
author = {Swartz, E E and Broglio, S P and Cook, S B and Cantu, R C and Ferrara, M S and Guskiewicz, K M and Myers, J L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {50},
number = {12},
pages = {1219--1222},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test a helmetless-tackling behavioral intervention for reducing head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Football field. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fifty collegiate football players (intervention = 25},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walter, S R; Olivier, J; Churches, T; Grzebieta, R
The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 52, pp. 204–209, 2013.
@article{Walter2013,
title = {The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response},
author = {Walter, S R and Olivier, J and Churches, T and Grzebieta, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {52},
pages = {204--209},
abstract = {This article responds to criticisms made in a rejoinder (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2012, 45: 107-109) questioning the validity of a study on the impact of mandatory helmet legislation (MHL) for cyclists in New South Wales, Australia. We systematically address the criticisms through clarification of our methods, extension of the original analysis and discussion of new evidence on the population-level effects of MHL. Extensions of our analysis confirm the original conclusions that MHL had a beneficial effect on head injury rates over and above background trends and changes in cycling participation. The ongoing debate around MHL draws attention away from important ways in which both safety and participation can be improved through investment in well-connected cycling infrastructure, fostering consideration between road users, and adequate legal protection for vulnerable road users. These are the essential elements for providing a cycling environment that encourages participation, with all its health, economic and environmental benefits, while maximising safety. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rissel, C
The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 45, pp. 107–109, 2012.
@article{Rissel2012,
title = {The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder},
author = {Rissel, C},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {45},
pages = {107--109},
abstract = {This paper challenges the conclusion of a recent paper by Walter et al. (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2011, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.029) reporting that despite numerous data limitations repealing the helmet legislation in Australia could not be justified. This conclusion is not warranted because of the limited time period used in their analysis and the lack of data beyond a few years before the introduction of legislation, the failure to adequately account for the effect of the phasing in of the legislation, the effect of the marked reduction in child cyclists, and the non-comparability of the pedestrian and cycling injuries and related lack of consideration of the severity of head injuries. The extent to which helmet legislation deters people from cycling is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Macpherson, A K; To, T M; Macarthur, C; Chipman, M L; Wright, J G; Parkin, P C
Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. e60, 2002.
@article{Macpherson2002,
title = {Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study},
author = {Macpherson, A K and To, T M and Macarthur, C and Chipman, M L and Wright, J G and Parkin, P C},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {110},
number = {5},
pages = {e60},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Childhood bicycle-related head injuries can be prevented through the use of helmets. Although helmet legislation has proved to be a successful strategy for the adoption of helmets, its effect on the rates of head injury is uncertain. In Canada, 4 provinces have such legislation. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in Canadian children. METHODS: Routinely collected data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information identified all Canadian children (5-19 years) who were hospitalized for bicycling-related injuries from 1994-1998. Children were categorized as head or other injury on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Rates of head injuries and other injuries were compared over time in provinces that adopted legislation and those that did not. RESULTS: Of the 9650 children who were hospitalized because of a bicycle-related injury, 3426 sustained injuries to the head and face and the remaining 6224 had other injuries. The bicycle-related head injury rate declined significantly (45% reduction) in provinces where legislation had been adopted compared with provinces and territories that did not adopt legislation (27% reduction). CONCLUSION: This country-wide study compared rates of head injury in regions with and without mandatory helmet legislation. Comparing head injuries with other non-head-injured children controlled for potential differences in children's cycling habits. The strong protective association between helmet legislation and head injuries supports the adoption of helmet legislation as an effective tool in the prevention of childhood bicycle-related head injuries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Swartz, E E; Broglio, S P; Cook, S B; Cantu, R C; Ferrara, M S; Guskiewicz, K M; Myers, J L
Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1219–1222, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Physical Education and Training/mt [Methods], Acceleration, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Universities
@article{Swartz2015,
title = {Early Results of a Helmetless-Tackling Intervention to Decrease Head Impacts in Football Players},
author = {Swartz, E E and Broglio, S P and Cook, S B and Cantu, R C and Ferrara, M S and Guskiewicz, K M and Myers, J L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {50},
number = {12},
pages = {1219--1222},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test a helmetless-tackling behavioral intervention for reducing head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Football field. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fifty collegiate football players (intervention = 25},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Physical Education and Training/mt [Methods], Acceleration, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Universities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Young Adult
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization \& Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Walter, S R; Olivier, J; Churches, T; Grzebieta, R
The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 52, pp. 204–209, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Safety/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Bicycling/in [Injuries], Humans, New South Wales
@article{Walter2013,
title = {The impact of compulsory helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a response},
author = {Walter, S R and Olivier, J and Churches, T and Grzebieta, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {52},
pages = {204--209},
abstract = {This article responds to criticisms made in a rejoinder (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2012, 45: 107-109) questioning the validity of a study on the impact of mandatory helmet legislation (MHL) for cyclists in New South Wales, Australia. We systematically address the criticisms through clarification of our methods, extension of the original analysis and discussion of new evidence on the population-level effects of MHL. Extensions of our analysis confirm the original conclusions that MHL had a beneficial effect on head injury rates over and above background trends and changes in cycling participation. The ongoing debate around MHL draws attention away from important ways in which both safety and participation can be improved through investment in well-connected cycling infrastructure, fostering consideration between road users, and adequate legal protection for vulnerable road users. These are the essential elements for providing a cycling environment that encourages participation, with all its health, economic and environmental benefits, while maximising safety. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Safety/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Bicycling/in [Injuries], Humans, New South Wales},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rissel, C
The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 45, pp. 107–109, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Humans
@article{Rissel2012,
title = {The impact of compulsory cycle helmet legislation on cyclist head injuries in New South Wales, Australia: a rejoinder},
author = {Rissel, C},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {45},
pages = {107--109},
abstract = {This paper challenges the conclusion of a recent paper by Walter et al. (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2011, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.029) reporting that despite numerous data limitations repealing the helmet legislation in Australia could not be justified. This conclusion is not warranted because of the limited time period used in their analysis and the lack of data beyond a few years before the introduction of legislation, the failure to adequately account for the effect of the phasing in of the legislation, the effect of the marked reduction in child cyclists, and the non-comparability of the pedestrian and cycling injuries and related lack of consideration of the severity of head injuries. The extent to which helmet legislation deters people from cycling is discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Macpherson, A K; To, T M; Macarthur, C; Chipman, M L; Wright, J G; Parkin, P C
Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study Journal Article
In: Pediatrics, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. e60, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Bicycling/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Bicycling/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Child, Cohort Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Female, Hospitalized/sn [Statistics & Numerical Dat, Humans, Incidence, Legislation as Topic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Da, Male, Preschool, Public Policy, Traffic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data, Trauma Severity Indices
@article{Macpherson2002,
title = {Impact of mandatory helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in children: a population-based study},
author = {Macpherson, A K and To, T M and Macarthur, C and Chipman, M L and Wright, J G and Parkin, P C},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {110},
number = {5},
pages = {e60},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Childhood bicycle-related head injuries can be prevented through the use of helmets. Although helmet legislation has proved to be a successful strategy for the adoption of helmets, its effect on the rates of head injury is uncertain. In Canada, 4 provinces have such legislation. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of helmet legislation on bicycle-related head injuries in Canadian children. METHODS: Routinely collected data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information identified all Canadian children (5-19 years) who were hospitalized for bicycling-related injuries from 1994-1998. Children were categorized as head or other injury on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Rates of head injuries and other injuries were compared over time in provinces that adopted legislation and those that did not. RESULTS: Of the 9650 children who were hospitalized because of a bicycle-related injury, 3426 sustained injuries to the head and face and the remaining 6224 had other injuries. The bicycle-related head injury rate declined significantly (45% reduction) in provinces where legislation had been adopted compared with provinces and territories that did not adopt legislation (27% reduction). CONCLUSION: This country-wide study compared rates of head injury in regions with and without mandatory helmet legislation. Comparing head injuries with other non-head-injured children controlled for potential differences in children's cycling habits. The strong protective association between helmet legislation and head injuries supports the adoption of helmet legislation as an effective tool in the prevention of childhood bicycle-related head injuries.},
keywords = {*Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Bicycling/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Bicycling/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Child, Cohort Studies, Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Female, Hospitalized/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Dat, Humans, Incidence, Legislation as Topic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Da, Male, Preschool, Public Policy, Traffic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data, Trauma Severity Indices},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}