Comstock, R D; Currie, D W; Pierpoint, L A; Grubenhoff, J A; Fields, S K
An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 830–837, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Comstock2015,
title = {An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer},
author = {Comstock, R D and Currie, D W and Pierpoint, L A and Grubenhoff, J A and Fields, S K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {169},
number = {9},
pages = {830--837},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Soccer, originally introduced as a safer sport for children and adolescents, has seen a rapid increase in popularity in the United States over the past 3 decades. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of soccer ball heading (when an athlete attempts to play the ball in the air with his or her head) given the rise in concussion rates, with some calling for a ban on heading among soccer players younger than 14 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends over time in boys' and girls' soccer concussions, to identify injury mechanisms commonly leading to concussions, to delineate soccer-specific activities during which most concussions occur, to detail heading-related soccer concussion mechanisms, and to compare concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data collected from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 in a large, nationally representative sample of US high schools. Participants were boys and girls who were high school soccer players. EXPOSURES: Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mechanism and sport-specific activity of concussion. RESULTS: Overall, 627 concussions were sustained during 1,393,753 athlete exposures (AEs) among girls (4.50 concussions per 10,000 AEs), and 442 concussions were sustained during 1,592,238 AEs among boys (2.78 concussions per 10,000 AEs). For boys (68.8%) and girls (51.3%), contact with another player was the most common concussion mechanism. Heading was the most common soccer-specific activity, responsible for 30.6% of boys' concussions and 25.3% of girls' concussions. Contact with another player was the most common mechanism of injury in heading-related concussions among boys (78.1%) and girls (61.9%). There were few differences in concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although heading is the most common activity associated with concussions, the most frequent mechanism was athlete-athlete contact. Such information is needed to drive evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts to effectively reduce soccer-related concussions. Although banning heading from youth soccer would likely prevent some concussions, reducing athlete-athlete contact across all phases of play would likely be a more effective way to prevent concussions as well as other injuries.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wise, J
Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds Journal Article
In: BMJ, vol. 351, pp. h3789, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Female, Humans, Male
@article{Wise2015,
title = {Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds},
author = {Wise, J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {BMJ},
volume = {351},
pages = {h3789},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Female, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theobald, P; Whitelegg, L; Nokes, L D; Jones, M D
The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Accidental Falls, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Poaceae, Risk
@article{Theobald2010,
title = {The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis},
author = {Theobald, P and Whitelegg, L and Nokes, L D and Jones, M D},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {29--37},
abstract = {The risk of soccer players sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) following head impact with a playing surface is unclear. This study investigates MTBI by performing headform impact tests from varying heights onto a range of third-generation artificial turf surfaces. Each turf was prepared as per manufacturers specifications within a laboratory, before being tested immediately following installation and then again after a bedding-in period. Each turf was tested dry and when wetted to saturation. Data from the laboratory tests were compared to an in situ third-generation surface and a professional grass surface. The surface performance threshold was set at a head impact criterion (HIC) = 400, which equates to a 10% risk of the head impact causing MTBI. All six third-generation surfaces had a \> 10% risk of MTBI from a fall \> 0.77 m; the inferior surfaces required a fall from just 0.46 m to have a 10% MTBI risk. Wetting the artificial turf did not produce a statistically significant improvement (P \> 0.01). The in situ third-generation playing surface produced HIC values within the range of bedded-in experimental values. However, the natural turf pitch was the superior performer--necessitating fall heights exceeding those achievable during games to achieve HIC = 400.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Accidental Falls, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Poaceae, Risk},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comstock, R D; Currie, D W; Pierpoint, L A; Grubenhoff, J A; Fields, S K
An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 830–837, 2015.
@article{Comstock2015,
title = {An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer},
author = {Comstock, R D and Currie, D W and Pierpoint, L A and Grubenhoff, J A and Fields, S K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {169},
number = {9},
pages = {830--837},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Soccer, originally introduced as a safer sport for children and adolescents, has seen a rapid increase in popularity in the United States over the past 3 decades. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of soccer ball heading (when an athlete attempts to play the ball in the air with his or her head) given the rise in concussion rates, with some calling for a ban on heading among soccer players younger than 14 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends over time in boys' and girls' soccer concussions, to identify injury mechanisms commonly leading to concussions, to delineate soccer-specific activities during which most concussions occur, to detail heading-related soccer concussion mechanisms, and to compare concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data collected from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 in a large, nationally representative sample of US high schools. Participants were boys and girls who were high school soccer players. EXPOSURES: Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mechanism and sport-specific activity of concussion. RESULTS: Overall, 627 concussions were sustained during 1,393,753 athlete exposures (AEs) among girls (4.50 concussions per 10,000 AEs), and 442 concussions were sustained during 1,592,238 AEs among boys (2.78 concussions per 10,000 AEs). For boys (68.8%) and girls (51.3%), contact with another player was the most common concussion mechanism. Heading was the most common soccer-specific activity, responsible for 30.6% of boys' concussions and 25.3% of girls' concussions. Contact with another player was the most common mechanism of injury in heading-related concussions among boys (78.1%) and girls (61.9%). There were few differences in concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although heading is the most common activity associated with concussions, the most frequent mechanism was athlete-athlete contact. Such information is needed to drive evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts to effectively reduce soccer-related concussions. Although banning heading from youth soccer would likely prevent some concussions, reducing athlete-athlete contact across all phases of play would likely be a more effective way to prevent concussions as well as other injuries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wise, J
Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds Journal Article
In: BMJ, vol. 351, pp. h3789, 2015.
@article{Wise2015,
title = {Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds},
author = {Wise, J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {BMJ},
volume = {351},
pages = {h3789},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theobald, P; Whitelegg, L; Nokes, L D; Jones, M D
The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2010.
@article{Theobald2010,
title = {The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis},
author = {Theobald, P and Whitelegg, L and Nokes, L D and Jones, M D},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {29--37},
abstract = {The risk of soccer players sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) following head impact with a playing surface is unclear. This study investigates MTBI by performing headform impact tests from varying heights onto a range of third-generation artificial turf surfaces. Each turf was prepared as per manufacturers specifications within a laboratory, before being tested immediately following installation and then again after a bedding-in period. Each turf was tested dry and when wetted to saturation. Data from the laboratory tests were compared to an in situ third-generation surface and a professional grass surface. The surface performance threshold was set at a head impact criterion (HIC) = 400, which equates to a 10% risk of the head impact causing MTBI. All six third-generation surfaces had a \> 10% risk of MTBI from a fall \> 0.77 m; the inferior surfaces required a fall from just 0.46 m to have a 10% MTBI risk. Wetting the artificial turf did not produce a statistically significant improvement (P \> 0.01). The in situ third-generation playing surface produced HIC values within the range of bedded-in experimental values. However, the natural turf pitch was the superior performer--necessitating fall heights exceeding those achievable during games to achieve HIC = 400.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comstock, R D; Currie, D W; Pierpoint, L A; Grubenhoff, J A; Fields, S K
An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer Journal Article
In: JAMA Pediatr, vol. 169, no. 9, pp. 830–837, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{Comstock2015,
title = {An Evidence-Based Discussion of Heading the Ball and Concussions in High School Soccer},
author = {Comstock, R D and Currie, D W and Pierpoint, L A and Grubenhoff, J A and Fields, S K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {JAMA Pediatr},
volume = {169},
number = {9},
pages = {830--837},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Soccer, originally introduced as a safer sport for children and adolescents, has seen a rapid increase in popularity in the United States over the past 3 decades. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of soccer ball heading (when an athlete attempts to play the ball in the air with his or her head) given the rise in concussion rates, with some calling for a ban on heading among soccer players younger than 14 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends over time in boys' and girls' soccer concussions, to identify injury mechanisms commonly leading to concussions, to delineate soccer-specific activities during which most concussions occur, to detail heading-related soccer concussion mechanisms, and to compare concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data collected from 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 in a large, nationally representative sample of US high schools. Participants were boys and girls who were high school soccer players. EXPOSURES: Concussions sustained during high school-sanctioned soccer games and practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mechanism and sport-specific activity of concussion. RESULTS: Overall, 627 concussions were sustained during 1,393,753 athlete exposures (AEs) among girls (4.50 concussions per 10,000 AEs), and 442 concussions were sustained during 1,592,238 AEs among boys (2.78 concussions per 10,000 AEs). For boys (68.8%) and girls (51.3%), contact with another player was the most common concussion mechanism. Heading was the most common soccer-specific activity, responsible for 30.6% of boys' concussions and 25.3% of girls' concussions. Contact with another player was the most common mechanism of injury in heading-related concussions among boys (78.1%) and girls (61.9%). There were few differences in concussion symptom patterns by injury mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although heading is the most common activity associated with concussions, the most frequent mechanism was athlete-athlete contact. Such information is needed to drive evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts to effectively reduce soccer-related concussions. Although banning heading from youth soccer would likely prevent some concussions, reducing athlete-athlete contact across all phases of play would likely be a more effective way to prevent concussions as well as other injuries.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation], Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/rh [Rehabilitation], Child, Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wise, J
Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds Journal Article
In: BMJ, vol. 351, pp. h3789, 2015.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Female, Humans, Male
@article{Wise2015,
title = {Banning heading in soccer would have limited effect on concussions, study finds},
author = {Wise, J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {BMJ},
volume = {351},
pages = {h3789},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Female, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theobald, P; Whitelegg, L; Nokes, L D; Jones, M D
The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis Journal Article
In: Sports Biomechanics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Accidental Falls, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Poaceae, Risk
@article{Theobald2010,
title = {The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: a comparative biomechanical analysis},
author = {Theobald, P and Whitelegg, L and Nokes, L D and Jones, M D},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Sports Biomechanics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {29--37},
abstract = {The risk of soccer players sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) following head impact with a playing surface is unclear. This study investigates MTBI by performing headform impact tests from varying heights onto a range of third-generation artificial turf surfaces. Each turf was prepared as per manufacturers specifications within a laboratory, before being tested immediately following installation and then again after a bedding-in period. Each turf was tested dry and when wetted to saturation. Data from the laboratory tests were compared to an in situ third-generation surface and a professional grass surface. The surface performance threshold was set at a head impact criterion (HIC) = 400, which equates to a 10% risk of the head impact causing MTBI. All six third-generation surfaces had a \> 10% risk of MTBI from a fall \> 0.77 m; the inferior surfaces required a fall from just 0.46 m to have a 10% MTBI risk. Wetting the artificial turf did not produce a statistically significant improvement (P \> 0.01). The in situ third-generation playing surface produced HIC values within the range of bedded-in experimental values. However, the natural turf pitch was the superior performer--necessitating fall heights exceeding those achievable during games to achieve HIC = 400.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/et [Etiology], *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], *Soccer/in [Injuries], Accidental Falls, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Poaceae, Risk},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}