van der Horn, H J; Liemburg, E J; Scheenen, M E; de Koning, M E; Marsman, J B; Spikman, J M; van der Naalt, J
Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Human Brain Mapping, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1645–1654, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], *Emotions, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *Nerve Net/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Emotions/ph [Physiology], Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], Male, middle aged, Prospective Studies, Young Adult
@article{VanderHorn2016,
title = {Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {van der Horn, H J and Liemburg, E J and Scheenen, M E and de Koning, M E and Marsman, J B and Spikman, J M and van der Naalt, J},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {1645--1654},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of brain networks in emotion regulation and post-traumatic complaints in the sub-acute phase after non-complicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-four patients with mTBI (34 with and 20 without complaints) and 20 healthy controls (group-matched for age, sex, education, and handedness) were included. Resting-state fMRI was performed at four weeks post-injury. Static and dynamic functional connectivity were studied within and between the default mode, executive (frontoparietal and bilateral frontal network), and salience network. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: Regarding within-network functional connectivity, none of the selected brain networks were different between groups. Regarding between-network interactions, patients with complaints exhibited lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal and salience network compared to patients without complaints. In the total patient group, higher HADS-D scores were related to lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal network and both the right frontoparietal and salience network, and to higher connectivity between the right frontoparietal and salience network. Furthermore, whereas higher HADS-D scores were associated with lower connectivity within the parietal midline areas of the bilateral frontal network, higher HADS-A scores were related to lower connectivity within medial prefrontal areas of the bilateral frontal network. CONCLUSIONS: Functional interactions of the executive and salience networks were related to emotion regulation and complaints after mTBI, with a key role for the bilateral frontal network. These findings may have implications for future studies on the effect of psychological interventions.Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], *Emotions, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *Nerve Net/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Emotions/ph [Physiology], Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], Male, middle aged, Prospective Studies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lau, K M; Madden, E; Neylan, T C; Seal, K H; Maguen, S
Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 287–294, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Iraq War, *Veterans/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], 2003-2011, adult, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, middle aged, Military personnel, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Retrospective Studies, self report, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs
@article{Lau2016a,
title = {Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors},
author = {Lau, K M and Madden, E and Neylan, T C and Seal, K H and Maguen, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {287--294},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate injury severity markers and neurological symptoms associated with clinician-confirmed mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. SETTING: Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centre and five affiliated community-based outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and fifty Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with positive initial VA TBI screens between 1 April 2007 and 1 June 2010 and clinician-confirmed TBI status by 1 December 2010. METHODS: Retrospective-cohort study of medical record data. Main measures included clinician-confirmed TBI status, injury severity markers (e.g. loss of consciousness (LOC), post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) or confusion/disorientation) and neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Among veterans who screened positive on the initial VA TBI and then received a clinician evaluation, 60% were confirmed to have a TBI diagnosis. Veterans reporting at least one LOC, confusion or PTA were almost 18-times more likely to receive a confirmed TBI diagnosis. Odds of clinician-confirmed TBI were 2.5-3-times greater among those who endorsed dizziness, poor coordination, headaches, nausea, vision problems and/or irritability, compared to those not endorsing these symptoms. Nausea had greatest utility for confirming a TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of neurologic symptoms that most contribute to a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of TBI has potential for streamlining detection of TBI and symptoms needed for treatment.},
keywords = {*Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Iraq War, *Veterans/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], 2003-2011, adult, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, middle aged, Military personnel, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Retrospective Studies, self report, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W
Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values
@article{Haran2016b,
title = {Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment},
author = {Haran, F J and Dretsch, M N and Slaboda, J C and Johnson, D E and Adam, O R and Tsao, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {280--286},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between the baseline-referenced and norm-referenced approaches for determining decrements in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM) performance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: ANAM data were reviewed for 616 US Service members, with 528 of this sample having experienced an mTBI and 88 were controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Post-injury change scores were calculated for each sub-test: (1) normative change score = in-theater score - normative mean and (2) baseline change score = in-theater score - pre-deployment baseline. Reliable change cut-scores were applied to the change and the resulting frequency distributions were compared using McNemar tests. Receiver operator curves (ROC) using both samples (i.e. mTBI and control) were calculated for the change scores for each approach to determine the discriminate ability of the ANAM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were no statistical differences, p \< 0.05 (Bonferonni-Holm corrected), between the approaches. When the area under the curve for the ROCs were averaged across sub-tests, there were no significant differences between either the norm-referenced (0.65) or baseline-referenced (0.66) approaches, p \> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest there is no clear advantage of using the baseline-referenced approach over norm-referenced approach.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Armistead-Jehle, P; Cooper, D B; Vanderploeg, R D
The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 264–273, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Cognitive Dysfunction/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests/st [Standards], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognitive Dysfunction/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Malingering/di [Diagnosis], REGRESSION analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
@article{Armistead-Jehle2016,
title = {The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension},
author = {Armistead-Jehle, P and Cooper, D B and Vanderploeg, R D},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {264--273},
abstract = {The current investigation is a replication and extension of a previously published study by Cooper, Vanderploeg, Armistead-Jehle, Lewis, and Bowles (2014) demonstrating that performance validity test scores accounted for more variance in cognitive testing among service members with a history of concussion than did demographic variables, etiology of and time since injury, and symptom severity. The present study included a sample of 142 active-duty service members evaluated following a suspected or confirmed history of mild traumatic brain injury. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures that included scales of performance and symptom validity (specifically the Medical Symptom Validity Test, Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test, and Personality Assessment Inventory). Among the factors considered in the current study, performance validity test results accounted for the most variance in cognitive test scores, above demographic, concussion history, symptom validity, and psychological distress variables. Performance validity test results were modestly related to symptom validity as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management scale. In sum, the current results replicated the original Cooper et al. study and highlight the importance of including performance validity tests as part of neurocognitive evaluation, even in clinical contexts, within this population.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Cognitive Dysfunction/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests/st [Standards], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognitive Dysfunction/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Malingering/di [Diagnosis], REGRESSION analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Pfaller, A Y; Rein, L E; McCrea, M A
Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2018–2026, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, intelligence, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Students/px [Psychology], Young Adult
@article{Nelson2015,
title = {Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT},
author = {Nelson, L D and Pfaller, A Y and Rein, L E and McCrea, M A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {8},
pages = {2018--2026},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preseason baseline testing using computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) is increasingly performed on athletes. Adequate effort is critical to establish valid estimates of ability, but many users do not evaluate performance validity, and the conditions that affect validity are not well understood across the available CNTs. PURPOSE: To examine the rates and predictors of invalid baseline performance for 3 popular CNTs: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Axon Sports, and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: High school and collegiate athletes (N = 2063) completed 2 of 3 CNTs each during preseason evaluations. All possible pairings were present across the sample, and the order of administration was randomized. Examiners provided 1-on-1, scripted pretest instructions, emphasizing the importance of good effort. Profile validity was determined by the manufacturers' standard criteria. RESULTS: The overall percentage of tests flagged as of questionable validity was lowest for ImPACT (2.7%) and higher for ANAM and Axon (10.7% and 11.3%, respectively). The majority of invalid baseline profiles were flagged as such because of failure on only 1 validity criterion. Several athlete and testing factors (eg, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], estimated general intellectual ability, administration order) predicted validity status for 1 or more CNTs. Considering only first CNT administrations and participants without ADHD and/or a learning disability (n = 1835) brought the rates of invalid baseline performances to 2.1%, 8.8%, and 7.0% for ImPACT, ANAM, and Axon, respectively. Invalid profiles on the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) were rare (1.8% of participants) and demonstrated poor correspondence to CNT validity outcomes. CONCLUSION: The validity criteria for these CNTs may not identify the same causes of invalidity or be equally sensitive to effort. The validity indicators may not be equally appropriate for some athletes (eg, those with neurodevelopmental disorders). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data suggest that athletes do not put forth widespread low effort or that some validity criteria are more sensitive to invalid performance than others. It is important for examiners to be aware of the conditions that maximize the quality of baseline assessments and to understand what sources of invalid performance are captured by the validity criteria that they obtain.Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, intelligence, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Students/px [Psychology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kostyun, R
Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries, *Brain Concussion, *Disease Management, *Sleep Wake Disorders, Adolescent, Athletes/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognition/ph [Physiology], Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Sleep Wake Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], Sleep Wake Disorders/th [Therapy], Young Adult
@article{Kostyun2015a,
title = {Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature},
author = {Kostyun, R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {161--165},
abstract = {Adolescents and young adults recovering from a concussion may experience subjective changes in their normal sleeping patterns. These subjective sleep complaints may influence a patient's perceived concussion symptoms and negatively impact cognition and school function. Clinicians should be cognizant of these changes in normal sleeping patterns for adolescent and young adult concussion patient and familiarize themselves with available treatment options.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries, *Brain Concussion, *Disease Management, *Sleep Wake Disorders, Adolescent, Athletes/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognition/ph [Physiology], Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Sleep Wake Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], Sleep Wake Disorders/th [Therapy], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan 3rd, W; Mannix, R; Zafonte, R; Pascual-Leone, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 85, no. 17, pp. 1504–1511, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], *Brain Injury, *Brain/pa [Pathology], *Cognition Disorders/pa [Pathology], *Suicidal Ideation, Aggression/px [Psychology], Athletes, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pa [Pathology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/pa [Pathology], Humans, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/pa [Pathology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Speech Disorders/et [Etiology], Speech Disorders/pa [Pathology], Speech Disorders/px [Psychology]
@article{Meehan3rd2015a,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes},
author = {{Meehan 3rd}, W and Mannix, R and Zafonte, R and Pascual-Leone, A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {85},
number = {17},
pages = {1504--1511},
abstract = {Recent case reports have described athletes previously exposed to repetitive head trauma while participating in contact sports who later in life developed mood disorders, headaches, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, difficulties with speech, and aggressive behavior. Postmortem discoveries show that some of these athletes have pathologic findings that are collectively termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Current hypotheses suggest that concussions or perhaps blows to the head that do not cause the signs and symptoms necessary for making the diagnosis of concussion, so-called subconcussive blows, cause both the clinical and pathologic findings. There are, however, some athletes who participate in contact sports who do not develop the findings ascribed to CTE. Furthermore, there are people who have headaches, mood disorders, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, and other clinical problems who have neither been exposed to repeated head trauma nor possessed the pathologic postmortem findings of those currently diagnosed with CTE. The current lack of prospective data and properly designed case-control studies limits the current understanding of CTE, leading to debate about the causes of the neuropathologic findings and the clinical observations. Given the potential for referral and recall bias in available studies, it remains unclear whether or not the pathologic findings made postmortem cause the presumed neurobehavioral sequela and whether the presumed risk factors, such as sports activity, cerebral concussions, and subconcussive blows, are solely causative of the clinical signs and symptoms. This article discusses the current evidence and the associated limitations. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], *Brain Injury, *Brain/pa [Pathology], *Cognition Disorders/pa [Pathology], *Suicidal Ideation, Aggression/px [Psychology], Athletes, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pa [Pathology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/pa [Pathology], Humans, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/pa [Pathology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Speech Disorders/et [Etiology], Speech Disorders/pa [Pathology], Speech Disorders/px [Psychology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Falconer, E K; Geffen, G M; Olsen, S L; McFarland, K
The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1251–1263, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Mass Screening/mt [Methods], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, middle aged, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Verbal Learning
@article{Falconer2006,
title = {The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research},
author = {Falconer, E K and Geffen, G M and Olsen, S L and McFarland, K},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {1251--1263},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the Nonword Repetition test (NWR) as an index of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); (2) to assess the reliability, validity and sensitivity of the NWR; and (3) to compare the NWR to more sensitive tests of verbal memory. RESEARCH DESIGN: An independent groups design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Study 1 administered the NWR to 46 mTBI and 61 uninjured controls with the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC). Study 2 compared mTBI, orthopaedic and uninjured participants on the NWR and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The NWR did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the RSC. However, it is reliable and indexes sub-vocal rehearsal speed. These findings provide evidence that although the current form of the NWR lacks sensitivity to the impact of mTBI, the development of a more sensitive test of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits following mTBI is warranted.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Mass Screening/mt [Methods], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, middle aged, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Verbal Learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
van der Horn, H J; Liemburg, E J; Scheenen, M E; de Koning, M E; Marsman, J B; Spikman, J M; van der Naalt, J
Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Human Brain Mapping, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1645–1654, 2016.
@article{VanderHorn2016,
title = {Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {van der Horn, H J and Liemburg, E J and Scheenen, M E and de Koning, M E and Marsman, J B and Spikman, J M and van der Naalt, J},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {1645--1654},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of brain networks in emotion regulation and post-traumatic complaints in the sub-acute phase after non-complicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-four patients with mTBI (34 with and 20 without complaints) and 20 healthy controls (group-matched for age, sex, education, and handedness) were included. Resting-state fMRI was performed at four weeks post-injury. Static and dynamic functional connectivity were studied within and between the default mode, executive (frontoparietal and bilateral frontal network), and salience network. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: Regarding within-network functional connectivity, none of the selected brain networks were different between groups. Regarding between-network interactions, patients with complaints exhibited lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal and salience network compared to patients without complaints. In the total patient group, higher HADS-D scores were related to lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal network and both the right frontoparietal and salience network, and to higher connectivity between the right frontoparietal and salience network. Furthermore, whereas higher HADS-D scores were associated with lower connectivity within the parietal midline areas of the bilateral frontal network, higher HADS-A scores were related to lower connectivity within medial prefrontal areas of the bilateral frontal network. CONCLUSIONS: Functional interactions of the executive and salience networks were related to emotion regulation and complaints after mTBI, with a key role for the bilateral frontal network. These findings may have implications for future studies on the effect of psychological interventions.Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lau, K M; Madden, E; Neylan, T C; Seal, K H; Maguen, S
Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 287–294, 2016.
@article{Lau2016a,
title = {Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors},
author = {Lau, K M and Madden, E and Neylan, T C and Seal, K H and Maguen, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {287--294},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate injury severity markers and neurological symptoms associated with clinician-confirmed mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. SETTING: Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centre and five affiliated community-based outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and fifty Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with positive initial VA TBI screens between 1 April 2007 and 1 June 2010 and clinician-confirmed TBI status by 1 December 2010. METHODS: Retrospective-cohort study of medical record data. Main measures included clinician-confirmed TBI status, injury severity markers (e.g. loss of consciousness (LOC), post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) or confusion/disorientation) and neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Among veterans who screened positive on the initial VA TBI and then received a clinician evaluation, 60% were confirmed to have a TBI diagnosis. Veterans reporting at least one LOC, confusion or PTA were almost 18-times more likely to receive a confirmed TBI diagnosis. Odds of clinician-confirmed TBI were 2.5-3-times greater among those who endorsed dizziness, poor coordination, headaches, nausea, vision problems and/or irritability, compared to those not endorsing these symptoms. Nausea had greatest utility for confirming a TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of neurologic symptoms that most contribute to a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of TBI has potential for streamlining detection of TBI and symptoms needed for treatment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W
Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.
@article{Haran2016b,
title = {Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment},
author = {Haran, F J and Dretsch, M N and Slaboda, J C and Johnson, D E and Adam, O R and Tsao, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {280--286},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between the baseline-referenced and norm-referenced approaches for determining decrements in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM) performance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: ANAM data were reviewed for 616 US Service members, with 528 of this sample having experienced an mTBI and 88 were controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Post-injury change scores were calculated for each sub-test: (1) normative change score = in-theater score - normative mean and (2) baseline change score = in-theater score - pre-deployment baseline. Reliable change cut-scores were applied to the change and the resulting frequency distributions were compared using McNemar tests. Receiver operator curves (ROC) using both samples (i.e. mTBI and control) were calculated for the change scores for each approach to determine the discriminate ability of the ANAM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were no statistical differences, p \< 0.05 (Bonferonni-Holm corrected), between the approaches. When the area under the curve for the ROCs were averaged across sub-tests, there were no significant differences between either the norm-referenced (0.65) or baseline-referenced (0.66) approaches, p \> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest there is no clear advantage of using the baseline-referenced approach over norm-referenced approach.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Armistead-Jehle, P; Cooper, D B; Vanderploeg, R D
The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 264–273, 2016.
@article{Armistead-Jehle2016,
title = {The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension},
author = {Armistead-Jehle, P and Cooper, D B and Vanderploeg, R D},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {264--273},
abstract = {The current investigation is a replication and extension of a previously published study by Cooper, Vanderploeg, Armistead-Jehle, Lewis, and Bowles (2014) demonstrating that performance validity test scores accounted for more variance in cognitive testing among service members with a history of concussion than did demographic variables, etiology of and time since injury, and symptom severity. The present study included a sample of 142 active-duty service members evaluated following a suspected or confirmed history of mild traumatic brain injury. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures that included scales of performance and symptom validity (specifically the Medical Symptom Validity Test, Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test, and Personality Assessment Inventory). Among the factors considered in the current study, performance validity test results accounted for the most variance in cognitive test scores, above demographic, concussion history, symptom validity, and psychological distress variables. Performance validity test results were modestly related to symptom validity as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management scale. In sum, the current results replicated the original Cooper et al. study and highlight the importance of including performance validity tests as part of neurocognitive evaluation, even in clinical contexts, within this population.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Pfaller, A Y; Rein, L E; McCrea, M A
Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2018–2026, 2015.
@article{Nelson2015,
title = {Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT},
author = {Nelson, L D and Pfaller, A Y and Rein, L E and McCrea, M A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {8},
pages = {2018--2026},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preseason baseline testing using computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) is increasingly performed on athletes. Adequate effort is critical to establish valid estimates of ability, but many users do not evaluate performance validity, and the conditions that affect validity are not well understood across the available CNTs. PURPOSE: To examine the rates and predictors of invalid baseline performance for 3 popular CNTs: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Axon Sports, and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: High school and collegiate athletes (N = 2063) completed 2 of 3 CNTs each during preseason evaluations. All possible pairings were present across the sample, and the order of administration was randomized. Examiners provided 1-on-1, scripted pretest instructions, emphasizing the importance of good effort. Profile validity was determined by the manufacturers' standard criteria. RESULTS: The overall percentage of tests flagged as of questionable validity was lowest for ImPACT (2.7%) and higher for ANAM and Axon (10.7% and 11.3%, respectively). The majority of invalid baseline profiles were flagged as such because of failure on only 1 validity criterion. Several athlete and testing factors (eg, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], estimated general intellectual ability, administration order) predicted validity status for 1 or more CNTs. Considering only first CNT administrations and participants without ADHD and/or a learning disability (n = 1835) brought the rates of invalid baseline performances to 2.1%, 8.8%, and 7.0% for ImPACT, ANAM, and Axon, respectively. Invalid profiles on the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) were rare (1.8% of participants) and demonstrated poor correspondence to CNT validity outcomes. CONCLUSION: The validity criteria for these CNTs may not identify the same causes of invalidity or be equally sensitive to effort. The validity indicators may not be equally appropriate for some athletes (eg, those with neurodevelopmental disorders). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data suggest that athletes do not put forth widespread low effort or that some validity criteria are more sensitive to invalid performance than others. It is important for examiners to be aware of the conditions that maximize the quality of baseline assessments and to understand what sources of invalid performance are captured by the validity criteria that they obtain.Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kostyun, R
Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.
@article{Kostyun2015a,
title = {Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature},
author = {Kostyun, R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {161--165},
abstract = {Adolescents and young adults recovering from a concussion may experience subjective changes in their normal sleeping patterns. These subjective sleep complaints may influence a patient's perceived concussion symptoms and negatively impact cognition and school function. Clinicians should be cognizant of these changes in normal sleeping patterns for adolescent and young adult concussion patient and familiarize themselves with available treatment options.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan 3rd, W; Mannix, R; Zafonte, R; Pascual-Leone, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 85, no. 17, pp. 1504–1511, 2015.
@article{Meehan3rd2015a,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes},
author = {{Meehan 3rd}, W and Mannix, R and Zafonte, R and Pascual-Leone, A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {85},
number = {17},
pages = {1504--1511},
abstract = {Recent case reports have described athletes previously exposed to repetitive head trauma while participating in contact sports who later in life developed mood disorders, headaches, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, difficulties with speech, and aggressive behavior. Postmortem discoveries show that some of these athletes have pathologic findings that are collectively termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Current hypotheses suggest that concussions or perhaps blows to the head that do not cause the signs and symptoms necessary for making the diagnosis of concussion, so-called subconcussive blows, cause both the clinical and pathologic findings. There are, however, some athletes who participate in contact sports who do not develop the findings ascribed to CTE. Furthermore, there are people who have headaches, mood disorders, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, and other clinical problems who have neither been exposed to repeated head trauma nor possessed the pathologic postmortem findings of those currently diagnosed with CTE. The current lack of prospective data and properly designed case-control studies limits the current understanding of CTE, leading to debate about the causes of the neuropathologic findings and the clinical observations. Given the potential for referral and recall bias in available studies, it remains unclear whether or not the pathologic findings made postmortem cause the presumed neurobehavioral sequela and whether the presumed risk factors, such as sports activity, cerebral concussions, and subconcussive blows, are solely causative of the clinical signs and symptoms. This article discusses the current evidence and the associated limitations. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Falconer, E K; Geffen, G M; Olsen, S L; McFarland, K
The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1251–1263, 2006.
@article{Falconer2006,
title = {The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research},
author = {Falconer, E K and Geffen, G M and Olsen, S L and McFarland, K},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {1251--1263},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the Nonword Repetition test (NWR) as an index of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); (2) to assess the reliability, validity and sensitivity of the NWR; and (3) to compare the NWR to more sensitive tests of verbal memory. RESEARCH DESIGN: An independent groups design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Study 1 administered the NWR to 46 mTBI and 61 uninjured controls with the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC). Study 2 compared mTBI, orthopaedic and uninjured participants on the NWR and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The NWR did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the RSC. However, it is reliable and indexes sub-vocal rehearsal speed. These findings provide evidence that although the current form of the NWR lacks sensitivity to the impact of mTBI, the development of a more sensitive test of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits following mTBI is warranted.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
van der Horn, H J; Liemburg, E J; Scheenen, M E; de Koning, M E; Marsman, J B; Spikman, J M; van der Naalt, J
Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Human Brain Mapping, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1645–1654, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], *Emotions, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *Nerve Net/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Emotions/ph [Physiology], Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], Male, middle aged, Prospective Studies, Young Adult
@article{VanderHorn2016,
title = {Brain network dysregulation, emotion, and complaints after mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {van der Horn, H J and Liemburg, E J and Scheenen, M E and de Koning, M E and Marsman, J B and Spikman, J M and van der Naalt, J},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {1645--1654},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of brain networks in emotion regulation and post-traumatic complaints in the sub-acute phase after non-complicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-four patients with mTBI (34 with and 20 without complaints) and 20 healthy controls (group-matched for age, sex, education, and handedness) were included. Resting-state fMRI was performed at four weeks post-injury. Static and dynamic functional connectivity were studied within and between the default mode, executive (frontoparietal and bilateral frontal network), and salience network. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: Regarding within-network functional connectivity, none of the selected brain networks were different between groups. Regarding between-network interactions, patients with complaints exhibited lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal and salience network compared to patients without complaints. In the total patient group, higher HADS-D scores were related to lower functional connectivity between the bilateral frontal network and both the right frontoparietal and salience network, and to higher connectivity between the right frontoparietal and salience network. Furthermore, whereas higher HADS-D scores were associated with lower connectivity within the parietal midline areas of the bilateral frontal network, higher HADS-A scores were related to lower connectivity within medial prefrontal areas of the bilateral frontal network. CONCLUSIONS: Functional interactions of the executive and salience networks were related to emotion regulation and complaints after mTBI, with a key role for the bilateral frontal network. These findings may have implications for future studies on the effect of psychological interventions.Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], *Emotions, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *Nerve Net/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Emotions/ph [Physiology], Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], Male, middle aged, Prospective Studies, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lau, K M; Madden, E; Neylan, T C; Seal, K H; Maguen, S
Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 287–294, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Iraq War, *Veterans/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data], 2003-2011, adult, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, middle aged, Military personnel, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Retrospective Studies, self report, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs
@article{Lau2016a,
title = {Assessing for mild TBI among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: Outcomes of injury severity and neurological factors},
author = {Lau, K M and Madden, E and Neylan, T C and Seal, K H and Maguen, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {287--294},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate injury severity markers and neurological symptoms associated with clinician-confirmed mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. SETTING: Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centre and five affiliated community-based outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and fifty Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with positive initial VA TBI screens between 1 April 2007 and 1 June 2010 and clinician-confirmed TBI status by 1 December 2010. METHODS: Retrospective-cohort study of medical record data. Main measures included clinician-confirmed TBI status, injury severity markers (e.g. loss of consciousness (LOC), post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) or confusion/disorientation) and neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Among veterans who screened positive on the initial VA TBI and then received a clinician evaluation, 60% were confirmed to have a TBI diagnosis. Veterans reporting at least one LOC, confusion or PTA were almost 18-times more likely to receive a confirmed TBI diagnosis. Odds of clinician-confirmed TBI were 2.5-3-times greater among those who endorsed dizziness, poor coordination, headaches, nausea, vision problems and/or irritability, compared to those not endorsing these symptoms. Nausea had greatest utility for confirming a TBI. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of neurologic symptoms that most contribute to a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of TBI has potential for streamlining detection of TBI and symptoms needed for treatment.},
keywords = {*Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Iraq War, *Veterans/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], 2003-2011, adult, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, middle aged, Military personnel, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Post-Traumatic/pp [Physiopatholo, Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Retrospective Studies, self report, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W
Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values
@article{Haran2016b,
title = {Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment},
author = {Haran, F J and Dretsch, M N and Slaboda, J C and Johnson, D E and Adam, O R and Tsao, J W},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {280--286},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between the baseline-referenced and norm-referenced approaches for determining decrements in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM) performance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: ANAM data were reviewed for 616 US Service members, with 528 of this sample having experienced an mTBI and 88 were controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Post-injury change scores were calculated for each sub-test: (1) normative change score = in-theater score - normative mean and (2) baseline change score = in-theater score - pre-deployment baseline. Reliable change cut-scores were applied to the change and the resulting frequency distributions were compared using McNemar tests. Receiver operator curves (ROC) using both samples (i.e. mTBI and control) were calculated for the change scores for each approach to determine the discriminate ability of the ANAM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were no statistical differences, p \< 0.05 (Bonferonni-Holm corrected), between the approaches. When the area under the curve for the ROCs were averaged across sub-tests, there were no significant differences between either the norm-referenced (0.65) or baseline-referenced (0.66) approaches, p \> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest there is no clear advantage of using the baseline-referenced approach over norm-referenced approach.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Armistead-Jehle, P; Cooper, D B; Vanderploeg, R D
The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 264–273, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Cognitive Dysfunction/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests/st [Standards], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognitive Dysfunction/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Malingering/di [Diagnosis], REGRESSION analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
@article{Armistead-Jehle2016,
title = {The role of performance validity tests in the assessment of cognitive functioning after military concussion: A replication and extension},
author = {Armistead-Jehle, P and Cooper, D B and Vanderploeg, R D},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {264--273},
abstract = {The current investigation is a replication and extension of a previously published study by Cooper, Vanderploeg, Armistead-Jehle, Lewis, and Bowles (2014) demonstrating that performance validity test scores accounted for more variance in cognitive testing among service members with a history of concussion than did demographic variables, etiology of and time since injury, and symptom severity. The present study included a sample of 142 active-duty service members evaluated following a suspected or confirmed history of mild traumatic brain injury. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures that included scales of performance and symptom validity (specifically the Medical Symptom Validity Test, Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test, and Personality Assessment Inventory). Among the factors considered in the current study, performance validity test results accounted for the most variance in cognitive test scores, above demographic, concussion history, symptom validity, and psychological distress variables. Performance validity test results were modestly related to symptom validity as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management scale. In sum, the current results replicated the original Cooper et al. study and highlight the importance of including performance validity tests as part of neurocognitive evaluation, even in clinical contexts, within this population.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Cognitive Dysfunction/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests/st [Standards], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognitive Dysfunction/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Malingering/di [Diagnosis], REGRESSION analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nelson, L D; Pfaller, A Y; Rein, L E; McCrea, M A
Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2018–2026, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, intelligence, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Students/px [Psychology], Young Adult
@article{Nelson2015,
title = {Rates and Predictors of Invalid Baseline Test Performance in High School and Collegiate Athletes for 3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests: ANAM, Axon Sports, and ImPACT},
author = {Nelson, L D and Pfaller, A Y and Rein, L E and McCrea, M A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {8},
pages = {2018--2026},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preseason baseline testing using computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) is increasingly performed on athletes. Adequate effort is critical to establish valid estimates of ability, but many users do not evaluate performance validity, and the conditions that affect validity are not well understood across the available CNTs. PURPOSE: To examine the rates and predictors of invalid baseline performance for 3 popular CNTs: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Axon Sports, and Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: High school and collegiate athletes (N = 2063) completed 2 of 3 CNTs each during preseason evaluations. All possible pairings were present across the sample, and the order of administration was randomized. Examiners provided 1-on-1, scripted pretest instructions, emphasizing the importance of good effort. Profile validity was determined by the manufacturers' standard criteria. RESULTS: The overall percentage of tests flagged as of questionable validity was lowest for ImPACT (2.7%) and higher for ANAM and Axon (10.7% and 11.3%, respectively). The majority of invalid baseline profiles were flagged as such because of failure on only 1 validity criterion. Several athlete and testing factors (eg, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], estimated general intellectual ability, administration order) predicted validity status for 1 or more CNTs. Considering only first CNT administrations and participants without ADHD and/or a learning disability (n = 1835) brought the rates of invalid baseline performances to 2.1%, 8.8%, and 7.0% for ImPACT, ANAM, and Axon, respectively. Invalid profiles on the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) were rare (1.8% of participants) and demonstrated poor correspondence to CNT validity outcomes. CONCLUSION: The validity criteria for these CNTs may not identify the same causes of invalidity or be equally sensitive to effort. The validity indicators may not be equally appropriate for some athletes (eg, those with neurodevelopmental disorders). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data suggest that athletes do not put forth widespread low effort or that some validity criteria are more sensitive to invalid performance than others. It is important for examiners to be aware of the conditions that maximize the quality of baseline assessments and to understand what sources of invalid performance are captured by the validity criteria that they obtain.Copyright © 2015 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Athletes/px [Psychology], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/co [, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, intelligence, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Students/px [Psychology], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kostyun, R
Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries, *Brain Concussion, *Disease Management, *Sleep Wake Disorders, Adolescent, Athletes/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognition/ph [Physiology], Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Sleep Wake Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], Sleep Wake Disorders/th [Therapy], Young Adult
@article{Kostyun2015a,
title = {Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature},
author = {Kostyun, R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {161--165},
abstract = {Adolescents and young adults recovering from a concussion may experience subjective changes in their normal sleeping patterns. These subjective sleep complaints may influence a patient's perceived concussion symptoms and negatively impact cognition and school function. Clinicians should be cognizant of these changes in normal sleeping patterns for adolescent and young adult concussion patient and familiarize themselves with available treatment options.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries, *Brain Concussion, *Disease Management, *Sleep Wake Disorders, Adolescent, Athletes/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognition/ph [Physiology], Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Sleep Wake Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], Sleep Wake Disorders/th [Therapy], Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meehan 3rd, W; Mannix, R; Zafonte, R; Pascual-Leone, A
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 85, no. 17, pp. 1504–1511, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], *Brain Injury, *Brain/pa [Pathology], *Cognition Disorders/pa [Pathology], *Suicidal Ideation, Aggression/px [Psychology], Athletes, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pa [Pathology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/pa [Pathology], Humans, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/pa [Pathology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Speech Disorders/et [Etiology], Speech Disorders/pa [Pathology], Speech Disorders/px [Psychology]
@article{Meehan3rd2015a,
title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes},
author = {{Meehan 3rd}, W and Mannix, R and Zafonte, R and Pascual-Leone, A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {85},
number = {17},
pages = {1504--1511},
abstract = {Recent case reports have described athletes previously exposed to repetitive head trauma while participating in contact sports who later in life developed mood disorders, headaches, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, difficulties with speech, and aggressive behavior. Postmortem discoveries show that some of these athletes have pathologic findings that are collectively termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Current hypotheses suggest that concussions or perhaps blows to the head that do not cause the signs and symptoms necessary for making the diagnosis of concussion, so-called subconcussive blows, cause both the clinical and pathologic findings. There are, however, some athletes who participate in contact sports who do not develop the findings ascribed to CTE. Furthermore, there are people who have headaches, mood disorders, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, and other clinical problems who have neither been exposed to repeated head trauma nor possessed the pathologic postmortem findings of those currently diagnosed with CTE. The current lack of prospective data and properly designed case-control studies limits the current understanding of CTE, leading to debate about the causes of the neuropathologic findings and the clinical observations. Given the potential for referral and recall bias in available studies, it remains unclear whether or not the pathologic findings made postmortem cause the presumed neurobehavioral sequela and whether the presumed risk factors, such as sports activity, cerebral concussions, and subconcussive blows, are solely causative of the clinical signs and symptoms. This article discusses the current evidence and the associated limitations. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], *Brain Injury, *Brain/pa [Pathology], *Cognition Disorders/pa [Pathology], *Suicidal Ideation, Aggression/px [Psychology], Athletes, Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injury, Chronic/et [Etiology], Chronic/pa [Pathology], Chronic/px [Psychology], Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/pa [Pathology], Humans, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/pa [Pathology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Speech Disorders/et [Etiology], Speech Disorders/pa [Pathology], Speech Disorders/px [Psychology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Falconer, E K; Geffen, G M; Olsen, S L; McFarland, K
The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1251–1263, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Mass Screening/mt [Methods], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, middle aged, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Verbal Learning
@article{Falconer2006,
title = {The rapid screen of concussion: an evaluation of the non-word repetition test for use in mTBI research},
author = {Falconer, E K and Geffen, G M and Olsen, S L and McFarland, K},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {1251--1263},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the Nonword Repetition test (NWR) as an index of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); (2) to assess the reliability, validity and sensitivity of the NWR; and (3) to compare the NWR to more sensitive tests of verbal memory. RESEARCH DESIGN: An independent groups design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Study 1 administered the NWR to 46 mTBI and 61 uninjured controls with the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC). Study 2 compared mTBI, orthopaedic and uninjured participants on the NWR and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The NWR did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the RSC. However, it is reliable and indexes sub-vocal rehearsal speed. These findings provide evidence that although the current form of the NWR lacks sensitivity to the impact of mTBI, the development of a more sensitive test of sub-vocal rehearsal deficits following mTBI is warranted.},
keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Mass Screening/mt [Methods], *Neuropsychological Tests, Adolescent, adult, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, middle aged, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Verbal Learning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}