Cobb, B R; Zadnik, A M; Rowson, S
Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 50–60, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acceleration, Accident prevention, Angular acceleration, Biomechanics, Brain Injury, Coefficient of variation values, Comparative analysis, Concussion, Equipment, Evaluation protocol, helmet testing, Linear acceleration, Linear accelerations, Rotational acceleration, Safety devices, Sporting goods, standards
@article{Cobb2016,
title = {Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms},
author = {Cobb, B R and Zadnik, A M and Rowson, S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115599133},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {50--60},
abstract = {As advanced helmet testing methodologies are developed, the effect headform selection may have on the biomechanical impact response must be considered. This study sought to assess response differences between two of the most commonly used headforms, the Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms, through a series of helmeted impact tests. A total of 180 pendulum impact tests were conducted with three impactor velocities and six impact locations. Test condition-specific significant differences were found between the two headforms for peak linear and angular accelerations ($alpha$ = 0.05), although differences tended to be small. On average, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headform experienced higher peak linear (3.7 ± 7.8%) and angular (12.0 ± 21.6%) accelerations, with some of the largest differences associated with impacts to the facemask. Without the facemask impacts, the average differences in linear (1.8 ± 6.0%) and angular (9.6 ± 15.9%) acceleration would be lower. No significant differences were found in coefficient of variation values for linear (Hybrid III: 2.6 ± 2.3%, National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 2.0 ± 1.4%) or angular (Hybrid III: 4.9 ± 4.0%; National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 5.2 ± 5.8%) acceleration. These data have application toward development and validation of future helmet evaluation protocols and standards. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Acceleration, Accident prevention, Angular acceleration, Biomechanics, Brain Injury, Coefficient of variation values, Comparative analysis, Concussion, Equipment, Evaluation protocol, helmet testing, Linear acceleration, Linear accelerations, Rotational acceleration, Safety devices, Sporting goods, standards},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ahmadisoleymani, S S; Yang, J
American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review Journal Article
In: Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 3, pp. 3796–3803, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: American football, Concussion, Finite element modeling, Linear acceleration, Rotational acceleration
@article{Ahmadisoleymani2015,
title = {American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review},
author = {Ahmadisoleymani, S S and Yang, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.882},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Procedia Manufacturing},
volume = {3},
pages = {3796--3803},
abstract = {This paper reviews the studies that have been conducted on the performance of the American football helmet in preventing concussion. The review will also guide us to understand what problems still exist and what research directions we should take. Throughout the history of sports, injuries limiting the career life of the athletes have been the leading concern of the sport authorities. These injuries are more extensive in sports in which athletes are in severe contact with each. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, concussion, widely occurs in American football because of the frequent strokes to players’ heads. Concussion includes several types of neurological dysfunctions such as headache, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, delayed reaction time and etc. Lots of the studies have focused on understanding the concussion and improving the protective performance of the helmet, so that the dose of the injury in players is reduced. Researches in this area can be classified as two major methods: experimental studies and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations. In experiments, researchers have tried to record head impacts or reconstruct the severe collisions using the game videos in the laboratory conditions. They have used the Hybrid III dummy in order to study the effects of the different impact parameters such as direction, velocity, region of the head being hit and etc. These studies have been done by analyzing the dynamic responses of head including linear acceleration (LA), rotational acceleration (RA), and different head injury criteria like Head Injury Criteria (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). Mentioned impact parameters have been also examined using FEM simulations. Researchers have applied the results of experimental tests including linear and rotational acceleration in order to study the brain deformation responses to different types of impacts. In this regards, brain deformation responses like maximum principal strain have been considered and analyzed using the head injury and concussion thresholds. © 2015 The Authors},
keywords = {American football, Concussion, Finite element modeling, Linear acceleration, Rotational acceleration},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cobb, B R; Zadnik, A M; Rowson, S
Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 50–60, 2016.
@article{Cobb2016,
title = {Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms},
author = {Cobb, B R and Zadnik, A M and Rowson, S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115599133},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {50--60},
abstract = {As advanced helmet testing methodologies are developed, the effect headform selection may have on the biomechanical impact response must be considered. This study sought to assess response differences between two of the most commonly used headforms, the Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms, through a series of helmeted impact tests. A total of 180 pendulum impact tests were conducted with three impactor velocities and six impact locations. Test condition-specific significant differences were found between the two headforms for peak linear and angular accelerations ($alpha$ = 0.05), although differences tended to be small. On average, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headform experienced higher peak linear (3.7 ± 7.8%) and angular (12.0 ± 21.6%) accelerations, with some of the largest differences associated with impacts to the facemask. Without the facemask impacts, the average differences in linear (1.8 ± 6.0%) and angular (9.6 ± 15.9%) acceleration would be lower. No significant differences were found in coefficient of variation values for linear (Hybrid III: 2.6 ± 2.3%, National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 2.0 ± 1.4%) or angular (Hybrid III: 4.9 ± 4.0%; National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 5.2 ± 5.8%) acceleration. These data have application toward development and validation of future helmet evaluation protocols and standards. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ahmadisoleymani, S S; Yang, J
American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review Journal Article
In: Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 3, pp. 3796–3803, 2015.
@article{Ahmadisoleymani2015,
title = {American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review},
author = {Ahmadisoleymani, S S and Yang, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.882},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Procedia Manufacturing},
volume = {3},
pages = {3796--3803},
abstract = {This paper reviews the studies that have been conducted on the performance of the American football helmet in preventing concussion. The review will also guide us to understand what problems still exist and what research directions we should take. Throughout the history of sports, injuries limiting the career life of the athletes have been the leading concern of the sport authorities. These injuries are more extensive in sports in which athletes are in severe contact with each. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, concussion, widely occurs in American football because of the frequent strokes to players’ heads. Concussion includes several types of neurological dysfunctions such as headache, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, delayed reaction time and etc. Lots of the studies have focused on understanding the concussion and improving the protective performance of the helmet, so that the dose of the injury in players is reduced. Researches in this area can be classified as two major methods: experimental studies and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations. In experiments, researchers have tried to record head impacts or reconstruct the severe collisions using the game videos in the laboratory conditions. They have used the Hybrid III dummy in order to study the effects of the different impact parameters such as direction, velocity, region of the head being hit and etc. These studies have been done by analyzing the dynamic responses of head including linear acceleration (LA), rotational acceleration (RA), and different head injury criteria like Head Injury Criteria (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). Mentioned impact parameters have been also examined using FEM simulations. Researchers have applied the results of experimental tests including linear and rotational acceleration in order to study the brain deformation responses to different types of impacts. In this regards, brain deformation responses like maximum principal strain have been considered and analyzed using the head injury and concussion thresholds. © 2015 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cobb, B R; Zadnik, A M; Rowson, S
Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 50–60, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acceleration, Accident prevention, Angular acceleration, Biomechanics, Brain Injury, Coefficient of variation values, Comparative analysis, Concussion, Equipment, Evaluation protocol, helmet testing, Linear acceleration, Linear accelerations, Rotational acceleration, Safety devices, Sporting goods, standards
@article{Cobb2016,
title = {Comparative analysis of helmeted impact response of Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms},
author = {Cobb, B R and Zadnik, A M and Rowson, S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115599133},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {50--60},
abstract = {As advanced helmet testing methodologies are developed, the effect headform selection may have on the biomechanical impact response must be considered. This study sought to assess response differences between two of the most commonly used headforms, the Hybrid III and National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headforms, through a series of helmeted impact tests. A total of 180 pendulum impact tests were conducted with three impactor velocities and six impact locations. Test condition-specific significant differences were found between the two headforms for peak linear and angular accelerations ($alpha$ = 0.05), although differences tended to be small. On average, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment headform experienced higher peak linear (3.7 ± 7.8%) and angular (12.0 ± 21.6%) accelerations, with some of the largest differences associated with impacts to the facemask. Without the facemask impacts, the average differences in linear (1.8 ± 6.0%) and angular (9.6 ± 15.9%) acceleration would be lower. No significant differences were found in coefficient of variation values for linear (Hybrid III: 2.6 ± 2.3%, National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 2.0 ± 1.4%) or angular (Hybrid III: 4.9 ± 4.0%; National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment: 5.2 ± 5.8%) acceleration. These data have application toward development and validation of future helmet evaluation protocols and standards. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Acceleration, Accident prevention, Angular acceleration, Biomechanics, Brain Injury, Coefficient of variation values, Comparative analysis, Concussion, Equipment, Evaluation protocol, helmet testing, Linear acceleration, Linear accelerations, Rotational acceleration, Safety devices, Sporting goods, standards},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ahmadisoleymani, S S; Yang, J
American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review Journal Article
In: Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 3, pp. 3796–3803, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: American football, Concussion, Finite element modeling, Linear acceleration, Rotational acceleration
@article{Ahmadisoleymani2015,
title = {American Football Helmet for Preventing Concussion, a Literature Review},
author = {Ahmadisoleymani, S S and Yang, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.882},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Procedia Manufacturing},
volume = {3},
pages = {3796--3803},
abstract = {This paper reviews the studies that have been conducted on the performance of the American football helmet in preventing concussion. The review will also guide us to understand what problems still exist and what research directions we should take. Throughout the history of sports, injuries limiting the career life of the athletes have been the leading concern of the sport authorities. These injuries are more extensive in sports in which athletes are in severe contact with each. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, concussion, widely occurs in American football because of the frequent strokes to players’ heads. Concussion includes several types of neurological dysfunctions such as headache, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, delayed reaction time and etc. Lots of the studies have focused on understanding the concussion and improving the protective performance of the helmet, so that the dose of the injury in players is reduced. Researches in this area can be classified as two major methods: experimental studies and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) simulations. In experiments, researchers have tried to record head impacts or reconstruct the severe collisions using the game videos in the laboratory conditions. They have used the Hybrid III dummy in order to study the effects of the different impact parameters such as direction, velocity, region of the head being hit and etc. These studies have been done by analyzing the dynamic responses of head including linear acceleration (LA), rotational acceleration (RA), and different head injury criteria like Head Injury Criteria (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). Mentioned impact parameters have been also examined using FEM simulations. Researchers have applied the results of experimental tests including linear and rotational acceleration in order to study the brain deformation responses to different types of impacts. In this regards, brain deformation responses like maximum principal strain have been considered and analyzed using the head injury and concussion thresholds. © 2015 The Authors},
keywords = {American football, Concussion, Finite element modeling, Linear acceleration, Rotational acceleration},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}