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Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K
Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.
@article{Ellis2015,
title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},
author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},
doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {248--255},
abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 764–775, 2015.
@article{Merritt2015b,
title = {A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale},
author = {Merritt, V C and Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
doi = {10.1080/13803395.2015.1060950},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
number = {7},
pages = {764--775},
abstract = {Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M
Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.
@article{Alexander2015,
title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},
author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1113--1125},
abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mendez, M F; Paholpak, P; Lin, A; Zhang, J Y; Teng, E
Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Journal Article
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 985–993, 2015.
@article{Mendez2015,
title = {Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease},
author = {Mendez, M F and Paholpak, P and Lin, A and Zhang, J Y and Teng, E},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {985--993},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most established environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if TBI is specifically associated with early-onset AD (EOAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between TBI and EOAD (\<65 years). METHODS: We identified 1,449 EOAD, 4,337 late-onset AD (LOAD), and corresponding EOAD-matched and LOAD-matched normal controls (NC) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) database and compared the prevalence of any history of TBI as well as measures of cognition, function, behavior, and neuropathology. For validation, we determined TBI prevalence among 115 well-characterized clinic patients with EOAD. RESULTS: Part A: The prevalence of any TBI in the NACC-database EOAD participants (13.3%) was comparable to that observed in the clinic EOAD patients (13.9%) but significantly higher than in the NACC-database LOAD participants (7.7% ; p \< 0.0001) and trended to higher compared to EOAD-matched NC (11.1% ; logistic regression p = 0.053). Part B: When we compared EOAD patients with documented non-acute and non-residually impairing TBI to EOAD without a documented history of prior TBI, those with TBI had significantly more disinhibition. Part C: Autopsies did not reveal differences in AD neuropathology based on a history of TBI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest, but do not establish, that TBI is a specific risk factor for EOAD and may lead to disinhibition, a feature that often results from the frontal effects of head injury. This study recommends further research on the effects of TBI in EOAD in larger numbers of participants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Monaco 3rd, E A; Tempel, Z
Concussion related to white matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in aging athletes Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. N10–1, 2015.
@article{Monaco3rd2015,
title = {Concussion related to white matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in aging athletes},
author = {{Monaco 3rd}, E A and Tempel, Z},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {76},
number = {4},
pages = {N10--1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Waldron-Perrine, B; Tree, H A; Spencer, R J; Suhr, J; Bieliauskas, L
Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1051–1055, 2015.
@article{Waldron-Perrine2015,
title = {Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study},
author = {Waldron-Perrine, B and Tree, H A and Spencer, R J and Suhr, J and Bieliauskas, L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {1051--1055},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Many Veterans involved in recent OEF/OIF conflicts return with reports of having experienced an mTBI. The Veteran's Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) have gone to great lengths to provide information to Veterans regarding possible effects of TBI. Although well intended, this information may possibly have an iatrogenic effect. Conversely, setting positive expectations for recovery from mTBI has been shown to result in decreased symptomatology. RESEARCH DESIGN: One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analyses were used to determine whether there were significant differences on reported severity and number of PCS symptoms (NSI) among the three experimental groups (recovery focused information; expectation for persistent symptoms; and no information given). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Undergraduate students, who were told to imagine they had experienced a military-related TBI, reported varying levels of expected symptoms when given either positive or negative information about symptom expectation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The results indicate that presenting recovery-oriented literature resulted in the lowest report of expected symptoms, whereas presenting no information resulted in the highest report of expected symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Providing Veterans with information regarding a likely positive trajectory of recovery may result in less symptom persistence during rehabilitation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Davis, J; Canty, G
Are Sports-Related Concussions Giving You a Headache? Journal Article
In: Missouri Medicine, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 187–191, 2015.
@article{Davis2015,
title = {Are Sports-Related Concussions Giving You a Headache?},
author = {Davis, J and Canty, G},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Missouri Medicine},
volume = {112},
number = {3},
pages = {187--191},
abstract = {Acute care visits for sports-related concussion (SRC) are increasing dramatically in adolescents. This review summarizes current concepts in the evaluation and management of pediatric SRC by health care providers in the acute care setting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kostyun, R
Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article
In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.
@article{Kostyun2015a,
title = {Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature},
author = {Kostyun, R},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Connecticut Medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {161--165},
abstract = {Adolescents and young adults recovering from a concussion may experience subjective changes in their normal sleeping patterns. These subjective sleep complaints may influence a patient's perceived concussion symptoms and negatively impact cognition and school function. Clinicians should be cognizant of these changes in normal sleeping patterns for adolescent and young adult concussion patient and familiarize themselves with available treatment options.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J
Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.
@article{Nauman2015,
title = {Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football},
author = {Nauman, E A and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Talavage, T M and Robinson, M E and Leverenz, L J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {85--91},
abstract = {Neurocognitive assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and head impact monitoring were used to evaluate neurological changes in high school football players throughout competitive seasons. A substantial number of asymptomatic athletes exhibited neurophysiological changes that persisted post-season, with abnormal measures significantly more common in athletes receiving 50 or more hits per week during the season.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buckley, T A; Burdette, G; Kelly, K
Concussion-Management Practice Patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Athletic Trainers: How the Other Half Lives Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 879–888, 2015.
@article{Buckley2015,
title = {Concussion-Management Practice Patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Athletic Trainers: How the Other Half Lives},
author = {Buckley, T A and Burdette, G and Kelly, K},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {50},
number = {8},
pages = {879--888},
abstract = {CONTEXT: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has published concussion-management practice guidelines consistent with recent position and consensus statements. Whereas NCAA Division I athletic trainers appear highly compliant, little is known about the concussion-management practice patterns of athletic trainers at smaller institutions where staffing and resources may be limited. OBJECTIVE: To descriptively define the concussion-management practice patterns of NCAA Division II and III athletic trainers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Web-based questionnaire. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 755 respondents (response rate = 40.2%) from NCAA Division II and Division III institutions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome measures were the rate of multifaceted concussion-assessment techniques, defined as 3 or more assessments; the specific practice patterns of each assessment battery; and tests used during a clinical examination. RESULTS: Most respondents indicated using a multifaceted assessment during acute assessment (Division II = 76.9%},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lucas, S
Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article
In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.
@article{Lucas2015,
title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},
author = {Lucas, S},
doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Provance, Aaron J; Terhune, E Bailey; Cooley, Christine; Carry, Patrick M; Connery, Amy K; Engelman, Glenn H; Kirkwood, Michael W
The Relationship Between Initial Physical Examination Findings and Failure on Objective Validity Testing During Neuropsychological Evaluation After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article
In: Sports Health, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 410–415, 2014, ISBN: 19417381.
@article{Provance2014,
title = {The Relationship Between Initial Physical Examination Findings and Failure on Objective Validity Testing During Neuropsychological Evaluation After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},
author = {Provance, Aaron J and Terhune, E Bailey and Cooley, Christine and Carry, Patrick M and Connery, Amy K and Engelman, Glenn H and Kirkwood, Michael W},
isbn = {19417381},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Sports Health},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {410--415},
abstract = {The article focuses on a study that examined how concussed patients who are seen for sports medicine workup present with noncredible effort during a follow-up neuropsychological examination. In the study participants will demonstrate noncredible effort during neuropsychological testing and study conclude that patient shows evidence of noncredible performance during neuropsychological examination.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S
Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.
@article{Resch2013b,
title = {Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT},
author = {Resch, Jacob E and Brown, Cathleen N and Baumgartner, Ted A and Macciocchi, Stephen N and Walpert, Kimberly P and Ferrara, Michael S},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {272--281},
abstract = {The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is reported to possess variable reliability potentially due to a variety of factors, including mood. This study examined the influence of mood on ImPACT performance. A repeated measures design was used to assess 104 healthy, college-aged students. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Brief (POMS-B) and the ImPACT at days 1, 45, and 50. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the POMS-B and ImPACT composite scores. At day 1, the ImPACT's Impulse Control composite score was significantly correlated to POMS-B Fatigue-Inertia mood state (-0.23},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zuckerman, Scott L; Lee, Young M; Odom, Mitchell J; Solomon, Gary S; Sills, Allen K
Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 103–109, 2013, ISBN: 1933-0707.
@article{Zuckerman2013,
title = {Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability},
author = {Zuckerman, Scott L and Lee, Young M and Odom, Mitchell J and Solomon, Gary S and Sills, Allen K},
doi = {10.3171/2013.5.PEDS12524},
isbn = {1933-0707},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {103--109},
publisher = {American Association of Neurological Surgeons \& the Journal of Neurosurgical Publishing Group},
address = {Rolling Meadows, Illinois},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Resch, Jacob; Driscoll, Aoife; McCaffrey, Noel; Brown, Cathleen; Ferrara, Michael S; Macciocchi, Stephen; Baumgartner, Ted; Walpert, Kimberly
ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable? Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 506–511, 2013, ISBN: 1062-6050.
@article{Resch2013b,
title = {ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable?},
author = {Resch, Jacob and Driscoll, Aoife and McCaffrey, Noel and Brown, Cathleen and Ferrara, Michael S and Macciocchi, Stephen and Baumgartner, Ted and Walpert, Kimberly},
doi = {10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.09},
isbn = {1062-6050},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {48},
number = {4},
pages = {506--511},
abstract = {Context: Computerized neuropsychological testing is commonly used in the assessment and management of sport-related concussion. Even though computerized testing is widespread, psychometric evidence for test-retest reliability is somewhat limited. Additional evidence for test-retest reliability is needed to optimize clinical decision making after concussion. Objective: To document test-retest reliability for a commercially available computerized neuropsychological test battery (ImPACT) using 2 different clinically relevant time intervals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two research laboratories. Patients or Other Participants: Group 1 (n=46) consisted of 25 men and 21 women (age=22.4 ± 1.89 years). Group 2 (n = 45) consisted of 17 men and 28 women (age = 20.9 ± 1.72 years). Intervention(s): Both groups completed ImPACT forms 1, 2, and 3, which were delivered sequentially either at 1-week intervals (group 1) or at baseline, day 45, and day 50 (group 2). Group 2 also completed the Green Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of effort. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the composite scores of ImPACT between time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate changes in ImPACT and WMT results over time. Results: The ICC values for group 1 ranged from 0.26 to 0.88 for the 4 ImPACT composite scores. The ICC values for group 2 ranged from 0.37 to 0.76. In group 1, ImPACT classified 37.0% and 46.0% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. In group 2, ImPACT classified 22.2% and 28.9% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: We found variable test-retest reliability for ImPACT metrics. Visual motor speed and reaction time demonstrated greater reliability than verbal and visual memory. Our current data support a multifaceted approach to concussion assessment using clinical examinations, symptom reports, cognitive testing, and balance assessment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bica, David; Armen, Joseph; Nicele, Brock
Computerized Neuropsychological Testing in the Management of Sports-Related Concussions Journal Article
In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2012, ISBN: 19425864.
@article{Bica2012,
title = {Computerized Neuropsychological Testing in the Management of Sports-Related Concussions},
author = {Bica, David and Armen, Joseph and Nicele, Brock},
isbn = {19425864},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Training \& Sports Health Care},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {7--10},
abstract = {The use of computerized neuropsychological testing has increased for the objective assessment of athletes with concussions and making return-to-play decisions. However, many computerized tests are commercially available but not all are created equal. This article reviews the current literature on computerized testing and its clinical utility. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Laubscher, Johannes A; Dijkstra, Hendrik P; Strydom, Gert L; Peters, Elsebé
Academic consequences of very mild and mild traumatic brain injuries in secondary school rugby players Journal Article
In: African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 221–230, 2010.
@article{Laubscher2010,
title = {Academic consequences of very mild and mild traumatic brain injuries in secondary school rugby players},
author = {Laubscher, Johannes A and Dijkstra, Hendrik P and Strydom, Gert L and Peters, Elseb\'{e}},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation \& Dance},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {221--230},
abstract = {Information on the consequences of mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI#) on secondary school rugby players has been documented, but studies on the academic consequences of repetitive sub-concussive injuries or so-called very mild traumatic brain injuries (vMTBI) are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the last two years academic performances of secondary school rugby players suffering very mild (vMTBI), and mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI) with sedentary control group. A cohort of 35 secondary school male rugby players (divided into a sub-concussive (vMTBI) group (group 1) (n=26) and a concussive (MTBI) group (group 2) (n=9) at the end of a secondary school rugby season and ten (n=10) participants that were not involved in contact sport (control group 3), were used. The academic results of the participants in the subjects Afrikaans, English, Mathematics and Sciences were obtained from the secondary school records. Group 1 (vMTBI group) and group 2 (MTBI group) showed a statistically significant (p⩽0.05) decrease in academic performance in Afrikaans when compared between year 1 and year 2, (group 1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vent, J; Koenig, J; Hellmich, M; Huettenbrink, K B; Damm, M
Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis Journal Article
In: Brain Research, vol. 1320, pp. 1–6, 2010.
@article{Vent2010,
title = {Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis},
author = {Vent, J and Koenig, J and Hellmich, M and Huettenbrink, K B and Damm, M},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Brain Research},
volume = {1320},
pages = {1--6},
abstract = {Recently, interest in the health of boxers has been raised by a petition of the British Medical Association to restrict boxing. However, scientific data on permanent damage are rare and typical localisations of injuries were yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in the sense of smell in people undergoing recurrent head traumas. The hypothesis to be tested was if boxers had a reduced olfactory function. We used a matched pairs analysis design. Fifty healthy, male athletes underwent subjective olfactometry using Sniffin'Sticks testing (including threshold, discrimination and identification, TDI). Nasal endoscopy was performed and a thorough, questionnaire-based history was obtained. These data were correlated with normative data from healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was based on matched pairs analysis by t-tests, i.e. boxers and healthy (non-boxing) subjects. Boxers showed a mean TDI score of 32.5 compared to 35.1 of non-boxing controls (p=0.003). The olfactory threshold (p\<0.001) and odour identification (p\<0.05) were significantly decreased in boxers; whereas odour discrimination was unaffected. Performance of odour identification showed a correlation with cushioning of the gloves (p\<0.05), and thus seems a protective measure regarding the sense of smell. Boxing seems to affect olfactory function, particularly by reducing the olfactory threshold. Furthermore, cushioning of the gloves can be protective and should be increased to safeguard sportsmen from physical damage. Boxing can serve as a model for central regeneration after trauma. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thornton, A E; Cox, D N; Whitfield, K; Fouladi, R T
Cumulative concussion exposure in rugby players: neurocognitive and symptomatic outcomes Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 398–409, 2008.
@article{Thornton2008a,
title = {Cumulative concussion exposure in rugby players: neurocognitive and symptomatic outcomes},
author = {Thornton, A E and Cox, D N and Whitfield, K and Fouladi, R T},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {398--409},
abstract = {A total of 111 rugby players underwent comprehensive testing to determine the impact of self-reported concussion exposure. Reliable estimates of concussion exposure were associated with an increase in postconcussion symptoms (PCS), but not diminished neurocognitive functioning. Importantly, the effects of concussion exposure on PCS varied as a function of player status. More specifically, extent of concussion exposure was associated with increased memory complaints and overall PCS endorsements in a dose-dependent manner for retired and older recreational players, but not for those who were younger and playing at more competitive levels. Future work should systematically evaluate the constituent participant factors that may influence differential concussion outcomes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
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