Kuhn, A W; Zuckerman, S L; Solomon, G S; Casson, I R; Viano, D C
In: Sports Health, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30–40, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: chronic impairment, Cognitive function, NATIONAL Football League, neuroimaging, Neuropsychological testing, neuroradiology, Sport-related concussion
@article{Kuhn2017,
title = {Interrelationships Among Neuroimaging Biomarkers, Neuropsychological Test Data, and Symptom Reporting in a Cohort of Retired National Football League Players},
author = {Kuhn, A W and Zuckerman, S L and Solomon, G S and Casson, I R and Viano, D C},
doi = {10.1177/1941738116674006},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Sports Health},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {30--40},
abstract = {Background: Structural brain changes, potentially resulting from repetitive brain trauma (RBT), have been correlated with neurocognitive decline and increased symptom reporting in retired athletes. Hypothesis: In a cohort of retired National Football League (NFL) players, the relationships between 3 neuroimaging parameters, neuropsychological testing, and symptom scores will be significantly correlated. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 45 retired NFL players. Three neuroanatomical parameters were assessed by board-certified radiologists blinded to the purpose of the study: (1) the absence or presence of small or large cavum septum pellucidum, (2) a global mean score of fractional anisotropy (FA), and (3) the presence or absence of microhemorrhages. The subjects underwent a battery of 9 paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests, a computerized neurocognitive test, and multiple symptom and depression scales. The associations among the neuroimaging results with these outcome measures were assessed utilizing Pearson, Spearman rank, and point-biserial correlations. Results: The 45 subjects (mean age, 46.7 ± 9.1 years) reported a mean 6.9 (±6.2) concussions and 13.0 (±7.9) “dings” in the NFL. Ten (22%) did not have a cavum septum pellucidum, while 32 (71%) had a small and 3 (7%) had a large one. Four (9%) had microhemorrhages. Global FA mean was 0.459 (±0.035). The majority (50.8%) of correlations among the neuroimaging parameters and neurocognitive/symptom scores fell below the threshold of “small” effect size (r \< 0.10). The remaining (49.2%) correlations were between “small” and “medium” effect sizes (0.1 \< r \< 0.3). However, all correlations were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: There were minimal and statistically nonsignificant correlations among the neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and symptom scores examined in this cohort of NFL retirees. Clinical Relevance: Associating the severity of structural brain changes to neurocognitive performance and symptom burden after RBT is complex may involve other moderating variables or biomarkers, and demands further study. © 2016, © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {chronic impairment, Cognitive function, NATIONAL Football League, neuroimaging, Neuropsychological testing, neuroradiology, Sport-related concussion},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strain, J F; Didehbani, N; Spence, J; Conover, H; Bartz, E K; Mansinghani, S; Jeroudi, M K; Rao, N K; Fields, L M; Kraut, M A; Cullum, C M; Hart, J; Womack, K B
White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 372–379, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, DTI, naming, NATIONAL Football League, TBSS, white matter
@article{Strain2017,
title = {White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes},
author = {Strain, J F and Didehbani, N and Spence, J and Conover, H and Bartz, E K and Mansinghani, S and Jeroudi, M K and Rao, N K and Fields, L M and Kraut, M A and Cullum, C M and Hart, J and Womack, K B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4446},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {372--379},
abstract = {Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we assessed the relationship of white matter integrity and performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in a group of retired professional football players and a control group. We examined correlations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with BNT T-scores in an unbiased voxelwise analysis processed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). We also analyzed the DTI data by grouping voxels together as white matter tracts and testing each tract's association with BNT T-scores. Significant voxelwise correlations between FA and BNT performance were only seen in the retired football players (p \< 0.02). Two tracts had mean FA values that significantly correlated with BNT performance: forceps minor and forceps major. White matter integrity is important for distributed cognitive processes, and disruption correlates with diminished performance in athletes exposed to concussive and subconcussive brain injuries, but not in controls without such exposure. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},
keywords = {Concussion, DTI, naming, NATIONAL Football League, TBSS, white matter},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bell, Travis R; Sanderson, Jimmy
A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 499–518, 2016, ISBN: 19363915.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *FOOTBALL players, *FOOTBALL teams, Concussions, HEPATIC encephalopathy, NATIONAL Football League, news forums, sport and health, Youth sports
@article{Bell2016,
title = {A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments},
author = {Bell, Travis R and Sanderson, Jimmy},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {499--518},
abstract = {In December 2015, the movie Concussion was released. The film portrayed the story of Dr Bennet Omalu, who is credited with discovering chromic traumatic encephalopathy in the brains of deceased National Football League players. Before the release, on December 7,2015, Omalu penned an op-ed in The New York Times in which he opined that children should not play tackle football. This research explores 114 reader comments on Omalu's op-ed through the lens of Nisbet's bottom-up framing. Using a mixed-methods approach, the results indicated that participants framed the issue through health and safety, American cultural values, parenting liability, and skepticism. Linguistic analysis revealed that comments contained a negative tone, with women's comments being more negative than men's. The analysis suggests that online news forums function as spaces where public deliberation around the viability of children playing tackle football occurs and illustrates the tensions around risk, sport participation, and health and safety that confront parents as they grapple with the decision to let their children play tackle football. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*FOOTBALL players, *FOOTBALL teams, Concussions, HEPATIC encephalopathy, NATIONAL Football League, news forums, sport and health, Youth sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Compton, Josh; Compton, Jordan
Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 266–275, 2015, ISBN: 19363915.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COMMUNICATION in sports, credibility, image prepare Open letters offer a unique focus fo, NATIONAL Football League, NFL, RESEARCH, RHETORICAL analysis, TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood
@article{Compton2015,
title = {Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric},
author = {Compton, Josh and Compton, Jordan},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {266--275},
abstract = {Open letters offer a unique focus for rhetorical analysis in sport communication, forming a message that is both interpersonal (the attempt to reflect dialogue through a letter writer and its recipients) and public (the "open" part of the open letter). The National Football League (NFL) attempted image repair when it used open letters to respond to accusations that it was not doing enough to protect athletes against devastating effects of concussions. Through the use of Benoit's theory of image repair, the authors found that Commissioner Goodell's open letters relied on 2 main image-repair strategies: reducing offensiveness and corrective action. They consider the implications of these rhetorical choices for the complicated merging areas of sport, communication, and health in the NFL's open letters. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COMMUNICATION in sports, credibility, image prepare Open letters offer a unique focus fo, NATIONAL Football League, NFL, RESEARCH, RHETORICAL analysis, TRUTHFULNESS \& falsehood},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hebert, Thomas
Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries Journal Article
In: Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 19, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *HEAD injuries, *SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries, *SPORTS -- Safety measures, *SPORTS injuries, HITS System, NATIONAL Football League, Spearing, Spinal injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Hebert2015,
title = {Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries},
author = {Hebert, Thomas},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation \& Dance},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
abstract = {Through the years there has been an alarming increase in the number of football players in the NFL that have been reporting having short term and permeant sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries during and years after they were done playing football in the NFL which has grabbed the attention of the NFL. There are currently more than 3,000 retired players or their relatives pursuing a class-action lawsuit against the NFL, seeking compensation for lasting head trauma as result of participation in NFL games. The NFL in response to these lawsuits have begun to look into research about chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other brain injuries, the NFL has given over $30 million in unrestricted medical research funding to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health the use of which will be overseen by The National Institutes of Health. Many of the studies being done to help the prevention of sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries is looking at the players helmets and how the head impact exposure allowed by the players helmet contributed to the players brain injury as well as consecutive concussive impacts. One of the studies was conducted by making players wear Riddle helmets equipped with the HIT System. Another study looked at the traditional football helmet which has a rigid exterior and a soft interior. This study was done using a Riddle helmet equipped with the HITS System technology which was placed on a heavy duty head and torso mannequin and struck it with a weighted swinging pendulum helmet to mimic the forces sustained during a helmet-to-helmet strike. As a result of the study they found that all impact severity measures were significantly reduced with the application of the external foam. One of the ways that causes the most spinal injuries is the way football players tackle such as spearing. Over the last few years the NFL have integrated rules that prohibit spearing to help prevent spearing tackles because spinal injuries are a very serious injury and have immediate effects on the athlete. The NFL realizes this is a serious issue and wants to provide their athletes with the safest equipment possible so they have enforced many rule changes and equipment modifications to help reduce the number of avoidable injuries. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*HEAD injuries, *SPINAL cord -- Wounds \& injuries, *SPORTS -- Safety measures, *SPORTS injuries, HITS System, NATIONAL Football League, Spearing, Spinal injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FOOTBALL helmets, *PREVENTION, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Kaplan2015,
title = {League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article offers information on the action of National Football League (NFL) to postpone its efforts of tracking concussive hits using helmet and head sensors in 2015.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *FOOTBALL helmets, *PREVENTION, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS injury prevention, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Kaplan2015b,
title = {Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article reports that the National Football League (NFL) formed its first committee of engineers to find medical approaches and equipment for the prevention of concussions and other injuries among players.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS injury prevention, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hunsucker, Josh
Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures Journal Article
In: McGeorge Law Review, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 801–833, 2014, ISBN: 15209245.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: College sports -- United States, CONCUSSION policies, NATIONAL Football League, Sports -- Rules, Sports administration
@article{Hunsucker2014,
title = {Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures},
author = {Hunsucker, Josh},
isbn = {15209245},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {McGeorge Law Review},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {801--833},
abstract = {The article discusses the need of high school and college football in the U.S. to adopt the U.S. National Football League (NFL) concussion management policies and procedures. Topics discussed include the NFL's efforts for safety of the game and mitigating the harmful effects of concussions, NFL's use of cutting-edge medical research and technology, and the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).},
keywords = {College sports -- United States, CONCUSSION policies, NATIONAL Football League, Sports -- Rules, Sports administration},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Etherton, Elizabeth
Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations Journal Article
In: Sports Lawyers Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–43, 2014, ISBN: 10895191.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, *COLLEGE athletes -- Wounds & injuries, *FOOTBALL injuries, NATIONAL Collegiate Athletic Association, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Etherton2014,
title = {Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations},
author = {Etherton, Elizabeth},
isbn = {10895191},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports Lawyers Journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1--43},
abstract = {The article discusses the concussion management plan and its shortcomings that was developed by the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Topics covered include information on the classifications of concussion cases such as second impact syndrome, subconcussive hits and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Also presented is an overview of the National Football League concussion management protocols.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, *COLLEGE athletes -- Wounds \& injuries, *FOOTBALL injuries, NATIONAL Collegiate Athletic Association, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Call, Keith A
When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head Journal Article
In: Utah Bar Journal, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 38, 2012, ISBN: 00919691.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Actions & defenses (Law), BRAIN -- Concussion, Courtesy, Damages (Law), Helmets, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Call2012,
title = {When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head},
author = {Call, Keith A},
isbn = {00919691},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Utah Bar Journal},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {38},
abstract = {The article presents information on the lawsuits related to injuries due to concussion during National Football League football matches. The need of using helmets by the players, avoidance of hard hitting and need of well conditioned team is discussed. The availability of empirical evidence, need of considering the ethics of the game and civility and written rules is also discussed.},
keywords = {Actions \& defenses (Law), BRAIN -- Concussion, Courtesy, Damages (Law), Helmets, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kuhn, A W; Zuckerman, S L; Solomon, G S; Casson, I R; Viano, D C
In: Sports Health, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30–40, 2017.
@article{Kuhn2017,
title = {Interrelationships Among Neuroimaging Biomarkers, Neuropsychological Test Data, and Symptom Reporting in a Cohort of Retired National Football League Players},
author = {Kuhn, A W and Zuckerman, S L and Solomon, G S and Casson, I R and Viano, D C},
doi = {10.1177/1941738116674006},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Sports Health},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {30--40},
abstract = {Background: Structural brain changes, potentially resulting from repetitive brain trauma (RBT), have been correlated with neurocognitive decline and increased symptom reporting in retired athletes. Hypothesis: In a cohort of retired National Football League (NFL) players, the relationships between 3 neuroimaging parameters, neuropsychological testing, and symptom scores will be significantly correlated. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 45 retired NFL players. Three neuroanatomical parameters were assessed by board-certified radiologists blinded to the purpose of the study: (1) the absence or presence of small or large cavum septum pellucidum, (2) a global mean score of fractional anisotropy (FA), and (3) the presence or absence of microhemorrhages. The subjects underwent a battery of 9 paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests, a computerized neurocognitive test, and multiple symptom and depression scales. The associations among the neuroimaging results with these outcome measures were assessed utilizing Pearson, Spearman rank, and point-biserial correlations. Results: The 45 subjects (mean age, 46.7 ± 9.1 years) reported a mean 6.9 (±6.2) concussions and 13.0 (±7.9) “dings” in the NFL. Ten (22%) did not have a cavum septum pellucidum, while 32 (71%) had a small and 3 (7%) had a large one. Four (9%) had microhemorrhages. Global FA mean was 0.459 (±0.035). The majority (50.8%) of correlations among the neuroimaging parameters and neurocognitive/symptom scores fell below the threshold of “small” effect size (r \< 0.10). The remaining (49.2%) correlations were between “small” and “medium” effect sizes (0.1 \< r \< 0.3). However, all correlations were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: There were minimal and statistically nonsignificant correlations among the neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and symptom scores examined in this cohort of NFL retirees. Clinical Relevance: Associating the severity of structural brain changes to neurocognitive performance and symptom burden after RBT is complex may involve other moderating variables or biomarkers, and demands further study. © 2016, © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strain, J F; Didehbani, N; Spence, J; Conover, H; Bartz, E K; Mansinghani, S; Jeroudi, M K; Rao, N K; Fields, L M; Kraut, M A; Cullum, C M; Hart, J; Womack, K B
White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 372–379, 2017.
@article{Strain2017,
title = {White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes},
author = {Strain, J F and Didehbani, N and Spence, J and Conover, H and Bartz, E K and Mansinghani, S and Jeroudi, M K and Rao, N K and Fields, L M and Kraut, M A and Cullum, C M and Hart, J and Womack, K B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4446},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {372--379},
abstract = {Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we assessed the relationship of white matter integrity and performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in a group of retired professional football players and a control group. We examined correlations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with BNT T-scores in an unbiased voxelwise analysis processed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). We also analyzed the DTI data by grouping voxels together as white matter tracts and testing each tract's association with BNT T-scores. Significant voxelwise correlations between FA and BNT performance were only seen in the retired football players (p \< 0.02). Two tracts had mean FA values that significantly correlated with BNT performance: forceps minor and forceps major. White matter integrity is important for distributed cognitive processes, and disruption correlates with diminished performance in athletes exposed to concussive and subconcussive brain injuries, but not in controls without such exposure. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bell, Travis R; Sanderson, Jimmy
A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 499–518, 2016, ISBN: 19363915.
@article{Bell2016,
title = {A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments},
author = {Bell, Travis R and Sanderson, Jimmy},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {499--518},
abstract = {In December 2015, the movie Concussion was released. The film portrayed the story of Dr Bennet Omalu, who is credited with discovering chromic traumatic encephalopathy in the brains of deceased National Football League players. Before the release, on December 7,2015, Omalu penned an op-ed in The New York Times in which he opined that children should not play tackle football. This research explores 114 reader comments on Omalu's op-ed through the lens of Nisbet's bottom-up framing. Using a mixed-methods approach, the results indicated that participants framed the issue through health and safety, American cultural values, parenting liability, and skepticism. Linguistic analysis revealed that comments contained a negative tone, with women's comments being more negative than men's. The analysis suggests that online news forums function as spaces where public deliberation around the viability of children playing tackle football occurs and illustrates the tensions around risk, sport participation, and health and safety that confront parents as they grapple with the decision to let their children play tackle football. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Compton, Josh; Compton, Jordan
Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 266–275, 2015, ISBN: 19363915.
@article{Compton2015,
title = {Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric},
author = {Compton, Josh and Compton, Jordan},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {266--275},
abstract = {Open letters offer a unique focus for rhetorical analysis in sport communication, forming a message that is both interpersonal (the attempt to reflect dialogue through a letter writer and its recipients) and public (the "open" part of the open letter). The National Football League (NFL) attempted image repair when it used open letters to respond to accusations that it was not doing enough to protect athletes against devastating effects of concussions. Through the use of Benoit's theory of image repair, the authors found that Commissioner Goodell's open letters relied on 2 main image-repair strategies: reducing offensiveness and corrective action. They consider the implications of these rhetorical choices for the complicated merging areas of sport, communication, and health in the NFL's open letters. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hebert, Thomas
Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries Journal Article
In: Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 19, 2015.
@article{Hebert2015,
title = {Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries},
author = {Hebert, Thomas},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation \& Dance},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
abstract = {Through the years there has been an alarming increase in the number of football players in the NFL that have been reporting having short term and permeant sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries during and years after they were done playing football in the NFL which has grabbed the attention of the NFL. There are currently more than 3,000 retired players or their relatives pursuing a class-action lawsuit against the NFL, seeking compensation for lasting head trauma as result of participation in NFL games. The NFL in response to these lawsuits have begun to look into research about chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other brain injuries, the NFL has given over $30 million in unrestricted medical research funding to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health the use of which will be overseen by The National Institutes of Health. Many of the studies being done to help the prevention of sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries is looking at the players helmets and how the head impact exposure allowed by the players helmet contributed to the players brain injury as well as consecutive concussive impacts. One of the studies was conducted by making players wear Riddle helmets equipped with the HIT System. Another study looked at the traditional football helmet which has a rigid exterior and a soft interior. This study was done using a Riddle helmet equipped with the HITS System technology which was placed on a heavy duty head and torso mannequin and struck it with a weighted swinging pendulum helmet to mimic the forces sustained during a helmet-to-helmet strike. As a result of the study they found that all impact severity measures were significantly reduced with the application of the external foam. One of the ways that causes the most spinal injuries is the way football players tackle such as spearing. Over the last few years the NFL have integrated rules that prohibit spearing to help prevent spearing tackles because spinal injuries are a very serious injury and have immediate effects on the athlete. The NFL realizes this is a serious issue and wants to provide their athletes with the safest equipment possible so they have enforced many rule changes and equipment modifications to help reduce the number of avoidable injuries. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
@article{Kaplan2015,
title = {League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article offers information on the action of National Football League (NFL) to postpone its efforts of tracking concussive hits using helmet and head sensors in 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
@article{Kaplan2015b,
title = {Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article reports that the National Football League (NFL) formed its first committee of engineers to find medical approaches and equipment for the prevention of concussions and other injuries among players.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hunsucker, Josh
Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures Journal Article
In: McGeorge Law Review, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 801–833, 2014, ISBN: 15209245.
@article{Hunsucker2014,
title = {Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures},
author = {Hunsucker, Josh},
isbn = {15209245},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {McGeorge Law Review},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {801--833},
abstract = {The article discusses the need of high school and college football in the U.S. to adopt the U.S. National Football League (NFL) concussion management policies and procedures. Topics discussed include the NFL's efforts for safety of the game and mitigating the harmful effects of concussions, NFL's use of cutting-edge medical research and technology, and the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Etherton, Elizabeth
Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations Journal Article
In: Sports Lawyers Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–43, 2014, ISBN: 10895191.
@article{Etherton2014,
title = {Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations},
author = {Etherton, Elizabeth},
isbn = {10895191},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports Lawyers Journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1--43},
abstract = {The article discusses the concussion management plan and its shortcomings that was developed by the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Topics covered include information on the classifications of concussion cases such as second impact syndrome, subconcussive hits and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Also presented is an overview of the National Football League concussion management protocols.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Call, Keith A
When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head Journal Article
In: Utah Bar Journal, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 38, 2012, ISBN: 00919691.
@article{Call2012,
title = {When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head},
author = {Call, Keith A},
isbn = {00919691},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Utah Bar Journal},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {38},
abstract = {The article presents information on the lawsuits related to injuries due to concussion during National Football League football matches. The need of using helmets by the players, avoidance of hard hitting and need of well conditioned team is discussed. The availability of empirical evidence, need of considering the ethics of the game and civility and written rules is also discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kuhn, A W; Zuckerman, S L; Solomon, G S; Casson, I R; Viano, D C
In: Sports Health, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30–40, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: chronic impairment, Cognitive function, NATIONAL Football League, neuroimaging, Neuropsychological testing, neuroradiology, Sport-related concussion
@article{Kuhn2017,
title = {Interrelationships Among Neuroimaging Biomarkers, Neuropsychological Test Data, and Symptom Reporting in a Cohort of Retired National Football League Players},
author = {Kuhn, A W and Zuckerman, S L and Solomon, G S and Casson, I R and Viano, D C},
doi = {10.1177/1941738116674006},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Sports Health},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {30--40},
abstract = {Background: Structural brain changes, potentially resulting from repetitive brain trauma (RBT), have been correlated with neurocognitive decline and increased symptom reporting in retired athletes. Hypothesis: In a cohort of retired National Football League (NFL) players, the relationships between 3 neuroimaging parameters, neuropsychological testing, and symptom scores will be significantly correlated. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 45 retired NFL players. Three neuroanatomical parameters were assessed by board-certified radiologists blinded to the purpose of the study: (1) the absence or presence of small or large cavum septum pellucidum, (2) a global mean score of fractional anisotropy (FA), and (3) the presence or absence of microhemorrhages. The subjects underwent a battery of 9 paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests, a computerized neurocognitive test, and multiple symptom and depression scales. The associations among the neuroimaging results with these outcome measures were assessed utilizing Pearson, Spearman rank, and point-biserial correlations. Results: The 45 subjects (mean age, 46.7 ± 9.1 years) reported a mean 6.9 (±6.2) concussions and 13.0 (±7.9) “dings” in the NFL. Ten (22%) did not have a cavum septum pellucidum, while 32 (71%) had a small and 3 (7%) had a large one. Four (9%) had microhemorrhages. Global FA mean was 0.459 (±0.035). The majority (50.8%) of correlations among the neuroimaging parameters and neurocognitive/symptom scores fell below the threshold of “small” effect size (r \< 0.10). The remaining (49.2%) correlations were between “small” and “medium” effect sizes (0.1 \< r \< 0.3). However, all correlations were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: There were minimal and statistically nonsignificant correlations among the neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and symptom scores examined in this cohort of NFL retirees. Clinical Relevance: Associating the severity of structural brain changes to neurocognitive performance and symptom burden after RBT is complex may involve other moderating variables or biomarkers, and demands further study. © 2016, © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {chronic impairment, Cognitive function, NATIONAL Football League, neuroimaging, Neuropsychological testing, neuroradiology, Sport-related concussion},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strain, J F; Didehbani, N; Spence, J; Conover, H; Bartz, E K; Mansinghani, S; Jeroudi, M K; Rao, N K; Fields, L M; Kraut, M A; Cullum, C M; Hart, J; Womack, K B
White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 372–379, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, DTI, naming, NATIONAL Football League, TBSS, white matter
@article{Strain2017,
title = {White Matter Changes and Confrontation Naming in Retired Aging National Football League Athletes},
author = {Strain, J F and Didehbani, N and Spence, J and Conover, H and Bartz, E K and Mansinghani, S and Jeroudi, M K and Rao, N K and Fields, L M and Kraut, M A and Cullum, C M and Hart, J and Womack, K B},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4446},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {372--379},
abstract = {Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we assessed the relationship of white matter integrity and performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in a group of retired professional football players and a control group. We examined correlations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with BNT T-scores in an unbiased voxelwise analysis processed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). We also analyzed the DTI data by grouping voxels together as white matter tracts and testing each tract's association with BNT T-scores. Significant voxelwise correlations between FA and BNT performance were only seen in the retired football players (p \< 0.02). Two tracts had mean FA values that significantly correlated with BNT performance: forceps minor and forceps major. White matter integrity is important for distributed cognitive processes, and disruption correlates with diminished performance in athletes exposed to concussive and subconcussive brain injuries, but not in controls without such exposure. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},
keywords = {Concussion, DTI, naming, NATIONAL Football League, TBSS, white matter},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bell, Travis R; Sanderson, Jimmy
A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 499–518, 2016, ISBN: 19363915.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *FOOTBALL players, *FOOTBALL teams, Concussions, HEPATIC encephalopathy, NATIONAL Football League, news forums, sport and health, Youth sports
@article{Bell2016,
title = {A Hit on American Football: A Case Study of Bottom-up Framing Through Op-Ed Readers' Comments},
author = {Bell, Travis R and Sanderson, Jimmy},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {499--518},
abstract = {In December 2015, the movie Concussion was released. The film portrayed the story of Dr Bennet Omalu, who is credited with discovering chromic traumatic encephalopathy in the brains of deceased National Football League players. Before the release, on December 7,2015, Omalu penned an op-ed in The New York Times in which he opined that children should not play tackle football. This research explores 114 reader comments on Omalu's op-ed through the lens of Nisbet's bottom-up framing. Using a mixed-methods approach, the results indicated that participants framed the issue through health and safety, American cultural values, parenting liability, and skepticism. Linguistic analysis revealed that comments contained a negative tone, with women's comments being more negative than men's. The analysis suggests that online news forums function as spaces where public deliberation around the viability of children playing tackle football occurs and illustrates the tensions around risk, sport participation, and health and safety that confront parents as they grapple with the decision to let their children play tackle football. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*FOOTBALL players, *FOOTBALL teams, Concussions, HEPATIC encephalopathy, NATIONAL Football League, news forums, sport and health, Youth sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Compton, Josh; Compton, Jordan
Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 266–275, 2015, ISBN: 19363915.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COMMUNICATION in sports, credibility, image prepare Open letters offer a unique focus fo, NATIONAL Football League, NFL, RESEARCH, RHETORICAL analysis, TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood
@article{Compton2015,
title = {Open Letters From the National Football League, Concussion Prevention, and Image-Repair Rhetoric},
author = {Compton, Josh and Compton, Jordan},
isbn = {19363915},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Communication},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {266--275},
abstract = {Open letters offer a unique focus for rhetorical analysis in sport communication, forming a message that is both interpersonal (the attempt to reflect dialogue through a letter writer and its recipients) and public (the "open" part of the open letter). The National Football League (NFL) attempted image repair when it used open letters to respond to accusations that it was not doing enough to protect athletes against devastating effects of concussions. Through the use of Benoit's theory of image repair, the authors found that Commissioner Goodell's open letters relied on 2 main image-repair strategies: reducing offensiveness and corrective action. They consider the implications of these rhetorical choices for the complicated merging areas of sport, communication, and health in the NFL's open letters. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COMMUNICATION in sports, credibility, image prepare Open letters offer a unique focus fo, NATIONAL Football League, NFL, RESEARCH, RHETORICAL analysis, TRUTHFULNESS \& falsehood},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hebert, Thomas
Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries Journal Article
In: Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 19, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *HEAD injuries, *SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries, *SPORTS -- Safety measures, *SPORTS injuries, HITS System, NATIONAL Football League, Spearing, Spinal injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Hebert2015,
title = {Assessing the NFL Safety Precautions for Reducing Head and Spinal Injuries},
author = {Hebert, Thomas},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Kentucky Newsletter for Health, Physical Education, Recreation \& Dance},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
abstract = {Through the years there has been an alarming increase in the number of football players in the NFL that have been reporting having short term and permeant sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries during and years after they were done playing football in the NFL which has grabbed the attention of the NFL. There are currently more than 3,000 retired players or their relatives pursuing a class-action lawsuit against the NFL, seeking compensation for lasting head trauma as result of participation in NFL games. The NFL in response to these lawsuits have begun to look into research about chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other brain injuries, the NFL has given over $30 million in unrestricted medical research funding to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health the use of which will be overseen by The National Institutes of Health. Many of the studies being done to help the prevention of sport-related mild and traumatic head and spinal injuries is looking at the players helmets and how the head impact exposure allowed by the players helmet contributed to the players brain injury as well as consecutive concussive impacts. One of the studies was conducted by making players wear Riddle helmets equipped with the HIT System. Another study looked at the traditional football helmet which has a rigid exterior and a soft interior. This study was done using a Riddle helmet equipped with the HITS System technology which was placed on a heavy duty head and torso mannequin and struck it with a weighted swinging pendulum helmet to mimic the forces sustained during a helmet-to-helmet strike. As a result of the study they found that all impact severity measures were significantly reduced with the application of the external foam. One of the ways that causes the most spinal injuries is the way football players tackle such as spearing. Over the last few years the NFL have integrated rules that prohibit spearing to help prevent spearing tackles because spinal injuries are a very serious injury and have immediate effects on the athlete. The NFL realizes this is a serious issue and wants to provide their athletes with the safest equipment possible so they have enforced many rule changes and equipment modifications to help reduce the number of avoidable injuries. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*HEAD injuries, *SPINAL cord -- Wounds \& injuries, *SPORTS -- Safety measures, *SPORTS injuries, HITS System, NATIONAL Football League, Spearing, Spinal injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FOOTBALL helmets, *PREVENTION, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Kaplan2015,
title = {League shelves program that used helmet and head sensors to track concussive hits},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article offers information on the action of National Football League (NFL) to postpone its efforts of tracking concussive hits using helmet and head sensors in 2015.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *FOOTBALL helmets, *PREVENTION, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaplan, Daniel
Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention Journal Article
In: Street & Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 4, 2015, ISBN: 10985972.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS injury prevention, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Kaplan2015b,
title = {Engineers to assist NFL with injury prevention},
author = {Kaplan, Daniel},
isbn = {10985972},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Street \& Smith's Sportsbusiness Journal},
volume = {17},
number = {43},
pages = {4},
abstract = {The article reports that the National Football League (NFL) formed its first committee of engineers to find medical approaches and equipment for the prevention of concussions and other injuries among players.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS injury prevention, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hunsucker, Josh
Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures Journal Article
In: McGeorge Law Review, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 801–833, 2014, ISBN: 15209245.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: College sports -- United States, CONCUSSION policies, NATIONAL Football League, Sports -- Rules, Sports administration
@article{Hunsucker2014,
title = {Buckle Your Chinstrap: Why Youth, High School, and College Football Should Adopt the NFL's Concussion Management Policies and Procedures},
author = {Hunsucker, Josh},
isbn = {15209245},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {McGeorge Law Review},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {801--833},
abstract = {The article discusses the need of high school and college football in the U.S. to adopt the U.S. National Football League (NFL) concussion management policies and procedures. Topics discussed include the NFL's efforts for safety of the game and mitigating the harmful effects of concussions, NFL's use of cutting-edge medical research and technology, and the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).},
keywords = {College sports -- United States, CONCUSSION policies, NATIONAL Football League, Sports -- Rules, Sports administration},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Etherton, Elizabeth
Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations Journal Article
In: Sports Lawyers Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–43, 2014, ISBN: 10895191.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, *COLLEGE athletes -- Wounds & injuries, *FOOTBALL injuries, NATIONAL Collegiate Athletic Association, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Etherton2014,
title = {Systematic Negligence: The NCAA Concussion Management Plan and Its Limitations},
author = {Etherton, Elizabeth},
isbn = {10895191},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports Lawyers Journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {1--43},
abstract = {The article discusses the concussion management plan and its shortcomings that was developed by the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Topics covered include information on the classifications of concussion cases such as second impact syndrome, subconcussive hits and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Also presented is an overview of the National Football League concussion management protocols.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *CHRONIC traumatic encephalopathy, *COLLEGE athletes -- Wounds \& injuries, *FOOTBALL injuries, NATIONAL Collegiate Athletic Association, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Call, Keith A
When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head Journal Article
In: Utah Bar Journal, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 38, 2012, ISBN: 00919691.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Actions & defenses (Law), BRAIN -- Concussion, Courtesy, Damages (Law), Helmets, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Call2012,
title = {When it Comes to Ethics and Civility, Don't Use Your Head},
author = {Call, Keith A},
isbn = {00919691},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Utah Bar Journal},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {38},
abstract = {The article presents information on the lawsuits related to injuries due to concussion during National Football League football matches. The need of using helmets by the players, avoidance of hard hitting and need of well conditioned team is discussed. The availability of empirical evidence, need of considering the ethics of the game and civility and written rules is also discussed.},
keywords = {Actions \& defenses (Law), BRAIN -- Concussion, Courtesy, Damages (Law), Helmets, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}