Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Asif, I M; Drezner, J A; Toresdahl, B G; Harmon, K G
Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database Journal Article
In: Sports & Health, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 452–457, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Sports/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], African Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Suicide/eh [Ethnology], United States/ep [Epidemiology], Young Adult
@article{Rao2015,
title = {Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database},
author = {Rao, A L and Asif, I M and Drezner, J A and Toresdahl, B G and Harmon, K G},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Sports \& Health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {452--457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has recently highlighted mental health concerns in student athletes, though the incidence of suicide among NCAA athletes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of suicide among NCAA athletes. HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of suicide in NCAA athletes differs by sex, race, sport, and division. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: NCAA Memorial Resolutions list and published NCAA demographic data were used to identify student-athlete deaths and total participant seasons from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012. Deaths were analyzed by age, sex, race, division, and sport. RESULTS: Over the 9-year study period, 35 cases of suicide were identified from a review of 477 student-athlete deaths during 3,773,309 individual participant seasons. The overall suicide rate was 0.93/100,000 per year. Suicide represented 7.3% (35/477) of all-cause mortality among NCAA student athletes. The annual incidence of suicide in male athletes was 1.35/100,000 and in female athletes was 0.37/100,000 (relative risk [RR], 3.7; P \< 0.01). The incidence in African American athletes was 1.22/100,000 and in white athletes was 0.87/100,000 (RR, 1.4; P = 0.45). The highest rate of suicide occurred in men's football (2.25/100,000), and football athletes had a relative risk of 2.2 (P = 0.03) of committing suicide compared with other male, nonfootball athletes. CONCLUSION: The suicide rate in NCAA athletes appears to be lower than that of the general and collegiate population of similar age. NCAA male athletes have a significantly higher rate of suicide compared with female athletes, and football athletes appear to be at greatest risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Suicide represents a preventable cause of death, and development of effective prevention programs is recommended. Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Sports/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], African Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Suicide/eh [Ethnology], United States/ep [Epidemiology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Asif, I M; Drezner, J A; Toresdahl, B G; Harmon, K G
Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database Journal Article
In: Sports & Health, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 452–457, 2015.
@article{Rao2015,
title = {Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database},
author = {Rao, A L and Asif, I M and Drezner, J A and Toresdahl, B G and Harmon, K G},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Sports \& Health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {452--457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has recently highlighted mental health concerns in student athletes, though the incidence of suicide among NCAA athletes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of suicide among NCAA athletes. HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of suicide in NCAA athletes differs by sex, race, sport, and division. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: NCAA Memorial Resolutions list and published NCAA demographic data were used to identify student-athlete deaths and total participant seasons from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012. Deaths were analyzed by age, sex, race, division, and sport. RESULTS: Over the 9-year study period, 35 cases of suicide were identified from a review of 477 student-athlete deaths during 3,773,309 individual participant seasons. The overall suicide rate was 0.93/100,000 per year. Suicide represented 7.3% (35/477) of all-cause mortality among NCAA student athletes. The annual incidence of suicide in male athletes was 1.35/100,000 and in female athletes was 0.37/100,000 (relative risk [RR], 3.7; P \< 0.01). The incidence in African American athletes was 1.22/100,000 and in white athletes was 0.87/100,000 (RR, 1.4; P = 0.45). The highest rate of suicide occurred in men's football (2.25/100,000), and football athletes had a relative risk of 2.2 (P = 0.03) of committing suicide compared with other male, nonfootball athletes. CONCLUSION: The suicide rate in NCAA athletes appears to be lower than that of the general and collegiate population of similar age. NCAA male athletes have a significantly higher rate of suicide compared with female athletes, and football athletes appear to be at greatest risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Suicide represents a preventable cause of death, and development of effective prevention programs is recommended. Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fralick, M; Thiruchelvam, D; Tien, H C; Redelmeier, D A
Risk of suicide after a concussion Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 188, no. 7, pp. 497–504, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors
@article{Fralick2016,
title = {Risk of suicide after a concussion},
author = {Fralick, M and Thiruchelvam, D and Tien, H C and Redelmeier, D A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {188},
number = {7},
pages = {497--504},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Head injuries have been associated with subsequent suicide among military personnel, but outcomes after a concussion in the community are uncertain. We assessed the long-term risk of suicide after concussions occurring on weekends or weekdays in the community. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal cohort analysis of adults with diagnosis of a concussion in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 1992, to Mar. 31, 2012 (a 20-yr period), excluding severe cases that resulted in hospital admission. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of suicide after a weekend or weekday concussion. RESULTS: We identified 235,110 patients with a concussion. Their mean age was 41 years, 52% were men, and most (86%) lived in an urban location. A total of 667 subsequent suicides occurred over a median follow-up of 9.3 years, equivalent to 31 deaths per 100,000 patients annually or 3 times the population norm. Weekend concussions were associated with a one-third further increased risk of suicide compared with weekday concussions (relative risk 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64). The increased risk applied regardless of patients' demographic characteristics, was independent of past psychiatric conditions, became accentuated with time and exceeded the risk among military personnel. Half of these patients had visited a physician in the last week of life. INTERPRETATION: Adults with a diagnosis of concussion had an increased long-term risk of suicide, particularly after concussions on weekends. Greater attention to the long-term care of patients after a concussion in the community might save lives because deaths from suicide can be prevented.Copyright © 2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], adult, Canada/ep [Epidemiology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal studies, Male, ONTARIO, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, A L; Asif, I M; Drezner, J A; Toresdahl, B G; Harmon, K G
Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database Journal Article
In: Sports & Health, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 452–457, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Sports/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], *Suicide/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], African Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Suicide/eh [Ethnology], United States/ep [Epidemiology], Young Adult
@article{Rao2015,
title = {Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database},
author = {Rao, A L and Asif, I M and Drezner, J A and Toresdahl, B G and Harmon, K G},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Sports \& Health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {452--457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has recently highlighted mental health concerns in student athletes, though the incidence of suicide among NCAA athletes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of suicide among NCAA athletes. HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of suicide in NCAA athletes differs by sex, race, sport, and division. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: NCAA Memorial Resolutions list and published NCAA demographic data were used to identify student-athlete deaths and total participant seasons from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012. Deaths were analyzed by age, sex, race, division, and sport. RESULTS: Over the 9-year study period, 35 cases of suicide were identified from a review of 477 student-athlete deaths during 3,773,309 individual participant seasons. The overall suicide rate was 0.93/100,000 per year. Suicide represented 7.3% (35/477) of all-cause mortality among NCAA student athletes. The annual incidence of suicide in male athletes was 1.35/100,000 and in female athletes was 0.37/100,000 (relative risk [RR], 3.7; P \< 0.01). The incidence in African American athletes was 1.22/100,000 and in white athletes was 0.87/100,000 (RR, 1.4; P = 0.45). The highest rate of suicide occurred in men's football (2.25/100,000), and football athletes had a relative risk of 2.2 (P = 0.03) of committing suicide compared with other male, nonfootball athletes. CONCLUSION: The suicide rate in NCAA athletes appears to be lower than that of the general and collegiate population of similar age. NCAA male athletes have a significantly higher rate of suicide compared with female athletes, and football athletes appear to be at greatest risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Suicide represents a preventable cause of death, and development of effective prevention programs is recommended. Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Sports/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], *Suicide/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], African Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, European Continental Ancestry Group/sn [Statistics, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Suicide/eh [Ethnology], United States/ep [Epidemiology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}