Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnson, K L; Chowdhury, S; Lawrimore, W B; Mao, Y; Mehmani, A; Prabhu, R; Rush, G A; Horstemeyer, M F
Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response Journal Article
In: Materials and Design, vol. 111, pp. 108–118, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, ALGORITHMS, brain, Concussion, Constrained optimization, Design, Design optimization, finite element analysis, Finite element method, football helmet, Fuel additives, Genetic algorithms, Multiobjective optimization, Optimization, Safety devices, Shear strain, Sports, Surrogate model, Surrogate modeling, Topology, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Johnson2016a,
title = {Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response},
author = {Johnson, K L and Chowdhury, S and Lawrimore, W B and Mao, Y and Mehmani, A and Prabhu, R and Rush, G A and Horstemeyer, M F},
doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.064},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Materials and Design},
volume = {111},
pages = {108--118},
abstract = {Surrogate model-based multi-objective design optimization was performed to reduce concussion risk during frontal football helmet impacts. In particular, a topological decomposition of the football helmet facemask was performed to formulate the design problem, and brain injury metrics were exploited as objective functions. A validated finite element model of a helmeted human head was used to recreate facemask impacts. Due to the prohibitive computational expense of the full scale simulations, a surrogate modeling approach was employed. An optimal surrogate model selection framework, called Concurrent Surrogate Model Selection, or COSMOS, was utilized to identify the surrogate models best suited to approximate each objective function. The resulting surrogate models were implemented in the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm. Constraints were implemented to control the solid material fraction in the facemask design space, and binary variables were used to control the placement of the facemask bars. The optimized facemask designs reduced the maximum tensile pressure in the brain by 7.5% and the maximum shear strain by a remarkable 39.5%. This research represents a first-of-its-kind approach to multi-objective design optimization on a football helmet, and demonstrates the possibilities that are achievable in improving human safety by using such a simulation-based design optimization. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},
keywords = {Accident prevention, ALGORITHMS, brain, Concussion, Constrained optimization, Design, Design optimization, finite element analysis, Finite element method, football helmet, Fuel additives, Genetic algorithms, Multiobjective optimization, Optimization, Safety devices, Shear strain, Sports, Surrogate model, Surrogate modeling, Topology, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnson, K L; Chowdhury, S; Lawrimore, W B; Mao, Y; Mehmani, A; Prabhu, R; Rush, G A; Horstemeyer, M F
Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response Journal Article
In: Materials and Design, vol. 111, pp. 108–118, 2016.
@article{Johnson2016a,
title = {Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response},
author = {Johnson, K L and Chowdhury, S and Lawrimore, W B and Mao, Y and Mehmani, A and Prabhu, R and Rush, G A and Horstemeyer, M F},
doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.064},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Materials and Design},
volume = {111},
pages = {108--118},
abstract = {Surrogate model-based multi-objective design optimization was performed to reduce concussion risk during frontal football helmet impacts. In particular, a topological decomposition of the football helmet facemask was performed to formulate the design problem, and brain injury metrics were exploited as objective functions. A validated finite element model of a helmeted human head was used to recreate facemask impacts. Due to the prohibitive computational expense of the full scale simulations, a surrogate modeling approach was employed. An optimal surrogate model selection framework, called Concurrent Surrogate Model Selection, or COSMOS, was utilized to identify the surrogate models best suited to approximate each objective function. The resulting surrogate models were implemented in the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm. Constraints were implemented to control the solid material fraction in the facemask design space, and binary variables were used to control the placement of the facemask bars. The optimized facemask designs reduced the maximum tensile pressure in the brain by 7.5% and the maximum shear strain by a remarkable 39.5%. This research represents a first-of-its-kind approach to multi-objective design optimization on a football helmet, and demonstrates the possibilities that are achievable in improving human safety by using such a simulation-based design optimization. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnson, K L; Chowdhury, S; Lawrimore, W B; Mao, Y; Mehmani, A; Prabhu, R; Rush, G A; Horstemeyer, M F
Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response Journal Article
In: Materials and Design, vol. 111, pp. 108–118, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, ALGORITHMS, brain, Concussion, Constrained optimization, Design, Design optimization, finite element analysis, Finite element method, football helmet, Fuel additives, Genetic algorithms, Multiobjective optimization, Optimization, Safety devices, Shear strain, Sports, Surrogate model, Surrogate modeling, Topology, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Johnson2016a,
title = {Constrained topological optimization of a football helmet facemask based on brain response},
author = {Johnson, K L and Chowdhury, S and Lawrimore, W B and Mao, Y and Mehmani, A and Prabhu, R and Rush, G A and Horstemeyer, M F},
doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.064},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Materials and Design},
volume = {111},
pages = {108--118},
abstract = {Surrogate model-based multi-objective design optimization was performed to reduce concussion risk during frontal football helmet impacts. In particular, a topological decomposition of the football helmet facemask was performed to formulate the design problem, and brain injury metrics were exploited as objective functions. A validated finite element model of a helmeted human head was used to recreate facemask impacts. Due to the prohibitive computational expense of the full scale simulations, a surrogate modeling approach was employed. An optimal surrogate model selection framework, called Concurrent Surrogate Model Selection, or COSMOS, was utilized to identify the surrogate models best suited to approximate each objective function. The resulting surrogate models were implemented in the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm. Constraints were implemented to control the solid material fraction in the facemask design space, and binary variables were used to control the placement of the facemask bars. The optimized facemask designs reduced the maximum tensile pressure in the brain by 7.5% and the maximum shear strain by a remarkable 39.5%. This research represents a first-of-its-kind approach to multi-objective design optimization on a football helmet, and demonstrates the possibilities that are achievable in improving human safety by using such a simulation-based design optimization. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},
keywords = {Accident prevention, ALGORITHMS, brain, Concussion, Constrained optimization, Design, Design optimization, finite element analysis, Finite element method, football helmet, Fuel additives, Genetic algorithms, Multiobjective optimization, Optimization, Safety devices, Shear strain, Sports, Surrogate model, Surrogate modeling, Topology, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}