Lloyd, John
Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. A–84–A–84, 2016, ISBN: 08977151.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident victims -- Abstracts, Biomechanics -- Abstracts, Helmet, motorcycle, TBI, Traffic accidents -- Abstracts
@article{Lloyd2016,
title = {Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection},
author = {Lloyd, John},
isbn = {08977151},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {13},
pages = {A--84--A--84},
abstract = {Motorcycle accident victims account for more than 340,000 fatalities annually, with the Unites States ranking 8th highest worldwide in number of motorcycle accident deaths. Seventy-five percent of all fatal motorcycle accidents involve head and brain injury, with rotational forces acting on the brain the primary cause of mortality. Current motorcycle helmets are reasonably effective at reducing head injuries associated with blunt impact. However, the mechanism of traumatic brain injury is biomechanically very different from that associated with head injury. This biomechanics study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current motorcycle helmets at reducing the risk of traumatic brain injuries, including hemorrhages and concussion. A variety of motorcycle helmet designs, including full-face, threequarter, half-helmets and novelty (non DOT) helmets were evaluated at impact speeds up to 25 mph using a validated test apparatus outfitted with a crash test dummy head and neck. Sensors installed at the center of gravity of the headform and on the helmet enabled high-speed data acquisition of linear and angular head kinematics associated with impact. Variables depicting the impact characteristics and protective properties of the helmet were computed using Matlab- and plot against established biomechanical thresholds for skull fracture, concussion and subdural hematoma. Results of this study indicate that larger, heavier helmets, such as full-face motorcycle helmets, seem to yield a higher risk of traumatic brain injuries, likely due to increased rotational inertia acting on the brain. Findings are also categorized according to the certification standard to which the respective helmets were designed, with interesting discoveries. Most alarming was the limited effectives of current motorcycle helmets in preventing concussion and severe traumatic brain injuries at even modest impact speeds. Considering that motorcyclists purchase protective headgear with the intent of protecting both the head and brain against acute injury it is anticipated that findings from this study will enable endusers to make better-informed purchase decisions. Moreover, it is hoped that knowledge learned from this study will enable the development of a new generation of advanced motorcycle helmets that offer improved protection against both head and brain injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {accident, Accident victims -- Abstracts, Biomechanics -- Abstracts, Helmet, motorcycle, TBI, Traffic accidents -- Abstracts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lloyd, John
Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. A–84–A–84, 2016, ISBN: 08977151.
@article{Lloyd2016,
title = {Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection},
author = {Lloyd, John},
isbn = {08977151},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {13},
pages = {A--84--A--84},
abstract = {Motorcycle accident victims account for more than 340,000 fatalities annually, with the Unites States ranking 8th highest worldwide in number of motorcycle accident deaths. Seventy-five percent of all fatal motorcycle accidents involve head and brain injury, with rotational forces acting on the brain the primary cause of mortality. Current motorcycle helmets are reasonably effective at reducing head injuries associated with blunt impact. However, the mechanism of traumatic brain injury is biomechanically very different from that associated with head injury. This biomechanics study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current motorcycle helmets at reducing the risk of traumatic brain injuries, including hemorrhages and concussion. A variety of motorcycle helmet designs, including full-face, threequarter, half-helmets and novelty (non DOT) helmets were evaluated at impact speeds up to 25 mph using a validated test apparatus outfitted with a crash test dummy head and neck. Sensors installed at the center of gravity of the headform and on the helmet enabled high-speed data acquisition of linear and angular head kinematics associated with impact. Variables depicting the impact characteristics and protective properties of the helmet were computed using Matlab- and plot against established biomechanical thresholds for skull fracture, concussion and subdural hematoma. Results of this study indicate that larger, heavier helmets, such as full-face motorcycle helmets, seem to yield a higher risk of traumatic brain injuries, likely due to increased rotational inertia acting on the brain. Findings are also categorized according to the certification standard to which the respective helmets were designed, with interesting discoveries. Most alarming was the limited effectives of current motorcycle helmets in preventing concussion and severe traumatic brain injuries at even modest impact speeds. Considering that motorcyclists purchase protective headgear with the intent of protecting both the head and brain against acute injury it is anticipated that findings from this study will enable endusers to make better-informed purchase decisions. Moreover, it is hoped that knowledge learned from this study will enable the development of a new generation of advanced motorcycle helmets that offer improved protection against both head and brain injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lloyd, John
Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. A–84–A–84, 2016, ISBN: 08977151.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident victims -- Abstracts, Biomechanics -- Abstracts, Helmet, motorcycle, TBI, Traffic accidents -- Abstracts
@article{Lloyd2016,
title = {Biomechanics of motorcycle helmet protection},
author = {Lloyd, John},
isbn = {08977151},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {13},
pages = {A--84--A--84},
abstract = {Motorcycle accident victims account for more than 340,000 fatalities annually, with the Unites States ranking 8th highest worldwide in number of motorcycle accident deaths. Seventy-five percent of all fatal motorcycle accidents involve head and brain injury, with rotational forces acting on the brain the primary cause of mortality. Current motorcycle helmets are reasonably effective at reducing head injuries associated with blunt impact. However, the mechanism of traumatic brain injury is biomechanically very different from that associated with head injury. This biomechanics study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current motorcycle helmets at reducing the risk of traumatic brain injuries, including hemorrhages and concussion. A variety of motorcycle helmet designs, including full-face, threequarter, half-helmets and novelty (non DOT) helmets were evaluated at impact speeds up to 25 mph using a validated test apparatus outfitted with a crash test dummy head and neck. Sensors installed at the center of gravity of the headform and on the helmet enabled high-speed data acquisition of linear and angular head kinematics associated with impact. Variables depicting the impact characteristics and protective properties of the helmet were computed using Matlab- and plot against established biomechanical thresholds for skull fracture, concussion and subdural hematoma. Results of this study indicate that larger, heavier helmets, such as full-face motorcycle helmets, seem to yield a higher risk of traumatic brain injuries, likely due to increased rotational inertia acting on the brain. Findings are also categorized according to the certification standard to which the respective helmets were designed, with interesting discoveries. Most alarming was the limited effectives of current motorcycle helmets in preventing concussion and severe traumatic brain injuries at even modest impact speeds. Considering that motorcyclists purchase protective headgear with the intent of protecting both the head and brain against acute injury it is anticipated that findings from this study will enable endusers to make better-informed purchase decisions. Moreover, it is hoped that knowledge learned from this study will enable the development of a new generation of advanced motorcycle helmets that offer improved protection against both head and brain injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {accident, Accident victims -- Abstracts, Biomechanics -- Abstracts, Helmet, motorcycle, TBI, Traffic accidents -- Abstracts},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}