Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bowman, T G; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Dodge, T M; Nauman, E A
Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 48, no. 14, pp. 3782–3787, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Article, Athletic Injuries, attenuation, brain concussion, Cracks, Drop test, Drops, Equipment Design, Gadd Severity Index, head impact, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, Helmet evaluation, human, Humans, Injuries, lacrosse helmet, Materials testing, mechanical stress, priority journal, protective equipment, racquet sport, Racquet Sports, recertification, rigidity, Safety devices, Severity index, Sporting goods, Sports Equipment, standards, stress strain relationship, velocity
@article{Bowman2015,
title = {Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets},
author = {Bowman, T G and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Dodge, T M and Nauman, E A},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.026},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {48},
number = {14},
pages = {3782--3787},
abstract = {The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) has developed impact attenuation thresholds that protective helmets worn in sport must meet to be commercially available in an attempt to prevent injury. It remains unknown how normal helmet use in athletic activity alters the force attenuation ability of lacrosse helmets. We tested 3 new and 3 randomly selected used helmets from 2 popular lacrosse models (Cascade Pro7, Cascade CPXR). All used helmets had been worn for 3 collegiate seasons prior to testing and had never been refurbished. Helmets were drop-tested using 3 prescribed impact velocities at 6 locations according to the NOCSAE lacrosse helmet standard, and we compared the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores between new and used helmets using a repeated measure ANOVA with location as the repeated variable and data separated by impact velocity. All 12 helmets passed the NOCSAE GSI threshold for all testing conditions; however 1 used helmet shell cracked resulting in a failed test. We found a significant main effect for helmet age at the low (F5},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Article, Athletic Injuries, attenuation, brain concussion, Cracks, Drop test, Drops, Equipment Design, Gadd Severity Index, head impact, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, Helmet evaluation, human, Humans, Injuries, lacrosse helmet, Materials testing, mechanical stress, priority journal, protective equipment, racquet sport, Racquet Sports, recertification, rigidity, Safety devices, Severity index, Sporting goods, Sports Equipment, standards, stress strain relationship, velocity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Young Adult
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization \& Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kettner, M; Ramsthaler, F; Potente, S; Bockenheimer, A; Schmidt, P H; Schrodt, M
Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling Journal Article
In: Forensic Science, Medicine & Pathology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 513–517, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Computer Simulation, *Forensic Pathology/mt [Methods], *HEAD injuries, *Models, *Skull Fractures/pa [Pathology], *Skull/pa [Pathology], *Sports Equipment, *Weapons, Anatomic, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Closed/pa [Pathology], Equipment Design, finite element analysis, Humans, Skull/in [Injuries], violence, Wood, Young Adult
@article{Kettner2014,
title = {Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling},
author = {Kettner, M and Ramsthaler, F and Potente, S and Bockenheimer, A and Schmidt, P H and Schrodt, M},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Forensic Science, Medicine \& Pathology},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {513--517},
abstract = {Blunt head trauma secondary to violent actions with various weapons is frequently a cause of injury in forensic casework; differing striking tools have varying degrees of injury capacity. The systematic approach used to examine a 19-year-old student who was beaten with a wooden teeball bat will be described. The assailant stopped beating the student when the teeball bat broke into two pieces. The surviving victim sustained bruises and a forehead laceration. The State's Attorney assigned a forensic expert to examine whether the forces exerted on the victim's head (leading to the fracture of the bat) were potentially life threatening (e.g. causing cranial bone fractures). Physical modeling was conducted using a pigskin-covered polyethylene end cap cushioned by cellulose that was connected to a piezoelectric force gauge. Experiments with teeball bats weighing 295-485 g demonstrated that 12-20 kN forces were necessary to cause a comparable bat fracture. In addition to physical testing, a computer-aided simulation was conducted, utilizing a finite-element (FE) method. In the FE approach, after selecting for wood properties, a virtual bat was swung against a hemisphere comprising two layers that represented bone and soft tissue. Employing this model, a 17.6 kN force was calculated, with the highest fracture probability points resembling the fracture patterns of the physically tested bats.},
keywords = {*Computer Simulation, *Forensic Pathology/mt [Methods], *HEAD injuries, *Models, *Skull Fractures/pa [Pathology], *Skull/pa [Pathology], *Sports Equipment, *Weapons, Anatomic, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Closed/pa [Pathology], Equipment Design, finite element analysis, Humans, Skull/in [Injuries], violence, Wood, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jadischke, R; Viano, D C; Dau, N; King, A I; McCarthy, J
On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2310–2315, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult
@article{Jadischke2013,
title = {On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets},
author = {Jadischke, R and Viano, D C and Dau, N and King, A I and McCarthy, J},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {46},
number = {13},
pages = {2310--2315},
abstract = {On-field measurement of head impacts has relied on the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System, which uses helmet mounted accelerometers to determine linear and angular head accelerations. HIT is used in youth and collegiate football to assess the frequency and severity of helmet impacts. This paper evaluates the accuracy of HIT for individual head impacts. Most HIT validations used a medium helmet on a Hybrid III head. However, the appropriate helmet is large based on the Hybrid III head circumference (58 cm) and manufacturer's fitting instructions. An instrumented skull cap was used to measure the pressure between the head of football players (n=63) and their helmet. The average pressure with a large helmet on the Hybrid III was comparable to the average pressure from helmets used by players. A medium helmet on the Hybrid III produced average pressures greater than the 99th percentile volunteer pressure level. Linear impactor tests were conducted using a large and medium helmet on the Hybrid III. Testing was conducted by two independent laboratories. HIT data were compared to data from the Hybrid III equipped with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array. The absolute and root mean square error (RMSE) for HIT were computed for each impact (n=90). Fifty-five percent (n=49) had an absolute error greater than 15% while the RMSE was 59.1% for peak linear acceleration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Berry, D C; Miller, M G
Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 52–56, 2001, ISBN: 1078-7895.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Equipment Design, Facial Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Mouth -- Injuries, Mouthguards
@article{Berry2001,
title = {Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention},
author = {Berry, D C and Miller, M G},
isbn = {1078-7895},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {52--56},
publisher = {Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.},
address = {Champaign, Illinois},
abstract = {The incidence of orofacial injuries is reduced when athletes use properly fitted athletic mouth guards.The athletic trainer or therapist should understand the difference between the available types of athletic mouth guards and encourage their use in recreational and organized athletics as a way of preventing orofacial injuries and concussions.Fabricating vacuum-fitted mouth guards in the athletic training or therapy setting is relatively easy and requires a working relationship between the athletic trainer or therapist and the team dentist.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Equipment Design, Facial Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Mouth -- Injuries, Mouthguards},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bowman, T G; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Dodge, T M; Nauman, E A
Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 48, no. 14, pp. 3782–3787, 2015.
@article{Bowman2015,
title = {Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets},
author = {Bowman, T G and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Dodge, T M and Nauman, E A},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.026},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {48},
number = {14},
pages = {3782--3787},
abstract = {The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) has developed impact attenuation thresholds that protective helmets worn in sport must meet to be commercially available in an attempt to prevent injury. It remains unknown how normal helmet use in athletic activity alters the force attenuation ability of lacrosse helmets. We tested 3 new and 3 randomly selected used helmets from 2 popular lacrosse models (Cascade Pro7, Cascade CPXR). All used helmets had been worn for 3 collegiate seasons prior to testing and had never been refurbished. Helmets were drop-tested using 3 prescribed impact velocities at 6 locations according to the NOCSAE lacrosse helmet standard, and we compared the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores between new and used helmets using a repeated measure ANOVA with location as the repeated variable and data separated by impact velocity. All 12 helmets passed the NOCSAE GSI threshold for all testing conditions; however 1 used helmet shell cracked resulting in a failed test. We found a significant main effect for helmet age at the low (F5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kettner, M; Ramsthaler, F; Potente, S; Bockenheimer, A; Schmidt, P H; Schrodt, M
Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling Journal Article
In: Forensic Science, Medicine & Pathology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 513–517, 2014.
@article{Kettner2014,
title = {Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling},
author = {Kettner, M and Ramsthaler, F and Potente, S and Bockenheimer, A and Schmidt, P H and Schrodt, M},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Forensic Science, Medicine \& Pathology},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {513--517},
abstract = {Blunt head trauma secondary to violent actions with various weapons is frequently a cause of injury in forensic casework; differing striking tools have varying degrees of injury capacity. The systematic approach used to examine a 19-year-old student who was beaten with a wooden teeball bat will be described. The assailant stopped beating the student when the teeball bat broke into two pieces. The surviving victim sustained bruises and a forehead laceration. The State's Attorney assigned a forensic expert to examine whether the forces exerted on the victim's head (leading to the fracture of the bat) were potentially life threatening (e.g. causing cranial bone fractures). Physical modeling was conducted using a pigskin-covered polyethylene end cap cushioned by cellulose that was connected to a piezoelectric force gauge. Experiments with teeball bats weighing 295-485 g demonstrated that 12-20 kN forces were necessary to cause a comparable bat fracture. In addition to physical testing, a computer-aided simulation was conducted, utilizing a finite-element (FE) method. In the FE approach, after selecting for wood properties, a virtual bat was swung against a hemisphere comprising two layers that represented bone and soft tissue. Employing this model, a 17.6 kN force was calculated, with the highest fracture probability points resembling the fracture patterns of the physically tested bats.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jadischke, R; Viano, D C; Dau, N; King, A I; McCarthy, J
On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2310–2315, 2013.
@article{Jadischke2013,
title = {On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets},
author = {Jadischke, R and Viano, D C and Dau, N and King, A I and McCarthy, J},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {46},
number = {13},
pages = {2310--2315},
abstract = {On-field measurement of head impacts has relied on the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System, which uses helmet mounted accelerometers to determine linear and angular head accelerations. HIT is used in youth and collegiate football to assess the frequency and severity of helmet impacts. This paper evaluates the accuracy of HIT for individual head impacts. Most HIT validations used a medium helmet on a Hybrid III head. However, the appropriate helmet is large based on the Hybrid III head circumference (58 cm) and manufacturer's fitting instructions. An instrumented skull cap was used to measure the pressure between the head of football players (n=63) and their helmet. The average pressure with a large helmet on the Hybrid III was comparable to the average pressure from helmets used by players. A medium helmet on the Hybrid III produced average pressures greater than the 99th percentile volunteer pressure level. Linear impactor tests were conducted using a large and medium helmet on the Hybrid III. Testing was conducted by two independent laboratories. HIT data were compared to data from the Hybrid III equipped with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array. The absolute and root mean square error (RMSE) for HIT were computed for each impact (n=90). Fifty-five percent (n=49) had an absolute error greater than 15% while the RMSE was 59.1% for peak linear acceleration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Berry, D C; Miller, M G
Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 52–56, 2001, ISBN: 1078-7895.
@article{Berry2001,
title = {Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention},
author = {Berry, D C and Miller, M G},
isbn = {1078-7895},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {52--56},
publisher = {Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.},
address = {Champaign, Illinois},
abstract = {The incidence of orofacial injuries is reduced when athletes use properly fitted athletic mouth guards.The athletic trainer or therapist should understand the difference between the available types of athletic mouth guards and encourage their use in recreational and organized athletics as a way of preventing orofacial injuries and concussions.Fabricating vacuum-fitted mouth guards in the athletic training or therapy setting is relatively easy and requires a working relationship between the athletic trainer or therapist and the team dentist.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richards, D; Ivarsson, B J; Scher, I; Hoover, R; Rodowicz, K; Cripton, P
Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385–396, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors
@article{Richards2016,
title = {Ice hockey shoulder pad design and the effect on head response during shoulder-to-head impacts},
author = {Richards, D and Ivarsson, B J and Scher, I and Hoover, R and Rodowicz, K and Cripton, P},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {385--396},
abstract = {Ice hockey body checks involving direct shoulder-to-head contact frequently result in head injury. In the current study, we examined the effect of shoulder pad style on the likelihood of head injury from a shoulder-to-head check. Shoulder-to-head body checks were simulated by swinging a modified Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) with and without shoulder pads into a stationary Hybrid-III ATD at 21 km/h. Tests were conducted with three different styles of shoulder pads (traditional, integrated and tethered) and without shoulder pads for the purpose of control. Head response kinematics for the stationary ATD were measured. Compared to the case of no shoulder pads, the three different pad styles significantly (p \< 0.05) reduced peak resultant linear head accelerations of the stationary ATD by 35-56%. The integrated shoulder pads reduced linear head accelerations by an additional 18-21% beyond the other two styles of shoulder pads. The data presented here suggest that shoulder pads can be designed to help protect the head of the struck player in a shoulder-to-head check.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Hockey/ph [Physiology], *Protective Clothing, *Shoulder/ph [Physiology], Acceleration, Biomechanical Phenomena, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Manikins, Materials testing, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bowman, T G; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Dodge, T M; Nauman, E A
Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 48, no. 14, pp. 3782–3787, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Article, Athletic Injuries, attenuation, brain concussion, Cracks, Drop test, Drops, Equipment Design, Gadd Severity Index, head impact, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, Helmet evaluation, human, Humans, Injuries, lacrosse helmet, Materials testing, mechanical stress, priority journal, protective equipment, racquet sport, Racquet Sports, recertification, rigidity, Safety devices, Severity index, Sporting goods, Sports Equipment, standards, stress strain relationship, velocity
@article{Bowman2015,
title = {Impact attenuation properties of new and used lacrosse helmets},
author = {Bowman, T G and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Dodge, T M and Nauman, E A},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.026},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {48},
number = {14},
pages = {3782--3787},
abstract = {The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) has developed impact attenuation thresholds that protective helmets worn in sport must meet to be commercially available in an attempt to prevent injury. It remains unknown how normal helmet use in athletic activity alters the force attenuation ability of lacrosse helmets. We tested 3 new and 3 randomly selected used helmets from 2 popular lacrosse models (Cascade Pro7, Cascade CPXR). All used helmets had been worn for 3 collegiate seasons prior to testing and had never been refurbished. Helmets were drop-tested using 3 prescribed impact velocities at 6 locations according to the NOCSAE lacrosse helmet standard, and we compared the Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores between new and used helmets using a repeated measure ANOVA with location as the repeated variable and data separated by impact velocity. All 12 helmets passed the NOCSAE GSI threshold for all testing conditions; however 1 used helmet shell cracked resulting in a failed test. We found a significant main effect for helmet age at the low (F5},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Article, Athletic Injuries, attenuation, brain concussion, Cracks, Drop test, Drops, Equipment Design, Gadd Severity Index, head impact, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, Helmet evaluation, human, Humans, Injuries, lacrosse helmet, Materials testing, mechanical stress, priority journal, protective equipment, racquet sport, Racquet Sports, recertification, rigidity, Safety devices, Severity index, Sporting goods, Sports Equipment, standards, stress strain relationship, velocity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Crowley, P J; Crowley, M J
Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], Young Adult
@article{Crowley2014,
title = {Dramatic impact of using protective equipment on the level of hurling-related head injuries: an ultimately successful 27-year programme},
author = {Crowley, P J and Crowley, M J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {147--150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Major head injuries are not uncommon in the Irish national game of hurling. Historically, helmets were not worn. METHODS: We report a multistage campaign to facilitate and encourage the use of appropriate headgear among the estimated 100 000 hurling players in Ireland. This campaign lasted for 27 years between 1985 and 2012, and involved a number of different stages including: (1) facilitating the establishment of a business dedicated to developing head protection equipment suitable for hurling, (2) placing a particular emphasis on continual product enhancement to the highest industrial standards, (3) engaging continually with the game's controlling body, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the ultimate objective of securing a mandatory usage policy for protective helmets and faceguards, (4) longitudinal research to monitor hurling injury, equipment usage and players' attitudes and (5) widely communicating key research findings to GAA leaders and members, as well as to 1000 clubs and schools. RESULTS: One of our three relevant studies included 798 patients and identified a dramatic association between the type of head protection used by a player, if any, and the site of the injury requiring treatment. While 51% of the injured players without head protection suffered head trauma, this rate was only 35% among the players wearing helmets and 5% among players who were wearing full head protection (both a helmet and faceguard). CONCLUSION: The GAA responded in three stages to the accumulating evidence: (1) they introduced a mandatory regulation for those aged less than 18 years in 2005; (2) this ruling was extended to all players under 21 years in 2007 and (3) finally extended to all players irrespective of age, gender or grade from January 2010. The latter ruling applied to both games and organised training sessions.},
keywords = {*Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], *Track and Field/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Attitudes, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Data Collection, Equipment Design, Health Knowledge, Health Policy, Health Promotion/og [Organization \& Administration, Humans, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, Track and Field/lj [Legislation \& Jurisprudence], Track and Field/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kettner, M; Ramsthaler, F; Potente, S; Bockenheimer, A; Schmidt, P H; Schrodt, M
Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling Journal Article
In: Forensic Science, Medicine & Pathology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 513–517, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Computer Simulation, *Forensic Pathology/mt [Methods], *HEAD injuries, *Models, *Skull Fractures/pa [Pathology], *Skull/pa [Pathology], *Sports Equipment, *Weapons, Anatomic, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Closed/pa [Pathology], Equipment Design, finite element analysis, Humans, Skull/in [Injuries], violence, Wood, Young Adult
@article{Kettner2014,
title = {Blunt force impact to the head using a teeball bat: systematic comparison of physical and finite element modeling},
author = {Kettner, M and Ramsthaler, F and Potente, S and Bockenheimer, A and Schmidt, P H and Schrodt, M},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Forensic Science, Medicine \& Pathology},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {513--517},
abstract = {Blunt head trauma secondary to violent actions with various weapons is frequently a cause of injury in forensic casework; differing striking tools have varying degrees of injury capacity. The systematic approach used to examine a 19-year-old student who was beaten with a wooden teeball bat will be described. The assailant stopped beating the student when the teeball bat broke into two pieces. The surviving victim sustained bruises and a forehead laceration. The State's Attorney assigned a forensic expert to examine whether the forces exerted on the victim's head (leading to the fracture of the bat) were potentially life threatening (e.g. causing cranial bone fractures). Physical modeling was conducted using a pigskin-covered polyethylene end cap cushioned by cellulose that was connected to a piezoelectric force gauge. Experiments with teeball bats weighing 295-485 g demonstrated that 12-20 kN forces were necessary to cause a comparable bat fracture. In addition to physical testing, a computer-aided simulation was conducted, utilizing a finite-element (FE) method. In the FE approach, after selecting for wood properties, a virtual bat was swung against a hemisphere comprising two layers that represented bone and soft tissue. Employing this model, a 17.6 kN force was calculated, with the highest fracture probability points resembling the fracture patterns of the physically tested bats.},
keywords = {*Computer Simulation, *Forensic Pathology/mt [Methods], *HEAD injuries, *Models, *Skull Fractures/pa [Pathology], *Skull/pa [Pathology], *Sports Equipment, *Weapons, Anatomic, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Closed/pa [Pathology], Equipment Design, finite element analysis, Humans, Skull/in [Injuries], violence, Wood, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jadischke, R; Viano, D C; Dau, N; King, A I; McCarthy, J
On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2310–2315, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult
@article{Jadischke2013,
title = {On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets},
author = {Jadischke, R and Viano, D C and Dau, N and King, A I and McCarthy, J},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},
volume = {46},
number = {13},
pages = {2310--2315},
abstract = {On-field measurement of head impacts has relied on the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System, which uses helmet mounted accelerometers to determine linear and angular head accelerations. HIT is used in youth and collegiate football to assess the frequency and severity of helmet impacts. This paper evaluates the accuracy of HIT for individual head impacts. Most HIT validations used a medium helmet on a Hybrid III head. However, the appropriate helmet is large based on the Hybrid III head circumference (58 cm) and manufacturer's fitting instructions. An instrumented skull cap was used to measure the pressure between the head of football players (n=63) and their helmet. The average pressure with a large helmet on the Hybrid III was comparable to the average pressure from helmets used by players. A medium helmet on the Hybrid III produced average pressures greater than the 99th percentile volunteer pressure level. Linear impactor tests were conducted using a large and medium helmet on the Hybrid III. Testing was conducted by two independent laboratories. HIT data were compared to data from the Hybrid III equipped with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array. The absolute and root mean square error (RMSE) for HIT were computed for each impact (n=90). Fifty-five percent (n=49) had an absolute error greater than 15% while the RMSE was 59.1% for peak linear acceleration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fife, Gabriel P; O'Sullivan, David M; Pieter, Willy; Cook, David P; Kaminski, Thomas W
Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 47, no. 18, pp. 1161–1165, 2013, ISBN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult
@article{Fife2013b,
title = {Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures},
author = {Fife, Gabriel P and O'Sullivan, David M and Pieter, Willy and Cook, David P and Kaminski, Thomas W},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2012-090979},
isbn = {0306-3674},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {47},
number = {18},
pages = {1161--1165},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL). METHODS: Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager. RESULTS: The TK (130.11±51.67 g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95±20.08 g, p\<0.001},
keywords = {Anatomic, Brain Concussion -- Etiology, Brain Concussion -- Physiopathology, Equipment Design, Foot -- Physiology, human, Kinematics -- Physiology, Male, Martial Arts, Models, Motion, Movement -- Physiology, Sports Medicine -- Equipment and Supplies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Berry, D C; Miller, M G
Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 52–56, 2001, ISBN: 1078-7895.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Equipment Design, Facial Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Mouth -- Injuries, Mouthguards
@article{Berry2001,
title = {Athletic mouth guards and their role in injury prevention},
author = {Berry, D C and Miller, M G},
isbn = {1078-7895},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {52--56},
publisher = {Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.},
address = {Champaign, Illinois},
abstract = {The incidence of orofacial injuries is reduced when athletes use properly fitted athletic mouth guards.The athletic trainer or therapist should understand the difference between the available types of athletic mouth guards and encourage their use in recreational and organized athletics as a way of preventing orofacial injuries and concussions.Fabricating vacuum-fitted mouth guards in the athletic training or therapy setting is relatively easy and requires a working relationship between the athletic trainer or therapist and the team dentist.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Equipment Design, Facial Injuries -- Prevention and Control, Mouth -- Injuries, Mouthguards},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}