Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S
Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome
@article{Little2015,
title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},
author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},
volume = {12},
pages = {78},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, A S; Lai, A; Schilter, E
Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 501–508, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/et [Etiology], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Acceleration, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Humans, Male, Manikins, Models, Traffic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Dat
@article{McIntosh2013,
title = {Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests},
author = {McIntosh, A S and Lai, A and Schilter, E},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {501--508},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors, including helmet use, that contribute to head linear and angular acceleration in bicycle crash simulation tests. METHOD: A series of laboratory tests was undertaken using an oblique impact rig. The impact rig included a drop assembly with a Hybrid III head and neck. The head struck a horizontally moving striker plate. Head linear and angular acceleration and striker plate force were measured. The Head Injury Criterion was derived. The following test parameters were varied: drop height to a maximum of 1.5 m, horizontal speed to a maximum of 25 km/h, helmet/no helmet, impact orientation/location, and restraint adjustment. Additional radial impacts were conducted on the same helmet models for comparison purposes. Descriptive statistics were derived and multiple regression was applied to examine the role of each parameter. RESULTS: Helmet use was the most significant factor in reducing the magnitude of all outcome variables. Linear acceleration and the Head Injury Criterion were influenced by the drop height, whereas angular acceleration tended to be influenced by the horizontal speed and impact orientation/location. The restraint adjustment influenced the outcome variables, with lower coefficients of variation observed with the tight restraint. CONCLUSIONS: The study reinforces the benefits of wearing a bicycle helmet in a crash. The study also demonstrates that helmets do not increase angular head acceleration. The study assists in establishing the need for an agreed-upon international oblique helmet test as well as the boundary conditions for oblique helmet testing.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/et [Etiology], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Acceleration, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Humans, Male, Manikins, Models, Traffic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Dat},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S
Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.
@article{Little2015,
title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},
author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},
volume = {12},
pages = {78},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, A S; Lai, A; Schilter, E
Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 501–508, 2013.
@article{McIntosh2013,
title = {Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests},
author = {McIntosh, A S and Lai, A and Schilter, E},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {501--508},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors, including helmet use, that contribute to head linear and angular acceleration in bicycle crash simulation tests. METHOD: A series of laboratory tests was undertaken using an oblique impact rig. The impact rig included a drop assembly with a Hybrid III head and neck. The head struck a horizontally moving striker plate. Head linear and angular acceleration and striker plate force were measured. The Head Injury Criterion was derived. The following test parameters were varied: drop height to a maximum of 1.5 m, horizontal speed to a maximum of 25 km/h, helmet/no helmet, impact orientation/location, and restraint adjustment. Additional radial impacts were conducted on the same helmet models for comparison purposes. Descriptive statistics were derived and multiple regression was applied to examine the role of each parameter. RESULTS: Helmet use was the most significant factor in reducing the magnitude of all outcome variables. Linear acceleration and the Head Injury Criterion were influenced by the drop height, whereas angular acceleration tended to be influenced by the horizontal speed and impact orientation/location. The restraint adjustment influenced the outcome variables, with lower coefficients of variation observed with the tight restraint. CONCLUSIONS: The study reinforces the benefits of wearing a bicycle helmet in a crash. The study also demonstrates that helmets do not increase angular head acceleration. The study assists in establishing the need for an agreed-upon international oblique helmet test as well as the boundary conditions for oblique helmet testing.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S
Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome
@article{Little2015,
title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},
author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},
volume = {12},
pages = {78},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, A S; Lai, A; Schilter, E
Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests Journal Article
In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 501–508, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/et [Etiology], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Acceleration, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Humans, Male, Manikins, Models, Traffic/sn [Statistics & Numerical Dat
@article{McIntosh2013,
title = {Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests},
author = {McIntosh, A S and Lai, A and Schilter, E},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Traffic Injury Prevention},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {501--508},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors, including helmet use, that contribute to head linear and angular acceleration in bicycle crash simulation tests. METHOD: A series of laboratory tests was undertaken using an oblique impact rig. The impact rig included a drop assembly with a Hybrid III head and neck. The head struck a horizontally moving striker plate. Head linear and angular acceleration and striker plate force were measured. The Head Injury Criterion was derived. The following test parameters were varied: drop height to a maximum of 1.5 m, horizontal speed to a maximum of 25 km/h, helmet/no helmet, impact orientation/location, and restraint adjustment. Additional radial impacts were conducted on the same helmet models for comparison purposes. Descriptive statistics were derived and multiple regression was applied to examine the role of each parameter. RESULTS: Helmet use was the most significant factor in reducing the magnitude of all outcome variables. Linear acceleration and the Head Injury Criterion were influenced by the drop height, whereas angular acceleration tended to be influenced by the horizontal speed and impact orientation/location. The restraint adjustment influenced the outcome variables, with lower coefficients of variation observed with the tight restraint. CONCLUSIONS: The study reinforces the benefits of wearing a bicycle helmet in a crash. The study also demonstrates that helmets do not increase angular head acceleration. The study assists in establishing the need for an agreed-upon international oblique helmet test as well as the boundary conditions for oblique helmet testing.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Craniocerebral Trauma/et [Etiology], *Head Protective Devices/ut [Utilization], Acceleration, Biological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Humans, Male, Manikins, Models, Traffic/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Dat},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}