Collins, M; Maroon, J C; Valadka, A B; Bailes, J E; Bleiberg, J
Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery - Comments Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 60, pp. 1057–1058, 2007, ISSN: 0148-396X.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collins2007,
title = {Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery - Comments},
author = {Collins, M and Maroon, J C and Valadka, A B and Bailes, J E and Bleiberg, J},
issn = {0148-396X},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {60},
pages = {1057--1058},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parker, Tonya M; Osternig, Louis R; van Donkelaar, Paul; Chou, Li-Shan
Recovery of cognitive and dynamic motor function following concussion Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 41, pp. 868–73; discussion 873, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Parker2007,
title = {Recovery of cognitive and dynamic motor function following concussion},
author = {Parker, Tonya M and Osternig, Louis R and van Donkelaar, Paul and Chou, Li-Shan},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {41},
pages = {868--73; discussion 873},
address = {Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological testing has been advocated as an important tool of proper post-concussion management. Although these measures provide information that can be used in the decision of when to return an individual to previous levels of physical activity, they provide little data on motor performance following injury. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between measures of dynamic motor performance and neuropsychological function following concussion over the course of 28 days. METHODS: Participants completed two experimental protocols: gait stability and neuropsychological testing. The gait stability protocol measured whole-body centre of mass motion as subjects walked under conditions of divided and undivided attention. Neuropsychological testing consisted of a computerised battery of tests designed to assess memory, reaction time, processing speed and concussion symptoms. Correlation coefficients were computed between all neuropsychological and gait variables and comparisons of neuropsychological and gait stability post-concussion recovery curves were assessed. RESULTS: Dynamic motor tasks, such as walking under varying conditions of attention, are complex and demanding undertakings, which require a longer recovery time following a concussion than cognitive measures. Little statistical relationship was found between the neuropsychological and gait variables, and the recovery curves of neuropsychological and gait domains were observed to be independent. CONCLUSIONS: In order to fully examine the effects of concussion and determine the optimal time for a safe return to activity, a multi-factorial approach, including both cognitive and motor tasks, should be employed.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halterman, Charlene I; Langan, Jeanne; Drew, Anthony; Rodriguez, Erika; Osternig, Louis R; Chou, Li-Shan; van Donkelaar, Paul
Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Brain, vol. 129, pp. 747–753, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Halterman2006,
title = {Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Halterman, Charlene I and Langan, Jeanne and Drew, Anthony and Rodriguez, Erika and Osternig, Louis R and Chou, Li-Shan and van Donkelaar, Paul},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {129},
pages = {747--753},
address = {Department of Human Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.},
abstract = {The goal of the current investigation was to probe the deficits in the alerting, orienting and executive components of visuospatial attention in individuals who have recently suffered a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to assess the rate and degree of recovery for each of these components over a month post-injury. A group design was employed to assess and compare the performance of participants (12 males, 8 females; mean age: 21 +/- 1.74 years) identified with mTBI relative to control subjects matched for gender, age, height, weight and activity level. Participants performed the attentional network test, designed to isolate the constituents of attention into alerting, orienting and executive components. Reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy were the main dependent variables. The results showed that the orienting and executive components were significantly affected by mTBI immediately after the injury, whereas the alerting component was not. Furthermore, participants with mTBI recovered from the deficits in the orienting component of attention within a week of their injury, whereas the deficits in the executive component remained throughout the month post-injury. In addition, the RT cost to generate accurate compared with inaccurate responses was significantly larger in participants with mTBI than in controls, and this difference was maintained throughout the 1 month testing period. These findings indicate that the regions of the brain associated with the orienting and executive components of visuospatial attention may be most susceptible to neural damage resulting from mTBI. Moreover, the lack of recovery in the executive component indicates that the degree and time course for recovery may be regionally specific.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bailes, J E; Guskiewicz, K M
Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury - Comments Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 59, pp. 139, 2006, ISSN: 0148-396X.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bailes2006,
title = {Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury - Comments},
author = {Bailes, J E and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {0148-396X},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {59},
pages = {139},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnston, Karen M
SCAT in the wilderness Journal Article
In: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, vol. 17, pp. 73–74, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Johnston2006a,
title = {SCAT in the wilderness},
author = {Johnston, Karen M},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Wilderness \& Environmental Medicine},
volume = {17},
pages = {73--74},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Slobounov, Semyon; Tutwiler, Rick; Sebastianelli, Wayne; Slobounov, Elena
Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 59, pp. 134–139, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Slobounov2006,
title = {Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Slobounov, Semyon and Tutwiler, Rick and Sebastianelli, Wayne and Slobounov, Elena},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {59},
pages = {134--139},
address = {Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. sms18@psu.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Balance deficits in individuals experiencing mild traumatic brain injury have been documented in numerous recent studies. However, long-lasting balance deficits and specific mechanisms causing these deficits have not been systematically examined. This article aimed to present empirical evidence showing destabilizing effects of visual field motion in concussed individuals up to 30 days postinjury. METHODS: Sixty student athletes participated in the pilot (n = 12) and major experiments (n = 48) before injury. Eight of these 48 subjects who experienced mild traumatic brain injury in athletic events were tested again on Days 3, 10, and 30 after the incident. Postural responses to visual field motion were recorded using a virtual reality environment in conjunction with balance (AMTI force plate) and motion tracking (Flock of Birds) technologies. RESULTS: The area of the center of pressure during upright stance did not change from Day 3 to 30 postinjury with respect to pre-injury status (P \> .05). However, balance deficits induced by visual field motion were present up to 30 days postinjury. Destabilizing effect of visual field motion was observed via significant increase of the center of pressure data (P \< .05) and reduced coherence value. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the presence of residual sensory integration dysfunction in concussed individuals at least 30 days postinjury and may indicate a lower threshold for brain reinjury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ragan, Brian G; Kang, Minsoo
Measurement issues in concussion testing Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 12, pp. 2–6, 2005.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Ragan2005,
title = {Measurement issues in concussion testing },
author = {Ragan, Brian G and Kang, Minsoo},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {12},
pages = {2--6},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sandhana, Lakshmi
VR headset can spot concussion in minutes Journal Article
In: New Scientist, vol. 186, pp. 25, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Sandhana2005,
title = {VR headset can spot concussion in minutes},
author = {Sandhana, Lakshmi},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {New Scientist},
volume = {186},
pages = {25},
abstract = {The article focuses on a virtual-reality headset which is being developed to diagnose the extent of a head injury within minutes. Non-medical personnel will use it to quickly gauge the extent of brain damage and the system works in noisy emergency rooms, on the battlefield or at the side of a sports field. The system puts the wearer through an array of neuropsychological tests designed to pick up reduced reaction times and deficits in working memory, conditions that would indicate injuries to different parts of the brain. By measuring reactions times in a battery of tests, the system is designed to detect even mild cognitive deficits associated with concussion or early dementia.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Macher, R B; Arnett, P A; Echemendia, R J
Computerized versus clinical testing: examining validity of cognitive assessment in sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 20, pp. 839, 2005, ISSN: 0887-6177.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Macher2005,
title = {Computerized versus clinical testing: examining validity of cognitive assessment in sports-related concussion},
author = {Macher, R B and Arnett, P A and Echemendia, R J},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {20},
pages = {839},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrory, Paul
Preparticipation assessment for head injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 139–144, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrory2004b,
title = {Preparticipation assessment for head injury},
author = {McCrory, Paul},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {139--144},
address = {Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine and The Brain Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the evidence base for recommendations regarding the pre-participation screening for head injury. DATA SOURCES: The relevant literature was searched through the use of Medline (1966 to 2004), Google and Sport Discus (1975 to 2004) searches, hand searches of journals and reference lists and discussions with experts and sporting organisations worldwide. DATA SYNTHESIS/METHODS: Consensus recommendations are summarized. No formal statistical analysis is presented RESULTS: Although pre-participation examinations are widely performed, there are no evidence-based guidelines to direct physicians as to the minimum requirements for the baseline assessment of head injury. CONCLUSIONS: Expert consensus would suggest that a baseline neuropsychological examination, preferably using a computerised test battery, should be performed in order to guide return to play following subsequent concussive injuries. In addition, there are important medicolegal considerations in regard to the value of a documented assessment both at the start and end of an athlete's career with any team. [References: 19]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; Makdissi, M; McStephen, M; Darby, D G; McCrory, P
Statistical procedures for determining the extent of cognitive change following concussion Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 273–278, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2004,
title = {Statistical procedures for determining the extent of cognitive change following concussion},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and Makdissi, M and McStephen, M and Darby, D G and McCrory, P},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Neuropsychological (NP) testing is now often used to help to determine if the cognitive function of a concussed athlete has declined. The NP test score after concussion is compared with the baseline test score. Many clinicians simply subtract one from the other and make a clinical decision about the significance or otherwise of the resulting "difference score". Such techniques are inadequate, as they fail to account for the many factors that may confound interpretation of serially acquired cognitive test scores. This is a review of a number of alternative approaches used in other areas of medicine for differentiating "true" changes from changes caused by these confounding factors. A case example is used to illustrate the effect that the statistical approach may have on clinical decision making.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gall, Brent; Parkhouse, Wade; Goodman, David
Heart rate variability of recently concussed athletes at rest and exercise Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 36, pp. 1269–1274, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Gall2004a,
title = {Heart rate variability of recently concussed athletes at rest and exercise},
author = {Gall, Brent and Parkhouse, Wade and Goodman, David},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {36},
pages = {1269--1274},
address = {School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the neuroautonomic cardiovascular regulation in recently concussed athletes at rest and in response to low-moderate steady-state exercise, using heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: A 5-min ECG sample was taken at rest from the 14 concussed athletes at 1.8 (+/- 0.2) days postinjury and again at 5 d later. Once asymptomatic at rest, the concussed athletes and their matched controls (N = 14) participated in an exercise protocol. The protocol consisted of a 2-min warm-up with a pedaling frequency between 50 and 60 rpm against a load of 40 W. After the warm-up, the athletes engaged in a low-moderate intensity steady state 10-min exercise bout where the pedaling frequency and load increased to 80-90 rpm and 1.5 W x kg(-1) body weight, respectively. The protocol was repeated 5 d later. A 5-min ECG sample from minutes 4 to 9 of the low-moderate intensity steady state exercise bout was used to assess HRV during exercise. Mixed model ANOVA were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: No difference at rest was detected between the concussed athletes and their matched controls in any of the HRV variables measured. However, across both exercise tests, the concussed group demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean RR interval, and low- and high-frequency power (P \< 0.05) in relation to their matched controls. CONCLUSION: Low-moderate steady-state exercise elicits a neuroautonomic cardiovascular dysfunction in concussed athletes that is not present in a rested state. This dysfunction alludes to an exercise induced uncoupling between the autonomic and cardiovascular systems.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dorovskikh, I V; Shcheglov, A. Yu
Some computational aspects of processing and classification of observations of mental impairments during the acute period of concussion Journal Article
In: Computational Mathematics and Modeling, vol. 15, pp. 19–37, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Dorovskikh2004,
title = {Some computational aspects of processing and classification of observations of mental impairments during the acute period of concussion },
author = {Dorovskikh, I V and Shcheglov, A.Yu},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Computational Mathematics and Modeling},
volume = {15},
pages = {19--37},
abstract = {A number of fast computer procedures are described to find the minimum error vectors for observations of patients with cranial-cerebral traumas of a special type. In this article we describe a procedure that increases the efficiency of the algorithm used in a diagnostic data-processing system for the classification of new incoming information and retrieval of matching cases from an existing database.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ross, S E; Guskiewicz, K M
Time to stabilization: A method for analyzing dynamic postural stability Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 8, pp. 37–39, 2003, ISSN: 1078-7895.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Ross2003,
title = {Time to stabilization: A method for analyzing dynamic postural stability},
author = {Ross, S E and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1078-7895},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {8},
pages = {37--39},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; McStephen, M; Darby, D G
Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment of concussed athletes. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 556–559, 2003.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003c,
title = {Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment of concussed athletes.},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and McStephen, M and Darby, D G},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {556--559},
abstract = {Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment in sports concussion are put forward. Issues critical to ensuring test reliability and sensitivity are discussed, with particular reference to how inappropriate test design can affect clinical decision making.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; McStephen, M; Darby, D
Are reliable change (RC) calculations appropriate for determining the extent of cognitive change in concussed athletes?[see comment]. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 370–372, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003,
title = {Are reliable change (RC) calculations appropriate for determining the extent of cognitive change in concussed athletes?[see comment].},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and McStephen, M and Darby, D},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {370--372},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P
Computerised neuropsychological testing. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 2–3, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003b,
title = {Computerised neuropsychological testing.},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {2--3},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A
Is there a clinical standing balance measurement appropriate for use in sports medicine? A review of the literature Journal Article
In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 6, pp. 492–504, 2003, ISSN: 1440-2440.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Emery2003,
title = {Is there a clinical standing balance measurement appropriate for use in sports medicine? A review of the literature},
author = {Emery, C A},
issn = {1440-2440},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport},
volume = {6},
pages = {492--504},
abstract = {The aims of this review paper are (1) to discuss the relevance of proprioception and standing balance in rehabilitation and prevention of sports injuries, (2) to examine the evidence supporting decreased balance as a risk factor and balance training as a prevention strategy for injury in sport, (3) to review the evidence in the literature supporting the reliability and validity of clinical balance measurements, (4) to examine factors potentially influencing lower extremity balance and (5) to discuss the implications for future research in identifying clinical balance measurement tools appropriate for use in rehabilitation and injury prevention in sports medicine. Laboratory measurement techniques for balance (using costly, highly technical, and often non-portable equipment) are often not appropriate for use in a clinical setting or for research in a large field based clinical trial. Many of the clinical tools for balance measurement are not appropriate for use in the healthy active population, as they are not challenging enough or they are static balance measures. Evidence from original research suggests that static unipedal timed balance is a reliable measurement in both children and adults. There is little evidence to support the reliability and validity of dynamic clinical measurements of balance developed. It is impaired dynamic unipedal balance in sport which may be a significant risk factor for re-injury following rehabilitation or injury in sport. Dynamic standing balance measurement tools appropriate for use in the clinical setting need to be developed and assessed for reliability and validity.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, Kevin M
Assessment of postural stability following sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 2, pp. 24–30, 2003.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2003,
title = {Assessment of postural stability following sport-related concussion},
author = {Guskiewicz, Kevin M},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {2},
pages = {24--30},
address = {Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, 211 Fetzer, CB#8700, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA. gus@email.unc.edu},
abstract = {Despite the increased amount of research being conducted in the area of sport-related concussion, there is still a limited understanding regarding its effect on the injured brain's ability to control motor functions and coordination. This review determines the efficacy of postural stability testing as an adjunct to concussion assessment of athletes. Multiple studies, using both sophisticated force plate technology, as well as those using less sophisticated clinical balance tests, have identified postural stability deficits lasting several days following sport-related concussion. It appears that postural stability testing provides a useful tool for objectively assessing the motor domain of neurologic functioning, and should be considered a reliable and valid adjunct to the assessment of athletes suffering from concussion. Although symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and postural stability are often affected initially following concussion, they are not necessarily related or even affected to the same degree. Each of these should be considered when attempting to make return-to-play decisions following concussion. [References: 48]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Browndyke, Jeffrey N; Albert, Ashlie L; Malone, William; Schatz, Phillip; Paul, Robert H; Cohen, Ronald A; Tucker, Karen A; Gouvier, W Drew.
Computer-related anxiety: examining the impact of technology-specific affect on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure. Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology, vol. 9, pp. 210–218, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Browndyke2002,
title = {Computer-related anxiety: examining the impact of technology-specific affect on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure.},
author = {Browndyke, Jeffrey N and Albert, Ashlie L and Malone, William and Schatz, Phillip and Paul, Robert H and Cohen, Ronald A and Tucker, Karen A and Gouvier, W Drew.},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology},
volume = {9},
pages = {210--218},
abstract = {This study was conducted to examine the effect of impairment status and computer-specific anxiety on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure. Computer related anxiety was measured using a standardized self-report measure tapping anxiety specific to computers and technology. Outcome on this measure was compared with error scores and response timing variables on a computerized version of the Category Test (CT) in both normal individuals and individuals with neurological, psychiatric, or substance abuse histories. Multivariate analysis results, controlling for psychomotor performance, revealed significant main effects for group status and computer-related anxiety. CT performance was significantly related to the level of computer-related anxiety, in that high anxiety resulted in higher CT error scores and longer response times, and the negative impact of computer-related anxiety on computerized neuropsychological assessment performance was stronger in individuals with impairment histories. Our results suggest that as computer-related anxiety increases, performance on computer administered neuropsychological assessment measures tends to decrease. Key words: computers, anxiety, computer-based task performance, clinical neuropsychology, Category Test},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maroon, Joseph C; Field, Mel; Lovell, Mark; Collins, Michael; Bost, Jeffrey
The evaluation of athletes with cerebral concussion Journal Article
In: Clinical Neurosurgery, vol. 49, pp. 319–332, 2002.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Maroon2002,
title = {The evaluation of athletes with cerebral concussion},
author = {Maroon, Joseph C and Field, Mel and Lovell, Mark and Collins, Michael and Bost, Jeffrey},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neurosurgery},
volume = {49},
pages = {319--332},
address = {Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrory, Paul R; Johnston, Karen M
Acute clinical symptoms of concussion: assessing prognostic significance Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 30, pp. 43–47, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrory2002a,
title = {Acute clinical symptoms of concussion: assessing prognostic significance},
author = {McCrory, Paul R and Johnston, Karen M},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {43--47},
address = {Center for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3916, AU. pmccrory@bigpond.com.},
abstract = {The acute symptoms of concussion provide the basis for assessment, classification, and ultimately, management of this common problem in sport. The only concussive symptoms that have been scientifically validated are loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, attentional deficit, and memory loss. Although many symptoms have been anecdotally attributed to concussive injury, their clinical significance is unknown. An evidence-based analysis of concussive symptoms and their prognostic significance can aid physicians who must make management and return-to-play decisions.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comerford, Veronica Eileen; Geffen, Gina Malke; May, Chris; Medland, Sarah Elizabeth; Geffen, Laurence Basil
A rapid screen of the severity of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 24, pp. 409–419, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Comerford2002,
title = {A rapid screen of the severity of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Comerford, Veronica Eileen and Geffen, Gina Malke and May, Chris and Medland, Sarah Elizabeth and Geffen, Laurence Basil},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {24},
pages = {409--419},
address = {Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia. comerf@psy.uq.edu.au},
abstract = {This study investigated the sensitivity of information processing, recall and orientation tasks to the presence of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). Fifty-six (40 male, 16 female) mTBI patients and 85 (57 male and 28 female) controls with orthopaedic injuries were tested within 24 hr of injury in the Department of Emergency Medicine. mTBI patients answered fewer orientation questions and recalled fewer words in delayed recall than orthopaedic patients. mTBI patients judged fewer sentences in 2 min than orthopaedic controls, and female mTBI patients judged fewer sentences than male mTBI patients. Male mTBI patients correctly recalled fewer words during immediate memory and learning than female mTBI patients and orthopaedic controls. Those mTBI patients with a history of previous head injuries did not perform more poorly than those mTBI patients without previous head injuries. These results indicate that tests of speed of information processing, word learning and orientation questions are sensitive to the acute effects of mTBI.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrea, Michael; Kelly, James P; Randolph, Christopher; Cisler, Ron; Berger, Lisa
Immediate neurocognitive effects of concussion Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 50, pp. 1032, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrea2002,
title = {Immediate neurocognitive effects of concussion},
author = {McCrea, Michael and Kelly, James P and Randolph, Christopher and Cisler, Ron and Berger, Lisa},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
pages = {1032},
address = {Neuropsychology Service, Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188, USA. michael.mccrea@phci.org},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To prospectively measure the immediate neurocognitive effects and early course of recovery from concussion and to examine the effects of loss of consciousness (LOC) and posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) on the severity of neurocognitive impairment immediately after concussion. METHODS: A sports-related concussion research model was used to allow prospective immediate evaluation of concussion. A total of 2385 high school and college football players were studied. Ninety-one players (3.8%) sustained concussions during the study. A brief neurocognitive and neurological screening measure, the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, was used to assess cognitive functioning before the football season, immediately after injury, and 15 minutes, 48 hours, and 90 days after injury. RESULTS: Standardized Assessment of Concussion scores immediately after concussion were significantly lower than the preseason baseline score and the noninjured population baseline mean, even for injured subjects without LOC or PTA. Subjects with LOC were most severely impaired immediately after injury, whereas those without LOC or PTA were least impaired. Significant impairment was also detected 15 minutes after injury, but all three groups returned to baseline levels of cognitive functioning within 48 hours. CONCLUSION: These findings are the first to demonstrate not only that a gradient of increasing concussion severity is represented by PTA and LOC but also that measurable neurocognitive abnormalities are evident immediately after injury without PTA or LOC.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R
The relevance of neuropsychologic testing for sports-related head injuries Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 1, pp. 7–11, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Lovell2002a,
title = {The relevance of neuropsychologic testing for sports-related head injuries},
author = {Lovell, Mark R},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {1},
pages = {7--11},
address = {UPMC Sports Medicine, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. mlovell695@aol.com},
abstract = {The utilization of neuropsychologic testing following sports-related concussion has dramatically increased over the past 5 years. The inclusion of neuropsychologic test results in the diagnosis of concussion has resulted in increasing questions into the specific role of these procedures in the return-to-play decision-making process. This article reviews the relevance of neuropsychologic testing for the sports medicine physician.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leclerc, S; Lassonde, M; Delaney, J S; Lacroix, V J; Johnston, K M
Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 31, pp. 629–636, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Leclerc2001,
title = {Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes},
author = {Leclerc, S and Lassonde, M and Delaney, J S and Lacroix, V J and Johnston, K M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {31},
pages = {629--636},
address = {McGill Sport Medicine Clinic, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.},
abstract = {Mild sports-related concussions, in which there is no loss of consciousness, account for \>75% of all sports-related brain injury. Universal agreement on concussion definition and severity grading does not exist. Grading systems represent expertise of clinicians and researchers yet scientific evidence is lacking. Most used loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia as markers for grading concussion. Although in severe head injury these parameters may have been proven important for prognosis, no study has done the same for sport-related concussion. Post-concussion symptoms are often the main features to help in the diagnosis of concussion in sport. Neuropsychological testing is meant to help physicians and health professionals to have objective indices of some of the neurocognitive symptoms. It is the challenge of physicians, therapists and coaches involved in the care of athletes to know the symptoms of concussion, recognise them when they occur and apply basic neuropsychological testing to help detect this injury. It is, therefore, recommended to be familiar with one grading system and use it consistently, even though it may not be scientifically validated. Then good clinical judgement and the ability to recognise post-concussion signs and symptoms will assure that an athlete never returns to play while symptomatic. [References: 64]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Darby, D; Maruff, P
Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 35, pp. 297–302, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2001,
title = {Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury.},
author = {Collie, A and Darby, D and Maruff, P},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {35},
pages = {297--302},
abstract = {Professional and amateur participants in many sports are at risk of brain injury caused by impact with other players or objects. In many cases, mild cognitive deficits may persist after the common neurological signs of brain injury have passed. In recent years, the athlete's cognitive status after concussion has been measured with conventional "paper and pencil" neuropsychological tests. However, such tests are not ideal for sporting settings, as they are designed for the detection of gross cognitive impairments at a single assessment, not for the identification of mild cognitive deficits on repeated assessment. A number of computerised cognitive assessment tests and test batteries have been developed over the past two decades. These batteries offer major scientific and practical advantages over conventional neuropsychological tests which make them ideal for the assessment of cognitive function in sportspeople. This review first describes the problems associated with cognitive assessment of people with sports related cognitive deficits, and then critically examines the utility of conventional neuropsychological and computerised cognitive tests in sporting settings.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, K M
Concussion in sport: The grading-system dilemma Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, pp. 18–27, 2001, ISSN: 1078-7895.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2001,
title = {Concussion in sport: The grading-system dilemma},
author = {Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1078-7895},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {6},
pages = {18--27},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, K M
Postural stability assessment following concussion: one piece of the puzzle Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 182–189, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2001b,
title = {Postural stability assessment following concussion: one piece of the puzzle},
author = {Guskiewicz, K M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {182--189},
address = {Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-8700, USA. gus@email.unc.edu},
abstract = {Clinicians regularly assess concussion according to the symptoms that an athlete manifests at the time of injury, as well as during subsequent evaluations. The subjectivity involved with symptom assessment, however, often leaves the clinician without a clear picture of the athlete's true mental status. Neuropsychologic testing has become very popular in the sports medicine community for assessing the cognitive domain of neurologic functioning, and postural stability testing is gaining credence for assessing the motor domain. The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy of postural stability testing as an adjunct to concussion assessment of athletes. Multiple studies, using both sophisticated force plate technology, as well as those using less sophisticated clinical balance tests, have identified postural stability deficits lasting several days following sport-related concussion. It appears that postural stability testing provides a useful tool for objectively assessing the motor domain of neurologic functioning, and should be considered a reliable and valid adjunct to the assessment of athletes suffering from concussion. Although symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and postural stability are often affected initially following concussion, they are not necessarily related or even affected to the same degree. [References: 40]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrea, M
Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 176–181, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrea2001,
title = {Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion},
author = {McCrea, M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {176--181},
abstract = {Neurocognitive status is often considered the domain of neurologic functioning most sensitive to change following concussion, but the effects are often subtle and difficult to detect on routine clinical examination. Recent efforts have focused on the development of brief, standardized methods of mental status assessment for use by sports medicine clinicians to quantify the acute neurocognitive effects of concussion and objectively track postinjury recovery. Research has demonstrated the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of these measures in detecting concussion in athletes and providing empirical data for consideration in the context of other examination findings, neuropsychologic test data, and neuroimaging results. Standardized measures of mental status and other postconcussive symptoms are valuable tools to assist clinicians in the assessment and management of concussion, but should not be used as a replacement for medical evaluation or viewed as a stand-alone means for determining readiness to return to competition after injury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Echemendia, R J; Putukian, M; Mackin, R S; Julian, L; Shoss, N
Neuropsychological test performance prior to and following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 23–31, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Echemendia2001a,
title = {Neuropsychological test performance prior to and following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Echemendia, R J and Putukian, M and Mackin, R S and Julian, L and Shoss, N},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {23--31},
address = {Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. RJE2@PSU.EDU},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the utility of neuropsychological tests in assessing college athletes prior to and following a sports-related mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). DESIGN: A prospective study of college athletes who sustained mTBI while engaged in sport. Preinjury baseline neuropsychological test data were obtained for athletes at risk for mTBI. Following an mTBI, the athlete and his or her matched noninjured control were evaluated at 2 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, and I month postinjury. SETTING: Male and female athletes from a Division I college. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female athletes from the football, men's ice hockey, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's basketball teams at Penn State University. A total of 29 injured and 20 noninjured athletes participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Neuropsychological test batteries were administered at baseline and serially following mTBI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Trail Making Test, VIGIL/W, List Learning, Digit Span, Penn State Cancellation Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association. RESULTS: Neuropsychological test data yielded significant differences between injured athletes and controls at 2 hours and 48 hours following cerebral concussion; injured athletes performing significantly worse than controls. Injured athletes reported a significantly greater number of postconcussion symptoms 2 hours following injury but not at the 48-hour assessment. No multivariate group differences were found at 1 week, but univariate analyses suggested significant differences on a few measures. At 1 month postinjury, a statistically significant difference was found on one measure with injured athletes marginally outperforming controls. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychological tests are useful in the detection of cognitive impairment following mTBI. The test data appear to be more effective than subjective report of symptoms in differentiating between injured and noninjured athletes at 48 hours postinjury. Although significant individual variability existed, most injured athletes recovered within 1 week of injury. A battery of tests, rather than any single test, is necessary to capture the variability that exists among injured athletes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kabat, M H; Kane, R L; Jefferson, A L; DiPino, R K
Construct validity of selected Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery measures. Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 15, pp. 498–507, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Kabat2001,
title = {Construct validity of selected Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery measures.},
author = {Kabat, M H and Kane, R L and Jefferson, A L and DiPino, R K},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {15},
pages = {498--507},
abstract = {The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is a computerized library of tests designed to assess neurocognitive functioning across administrations (Kane \& Reeves, 1997). This study was designed to examine neuropsychological constructs measured by selected ANAM measures and to compare them with traditional measures putatively assessing similar domains. The sample consisted of 191 outpatients with suspected neurocognitive dysfunction. Correlations and regressions indicated significant relationships between traditional and computerized tests measuring similar constructs. PCA results yielded a three-factor solution: Factor I (Processing Speed/Efficiency), Factor II (Retention/Memory), and Factor III (Working Memory).},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Grindel, S H; Lovell, M R; Collins, M W
The assessment of sport-related concussion: the evidence behind neuropsychological testing and management Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 134–143, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Grindel2001,
title = {The assessment of sport-related concussion: the evidence behind neuropsychological testing and management},
author = {Grindel, S H and Lovell, M R and Collins, M W},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {134--143},
address = {Saint Vincent Sports Medicine Fellowship, Erie, Pennsylvania 16502, USA. sgrindel@svhs.org},
abstract = {Because of the lack of valid evidence to support the current recommendations for the management of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion), many physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes have called into question the way concussions are treated in athletics. This review article discusses the current evidence for the management of concussion in high school, college, and professional sports. A complete review of the epidemiologic and neuropsychological studies to date is presented and critically reviewed, as are other assessment and management tools in concussion. The appropriate use of neuropsychological testing, grading scales, and return-to-play recommendations are discussed in depth based on the current evidence. Additionally, areas requiring further research are identified and future trends are briefly discussed. [References: 75]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maroon, J C; Lovell, M R; Norwig, J; Podell, K; Powell, J W; Hartl, R
Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 47, pp. 659–672, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Maroon2000,
title = {Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing},
author = {Maroon, J C and Lovell, M R and Norwig, J and Podell, K and Powell, J W and Hartl, R},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {47},
pages = {659--672},
address = {Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. maroonjc@msx.upmc.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a topic review of studies related to cerebral concussion in athletes, as an aid to improving decision-making and outcomes. METHODS: We review the literature to provide an historical perspective on the incidence and definition of and the management guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury in sports. In addition, metabolic changes resulting from cerebral concussion and the second-impact syndrome are reviewed, to provide additional principles for decision-making. Neuropsychological testing, as it applies to athletes, is discussed in detail, to delineate baseline assessments, the characteristics of the neuropsychological evaluation, the neuropsychological tests used, and the methods for in-season identification of cerebral concussion. Future directions in the management of concussions are presented. RESULTS: The incidence of cerebral concussions has been reduced from approximately 19 per 100 participants in football per season to approximately 4 per 100, i.e., 40,000 to 50,000 concussions per year in football alone. The most commonly used definitions of concussion are those proposed by Cantu and the American Academy of Neurology. Each has associated management guidelines. Concussion or loss of consciousness occurs when the extracellular potassium concentration increases beyond the upper normal limit of approximately 4 to 5 mmol/L, to levels of 20 to 50 mmol/L, inhibiting the action potential and leading to loss of consciousness. This phenomenon helps to explain the delayed effects of symptoms after trauma. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological testing seems to be an effective way to obtain useful data on the short-term and long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury. Moreover, knowledge of the various definitions and management strategies, as well as the utility of neuropsychological testing, is essential for those involved in decision-making with athletes with mild traumatic brain injuries. [References: 50]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Riemann, B L; Guskiewicz, K M
Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 35, pp. 19–25, 2000, ISSN: 1062-6050.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Riemann2000,
title = {Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing},
author = {Riemann, B L and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1062-6050},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {35},
pages = {19--25},
abstract = {Objective: Although force-platform measures of postural stability provide objective information concerning mild head injury (MHI) resolution, their application has remained limited due to the high costs and impracticality for sideline use. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of a clinical balance testing procedure for the detection of acute postural stability disruptions after MHI. Design and Setting: We used a posttest control group design with repeated measures. Postural stability was tested at 3 postinjury time intervals (days 1, 3, and 5) using 2 procedures in a sports medicine laboratory: 1) a clinical balance battery consisting of 3 stances (double leg, single leg, and tandem) on 2 surfaces (firm and foam), and 2) the Sensory Organization Test using a sophisticated force-platform system. Subjects: Sixteen MHI and 16 matched control subjects participated in this study. Measurements: We measured performance with the Balance Error Scoring System for each of the clinical balance tests and the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master for Sensory Organization Testing. Results: We found significantly higher postural instability in the MHI subjects revealed through the clinical test battery, with the 3 stances on the foam surface eliciting significant differences through day 3 postinjury. Results of the Sensory Organization Test revealed significant group differences on day 1 postinjury. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the Balance Error Scoring System may be a useful clinical procedure to assist clinicians in making return-to-play decisions in athletes with Mi-ii in the absence of force-platform equipment.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rayls, K R; Mittenberg, W; Burns, W J; Theroux, S
Prospective study of the MMPI-2 correction factor after mild head injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 14, pp. 546–550, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Rayls2000,
title = {Prospective study of the MMPI-2 correction factor after mild head injury},
author = {Rayls, K R and Mittenberg, W and Burns, W J and Theroux, S},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {14},
pages = {546--550},
address = {Utah State Hospital, Provo, USA.},
abstract = {Gass (1991) proposed a correction factor composed of 14 MMPI-2 items that were characteristically endorsed by patients with closed-head injury. Their frequency of occurrence suggested that the items reflected the neurological rather than emotional consequences of head injury. The current study was designed to evaluate the interpretive significance of correction factor items after mild head trauma. Patients were examined immediately upon hospitalization and followed prospectively for at least 3 months. Correction factor items were endorsed more frequently during acute hospitalization than in the MMPI-2 standardization sample. At follow-up, none of the items were endorsed more often by patients with chronic mild head injury than by uninjured controls. These results suggest that the correction factor is sensitive to the acute neurological consequences of mild head trauma, but that these symptoms can typically be expected to resolve. Chronic endorsement of the items in this population is therefore most likely related to psychological factors.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, M R; Iverson, G L; Collins, M W; McKeag, D; Maroon, J C
Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion? Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 9, pp. 193–198, 1999.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Lovell1999,
title = {Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion?},
author = {Lovell, M R and Iverson, G L and Collins, M W and McKeag, D and Maroon, J C},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {9},
pages = {193--198},
address = {Division of Neuropsychology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of loss of consciousness (LOC) in predicting neuropsychological test performance in a large sample of patients with head injury. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of neuropsychological test results for patients who suffered traumatic LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC. SETTING: Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PATIENTS: The total number of patients included in this study was 383. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neuropsychological test measures, including the visual reproduction, digit span, and logical memory subtests of the Wechsler memory scale (revised), the Trail Making test, Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Hopkins Verbal Learning test, Controlled Oral Word Association, and the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia test (GOAT). RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC groups for any of the neuropsychological measures used. Patients who had experienced traumatic LOC did not perform more poorly on neuropsychological testing than those with no LOC or uncertain LOC. All three groups demonstrated mildly decreased performance on formal tests of speed of information processing, attentional process, and memory. CONCLUSION: The results of this study cast doubt on the importance of LOC as a predictor of neuropsychological test performance during the acute phase of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological testing procedures have been shown to be sensitive in measuring cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) in athletes. The failure of this study to find any relationship between LOC and neuropsychological functioning in a large sample of patients with mild head trauma calls into question the assignment of primary importance to LOC in grading severity of concussion. This study also does not provide support for the use of guidelines that rely heavily on LOC in making return-to-play decisions. Continued research is necessary to determine the relative importance of markers of concussion in athletes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bleiberg, J; Halpern, E L; Reeves, D; Daniel, J C
Future directions for the neuropsychological assessment of sports concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 13, pp. 36–44, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bleiberg1998,
title = {Future directions for the neuropsychological assessment of sports concussion},
author = {Bleiberg, J and Halpern, E L and Reeves, D and Daniel, J C},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {13},
pages = {36--44},
address = {Assistive Technology Center, Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Washington, DC, USA.},
abstract = {This article argues in favor of using newly developed computerized, complex reaction time (RT)-based neuropsychological procedures for the study of sports-related concussion. Recent studies show that by using these complex RT procedures, significant differences between concussed and control samples can be observed. The magnitude of RT differences is 110 ms or less, levels that are not meaningfully measured with stopwatch-based procedures. RT-based procedures also have the advantage of permitting analysis of variability of RT, and several recent studies have shown that brain dysfunction is accompanied by erratic and inconsistent RT. A currently ongoing sports concussion study using measures of complex RT and variability of RT is described. [References: 19]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bohnen, N; Twijnstra, A; Kroeze, J; Jolles, J
A psychophysical method for assessing visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia in patients with mild head injury Journal Article
In: British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, pp. 860–863, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bohnen1991,
title = {A psychophysical method for assessing visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia in patients with mild head injury},
author = {Bohnen, N and Twijnstra, A and Kroeze, J and Jolles, J},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
volume = {159},
pages = {860--863},
address = {Department of Neuropsychology \& Psychobiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.},
abstract = {Although it is well known that patients with mild head injury (MHI) are less able to endure intense light and sound stimuli than normal people, there are few psychophysical studies that have objectively measured this type of hyperaesthesia. In the present study, using a computerised rating scale technique, both the maximal and submaximal levels of reduced tolerance to light and sound were assessed for a wide range of stimuli. Three to six days after the trauma, 40 MHI patients were significantly less tolerant to stimuli of intensities over 71 dB and 500 lux levels than controls. These intensities are common, and MHI patients may suffer as a consequence.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leininger, B E; Gramling, S E; Farrell, A D; Kreutzer, J S; Peck 3rd, E A
Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 53, pp. 293–296, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Leininger1990,
title = {Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion},
author = {Leininger, B E and Gramling, S E and Farrell, A D and Kreutzer, J S and {Peck 3rd}, E A},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry},
volume = {53},
pages = {293--296},
address = {Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond 23284.},
abstract = {Recent studies have concluded that most individuals who sustain minor head injury are free of persistent neuropsychological dysfunction. Nevertheless, a subgroup of patients experience continuing post-concussive difficulties and neuropsychological deficits. This study examined 53 symptomatic minor head injury patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation between one and 22 months after injury. These individuals performed significantly poorer than uninjured controls on four of eight neuropsychological tests. Patients who lost consciousness during injury obtained test scores similar to persons who experienced disorientation or confusion but no loss of consciousness. The results indicate that minor head injury patients who report post-concussive symptoms possess measurable neuropsychological deficits and the severity of these deficits is independent of neurological status immediately following injury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hugenholtz, H; Richard, M T
On-site management of athletes with head injuries Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 71, 1983, ISBN: 00913847.
BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *HEAD, *HEMODYNAMICS, *PERIODIC health examinations, *RESPIRATION, *THERAPEUTICS, *WOUNDS & injuries, Assessment & Testing, Treatment & Rehabilitation
@article{Hugenholtz1983,
title = {On-site management of athletes with head injuries},
author = {Hugenholtz, H and Richard, M T},
isbn = {00913847},
year = {1983},
date = {1983-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {71},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *HEAD, *HEMODYNAMICS, *PERIODIC health examinations, *RESPIRATION, *THERAPEUTICS, *WOUNDS \& injuries, Assessment \& Testing, Treatment \& Rehabilitation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Scharf, R
When is a head injury concussion? Journal Article
In: Canadian Family Physician, vol. 26, pp. 948–951, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Scharf1980,
title = {When is a head injury concussion?},
author = {Scharf, R},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
volume = {26},
pages = {948--951},
abstract = {The patient with concussion is one who, with or without brief unconsciousness, has recovered to nearly normal in a limited time. Just which patients are apt to do this is a process of exclusion. This article is a mixture of what to look for, what to do and what findings rule out simple concussion. While repeated observation of level of consciousness, airway control and careful assessment of vital signs usually rule out serious injury, we must be on our toes to avoid serious mistakes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, Michael; Comper, Paul; Mainwaring, Lynda; Richards, Doug
The influence of musculoskeletal injury on cognition: implications for concussion research Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 2331–2337, 2011.
@article{Hutchison2011,
title = {The influence of musculoskeletal injury on cognition: implications for concussion research},
author = {Hutchison, Michael and Comper, Paul and Mainwaring, Lynda and Richards, Doug},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {39},
pages = {2331--2337},
address = {Michael Hutchison, Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. michael.hutchison@utoronto.ca.},
abstract = {Background: Safe return-to-play decisions after concussion can be challenging for sports medicine specialists. Neuropsychological testing is recommended to objectively measure concussion-related cognitive impairments. Purpose: The objective of this study was to measure cognitive functioning among 3 specific athletic groups: (1) athletes with no injuries (n = 36), (2) athletes with musculoskeletal injuries (n = 18), and (3) athletes with concussion (n = 18). Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventy-two intercollegiate athletes completed preseason baseline cognitive testing and follow-up assessment using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) test battery. Injured athletes were tested within 72 hours of injury. A 1-way analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline scores was performed to determine if differences existed in cognitive test scores among the 3 groups. Results: A group of athletes with concussion performed significantly worse than a group of athletes with no injuries on the following subtests of the ANAM at follow-up: Code Substitution Learning, Match to Sample, and Simple Reaction. Athletes with musculoskeletal injuries performed significantly worse than those with no injury on the Match to Sample subtest. No significant differences between athletes with concussion and athletes with musculoskeletal injuries were found on all ANAM subtests. Conclusion: Concussion produces cognitive impairment in the acute recovery period. Interestingly, athletes with musculoskeletal injuries also display a degree of cognitive impairment as measured by computerized tests. Clinical Relevance: Although these findings support previous research that neuropsychological tests can effectively measure concussion-related cognitive impairment, this study provides evidence that athletic injury, in general, also may produce a degree of cognitive disruption. Therefore, a narrow interpretation of scores of neuropsychological tests in a sports concussion context should be avoided.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnson, Eric W; Kegel, Nathan E; Collins, Michael W
Neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 73–88, 2011.
@article{Johnson2011c,
title = {Neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion},
author = {Johnson, Eric W and Kegel, Nathan E and Collins, Michael W},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {73--88},
address = {Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. johnsonew@upmc.edu},
abstract = {Assessment of concussion can be challenging for medical practitioners given the different factors associated with each individual injury. The use of neuropsychological testing provides an objective method in the evaluation and management of concussion. Over the last 20 years it has become increasingly useful in the realm of sports concussion and has been deemed a cornerstone of concussion management by the Concussion in Sport group at the International Symposia on Concussion in Sport. Neuropsychological assessment has evolved to using computer-based neurocognitive testing, which has become increasingly common over the last decade, especially in organized sports. Neuropsychological assessment has also proven to be effective in the detection of differences based on several individual factors, including age, gender, and history of prior concussion. Despite its documented value, neuropsychological assessment should be one of several tools used as part of the concussion assessment/management process.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Reider, B
Autumn fog Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2293–2295, 2011, ISBN: 0363-5465.
@article{Reider2011,
title = {Autumn fog},
author = {Reider, B},
doi = {10.1177/0363546511427693},
isbn = {0363-5465},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {39},
number = {11},
pages = {2293--2295},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, Kevin M; Broglio, Steven P
Sport-related concussion: on-field and sideline assessment Journal Article
In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 22, pp. 603–617, 2011.
@article{Guskiewicz2011e,
title = {Sport-related concussion: on-field and sideline assessment},
author = {Guskiewicz, Kevin M and Broglio, Steven P},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation Clinics of North America},
volume = {22},
pages = {603--617},
address = {Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB#8700, South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA.},
abstract = {The careful and well-planned sideline assessment of concussion can be the difference between a good and bad outcome when managing sport-related concussion. In most cases, the sideline assessment serves as a triage for determining if an injury, such as a concussion, has actually occurred, and if so, establishes a benchmark for determining whether a more serious and potentially catastrophic condition could be developing. Concussions can evolve into something more serious if signs and symptoms go undetected or are ignored. Although these are very rare events, they must always be at the forefront of the clinician's mind.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Piecora, K; Marcinak, J; Al-Khalil, K; Mroczek, N; Schuster, D; Snyder, A
Fatigue effects on baseline concussion testing Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 26, pp. 520, 2011, ISSN: 0887-6177.
@article{Piecora2011,
title = {Fatigue effects on baseline concussion testing},
author = {Piecora, K and Marcinak, J and Al-Khalil, K and Mroczek, N and Schuster, D and Snyder, A},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {26},
pages = {520},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
De Monte, Veronica Eileen; Geffen, Gina Malke; May, Christopher Randall; McFarland, Ken
Improved sensitivity of the rapid screen of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 32, pp. 28–37, 2010.
@article{DeMonte2010,
title = {Improved sensitivity of the rapid screen of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {{De Monte}, Veronica Eileen and Geffen, Gina Malke and May, Christopher Randall and McFarland, Ken},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {32},
pages = {28--37},
address = {a Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.},
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in an emergency department sample. A total of 246 (186 male, 60 female) cases of mTBI and 102 (65 male and 37 female) cases of orthopedic injuries were tested within 24 hours of injury. Mild TBI patients performed more poorly on all subtests of the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC) and completed fewer symbols on Digit Symbol than did orthopedic controls. RSC scores predicted group membership better than chance, and Digit Symbol scores contributed significantly to predicting group membership over and above the contribution of the RSC, resulting in 70.4% sensitivity and 74% specificity for the extended protocol. The results of this study indicate that learning and memory, orientation, and speed of information processing are impaired immediately following mTBI. Furthermore, a brief battery of tests that include word recall, orientation, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test could assess the severity of dysfunction following mTBI, and assist in clinical decision making regarding discharge, return to routine activities, and management of the effects of injury.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maerlender, A; Flashman, L; Kessler, A; Kumbhani, S; Greenwald, R; Tosteson, T; McAllister, T
Examination of the construct validity of ImPACT computerized test, traditional, and experimental neuropsychological measures Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 24, pp. 1309–1325, 2010.
@article{Maerlender2010,
title = {Examination of the construct validity of ImPACT computerized test, traditional, and experimental neuropsychological measures},
author = {Maerlender, A and Flashman, L and Kessler, A and Kumbhani, S and Greenwald, R and Tosteson, T and McAllister, T},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {24},
pages = {1309--1325},
address = {Dept. of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. maerlender@dartmouth.edu},
abstract = {Although computerized neuropsychological screening is becoming a standard for sports concussion identification and management, convergent validity studies are limited. Such studies are important for several reasons: reference to established measures is needed to establish validity; examination of the computerized battery relative to a more traditional comprehensive battery will help understand the strengths and limitations of the computer battery; and such an examination will help inform the output of the computerized battery. We compared scores on the ImPACT battery to a comprehensive battery of traditional neuropsychological measures and several experimental measures used in the assessment of sports-related concussion in 54 healthy male athletes. Convergent validity was demonstrated for four of the five ImPACT domain scores. Two cognitive domains often compromised as a result of mild TBI were not directly identified by the ImPACT battery: sustained attention and auditory working memory. Affective symptoms correlated with performance on measures of attention and working memory. In this healthy sample the correlations between the domains covered by ImPACT and the neuropsychological battery supports ImPACT as a useful screening tool for assessing many of the cognitive factors related to mTBI. However, the data suggest other sources of data need to be considered when identifying and managing concussions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Locklin, Jason; Bunn, Lindsay; Roy, Eric; Danckert, James
Measuring deficits in visually guided action post-concussion Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 40, pp. 183–187, 2010.
@article{Locklin2010,
title = {Measuring deficits in visually guided action post-concussion},
author = {Locklin, Jason and Bunn, Lindsay and Roy, Eric and Danckert, James},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {40},
pages = {183--187},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.},
abstract = {Recent concussion research has led to the development of computerized test batteries designed to measure working memory and psychomotor speed deficits in acute stage post-concussion. These tests lack a measure of motor control deficits, which may linger well after other symptoms have remitted. For athletes, this may mean returning to play while still uncoordinated or neurologically fragile. The present research involved the development of a visuomotor pointing task designed to induce a speed-accuracy trade off to measure motor planning and execution performance in concussed athletes. Data collected using this tool were contrasted with CogSport, a commercially available computerized test battery designed to assess residual cognitive effects of concussion in athletes. Results suggest that a motor task may be able to detect long-term effects of concussion not measurable with CogSport. If future research can confirm these findings, we suggest that a measure of motor control may need to be added to existing batteries to improve their sensitivity to long term effects.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Norrie, Joan; Heitger, Marcus; Leathem, Janet; Anderson, Tim; Jones, Richard; Flett, Ross
Mild traumatic brain injury and fatigue: a prospective longitudinal study Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 24, pp. 1528–1538, 2010.
@article{Norrie2010,
title = {Mild traumatic brain injury and fatigue: a prospective longitudinal study},
author = {Norrie, Joan and Heitger, Marcus and Leathem, Janet and Anderson, Tim and Jones, Richard and Flett, Ross},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {24},
pages = {1528--1538},
address = {Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. j.m.norrie@massey.ac.},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine fatigue prevalence, severity, predictors and co-variates over 6 months post-mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective study including 263 adults with MTBI. PROCEDURES: Participants completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey-Version 2 (SF-36v2). Complete data were available for 159 participants. Key measures; prevalence--RPSQ Item 6: severity--FSS. The effect of time on fatigue prevalence and severity was examined using ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis identified statistically significant covariates. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Post-MTBI fatigue prevalence was 68%, 38% and 34% at 1 week, 3 and 6 months, respectively. There was a strong effect for time over the first 3 months and moderate-to-high correlations between fatigue prevalence and severity. Early fatigue strongly predicted later fatigue; depression, but not anxiety was a predictor. Fatigue was seen as laziness by family or friends in 30% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Post-MTBI fatigue is a persistent post-concussion symptom, exacerbated by depression but not anxiety. It diminishes in the first 3 months and then becomes relatively stable, suggesting the optimum intervention placement is at 3 months or more post-MTBI.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Alla, S; Sullivan, S J; Hale, L; McCrory, P
Self-report scales/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms: a systematic review Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 43 Suppl 1, pp. i3–12, 2009.
@article{Alla2009,
title = {Self-report scales/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms: a systematic review},
author = {Alla, S and Sullivan, S J and Hale, L and McCrory, P},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {43 Suppl 1},
pages = {i3--12},
address = {Centre for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify self-reported sport concussion symptom scales and to describe the psychometric properties of these identified scales. DESIGN: Systematic review. INTERVENTION: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Sport Discus, PsycINFO and AMED were searched from their establishment until December 2008. The medical subject heading terms "brain concussion", "signs or symptoms" and "athletic injuries". The search was limited to articles published in English. An additional search of the reference lists of the retrieved articles was conducted. Only full-text articles were considered for this study and these were retrieved to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 421 articles, which were reduced to 290 articles after removing duplicates. The hand search resulted in 17 articles, thus giving a total of 307 articles. Full text was available for 295 articles of which 60 met the criteria for inclusion. The excluded 235 articles were case reports, reviews and guidelines on concussion management or studies that had not used a symptom scale or checklist. CONCLUSIONS: Six core scales were identified with a broad range of symptom items but with limited information on their psychometric properties. There were numerous derivative scales reported, most of which have not been methodically developed or subjected to scientific scrutiny. Despite this, they do make a contribution to the detection, assessment and return to play decisions but there is a need for the clinical user to be aware that many of these scales have "evolved" rather than being scientifically developed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, Robert J; Stiller-Ostrowski, Jennifer L; Kontos, Anthony P
Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) practices of sports medicine professionals Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 44, pp. 639–644, 2009.
@article{Covassin2009a,
title = {Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) practices of sports medicine professionals},
author = {Covassin, Tracey and Elbin, Robert J and Stiller-Ostrowski, Jennifer L and Kontos, Anthony P},
doi = {doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.639},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {44},
pages = {639--644},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrory, Paul
Sport concussion assessment tool 2 Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 19, pp. 452, 2009.
@article{McCrory2009d,
title = {Sport concussion assessment tool 2},
author = {McCrory, Paul},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {19},
pages = {452},
address = {University of Melbourne, Australia. paulmccr@bigpond.net.au},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Green, P; Flaro, L; Courtney, J
Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 23, pp. 741–750, 2009.
@article{Green2009,
title = {Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Green, P and Flaro, L and Courtney, J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {23},
pages = {741--750},
address = {paulgreen@shaw.ca},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Many adults with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) fail effort tests, indicating poor effort and invalid test results. However, two studies have suggested a high rate of false positives on the Word Memory Test (WMT) in adults with MTBI. This study examines the question of false positives in adults with MTBI who failed the effort subtests of the WMT. RESEARCH DESIGN: A modified and shortened version of the WMT, the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) was given to adults with MTBI, some of whom failed the WMT. It was also given to samples of schoolchildren in grades two and above, to several hundred children with developmental disabilities and to healthy adults. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Failures on the MSVT were far more frequent in adults with MTBI than in second grade children or in children with developmental disabilities. Adults with MTBI who failed the WMT scored much lower on the MSVT effort subtests than children with a mean FSIQ of 63 and much lower than children with impaired memory. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison with developmentally disabled children on the MSVT suggests that the adults with MTBI who failed the WMT were not making an effort to do well on either the WMT or the MSVT. Their results were invalid. False positives on the WMT in adults with mild TBI are very rare.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ruppert, P D; Gfeller, J D; Hughes, H M; Ross, M J
Investigating the validity of computerized concussion assessment batteries: Comparing the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Sports Medicine Battery (ASMB) with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 23, pp. 69, 2009, ISSN: 1385-4046.
@article{Ruppert2009,
title = {Investigating the validity of computerized concussion assessment batteries: Comparing the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Sports Medicine Battery (ASMB) with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)},
author = {Ruppert, P D and Gfeller, J D and Hughes, H M and Ross, M J},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {23},
pages = {69},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Broglio, Steven P; Zhu, Weimo; Sopiarz, Kay; Park, Youngsik
Generalizability theory analysis of balance error scoring system reliability in healthy young adults Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 44, pp. 497–502, 2009.
@article{Broglio2009b,
title = {Generalizability theory analysis of balance error scoring system reliability in healthy young adults},
author = {Broglio, Steven P and Zhu, Weimo and Sopiarz, Kay and Park, Youngsik},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {44},
pages = {497--502},
address = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. broglio@illinois.edu},
abstract = {CONTEXT: An assessment of postural control is commonly included in the clinical concussion evaluation. Previous investigators have demonstrated learning effects that may mask concussion-induced balance decrements. OBJECTIVE: To establish the test-retest reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and to provide recommendations that account for known learning effects. DESIGN: Test-retest generalizability study. SETTING: Balance research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Young adults (n = 48) free from injuries and illnesses known to affect balance. INTERVENTION(S): Each participant completed 5 BESS trials on each of the assessment dates, which were separated by 50 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Total score of the BESS was used in a generalizability theory analysis to estimate the overall reliability of the BESS and that of each facet. A decision study was completed to estimate the number of days and trials needed to establish clinical reliability. RESULTS: The overall reliability of the BESS was G = 0.64. The test-retest reliability was improved when male (0.92) and female (0.91) participants were examined independently. Clinically acceptable reliability (greater than 0.80) was established when 3 BESS trials were administered in a single day or 2 trials were administered at different time points. CONCLUSIONS: Learning effects have been noted in individuals with no previous exposure to the BESS. Our findings indicate that clinicians should consider interpreting the mean score from 3 BESS administrations on a given occasion for both normative data comparison and pretest and posttest design. The multiple assessment technique yields clinically reliable scores and provides the sports medicine practitioner with accurate data for clinical decision making.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLeod, Tamara C V
The value of various assessment techniques in detecting the effects of concussion on cognition, symptoms, and postural control Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 44, pp. 663–665, 2009.
@article{McLeod2009a,
title = {The value of various assessment techniques in detecting the effects of concussion on cognition, symptoms, and postural control},
author = {McLeod, Tamara C V},
doi = {doi:10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.663},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {44},
pages = {663--665},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zottoli, T M; Barr, W B; Regan, A
Screening for malingering using the Standard Assessment of Concussion Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 22, pp. 749, 2008, ISSN: 1385-4046.
@article{Zottoli2008,
title = {Screening for malingering using the Standard Assessment of Concussion},
author = {Zottoli, T M and Barr, W B and Regan, A},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {22},
pages = {749},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Boutin, David; Lassonde, Maryse; Robert, Manon; Vanassing, Phetsamone; Ellemberg, Dave
Neurophysiological assessment prior to and following sports-related concussion during childhood: a case study Journal Article
In: Neurocase, vol. 14, pp. 239–248, 2008.
@article{Boutin2008,
title = {Neurophysiological assessment prior to and following sports-related concussion during childhood: a case study},
author = {Boutin, David and Lassonde, Maryse and Robert, Manon and Vanassing, Phetsamone and Ellemberg, Dave},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Neurocase},
volume = {14},
pages = {239--248},
address = {Department of Psychology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.},
abstract = {The goal of this study was to measure the neurophysiological and cognitive functions of a sport-concussed child and to longitudinally assess the recovery pattern. An 8-year-old girl suffered a concussion while playing soccer. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded at 7 weeks pre-injury and 24 h, 7, 22, 32 and 55 weeks post-injury. A neuropsychological assessment performed at 24 h post-injury reveals cognitive impairments, mainly attentional, that resolved within 22 weeks. VEPs and spectral analyses confirm the presence of cortical impairments up to 1 year post-injury, especially affecting vigilance and attention, which were reflected in school performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parker, T M; Osternig, L R; van Donkelaar, P; Chou, L S
Balance control during gait in athletes and non-athletes following concussion Journal Article
In: Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 30, pp. 959–967, 2008.
@article{Parker2008,
title = {Balance control during gait in athletes and non-athletes following concussion},
author = {Parker, T M and Osternig, L R and van Donkelaar, P and Chou, L S},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medical Engineering \& Physics},
volume = {30},
pages = {959--967},
abstract = {Current literature provides only limited information regarding performance on dynamic motor tasks following concussion. However, recent investigations have suggested that participation in contact sports may have a negative effect on cognitive function without the existence of a medically diagnosed concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine balance control during gait in concussed and uninjured athletes and non-athletes. Twenty-eight Grade 2 concussed individuals (14 athletes and 14 non-athletes) and 28 uninjured matched controls (14 athletes and 14 non-athletes) were assessed for their gait performance within 48 h, 5, 14, and 28 days post-injury under conditions of divided and undivided attention. Athletes, whether concussed or not, walked slower and swayed more and faster than non-athletes. Athletes consistently demonstrated gait imbalance even in the absence of concussion. The findings of this study support the supposition that participation in high-impact sports has a measurable and possibly detrimental effect on balance control in the absence of a medically diagnosed concussion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, W D
Virtual-reality test reveals hidden concussion damage [update] Journal Article
In: IEEE Spectrum, vol. 45, pp. 14, 2008, ISSN: 0018-9235.
@article{Jones2008,
title = {Virtual-reality test reveals hidden concussion damage [update]},
author = {Jones, W D},
issn = {0018-9235},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Spectrum},
volume = {45},
pages = {14},
abstract = {Autumn is upon us, and in the United States, so is football season. The players, who deliver jarring hits to one another that often equal the force of car wrecks, are lionized for the ability to, in the words of an old watch commercial, \^{A}¿take a licking and keep on ticking.\^{A}¿ But concussions are not uncommon, and new research shows that even when players are symptom-free and have passed a battery of cognitive-function tests, their brains may not have completely recovered and may still be vulnerable to further injury.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collins, M; Maroon, J C; Valadka, A B; Bailes, J E; Bleiberg, J
Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery - Comments Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 60, pp. 1057–1058, 2007, ISSN: 0148-396X.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collins2007,
title = {Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery - Comments},
author = {Collins, M and Maroon, J C and Valadka, A B and Bailes, J E and Bleiberg, J},
issn = {0148-396X},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {60},
pages = {1057--1058},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parker, Tonya M; Osternig, Louis R; van Donkelaar, Paul; Chou, Li-Shan
Recovery of cognitive and dynamic motor function following concussion Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 41, pp. 868–73; discussion 873, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Parker2007,
title = {Recovery of cognitive and dynamic motor function following concussion},
author = {Parker, Tonya M and Osternig, Louis R and van Donkelaar, Paul and Chou, Li-Shan},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {41},
pages = {868--73; discussion 873},
address = {Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological testing has been advocated as an important tool of proper post-concussion management. Although these measures provide information that can be used in the decision of when to return an individual to previous levels of physical activity, they provide little data on motor performance following injury. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between measures of dynamic motor performance and neuropsychological function following concussion over the course of 28 days. METHODS: Participants completed two experimental protocols: gait stability and neuropsychological testing. The gait stability protocol measured whole-body centre of mass motion as subjects walked under conditions of divided and undivided attention. Neuropsychological testing consisted of a computerised battery of tests designed to assess memory, reaction time, processing speed and concussion symptoms. Correlation coefficients were computed between all neuropsychological and gait variables and comparisons of neuropsychological and gait stability post-concussion recovery curves were assessed. RESULTS: Dynamic motor tasks, such as walking under varying conditions of attention, are complex and demanding undertakings, which require a longer recovery time following a concussion than cognitive measures. Little statistical relationship was found between the neuropsychological and gait variables, and the recovery curves of neuropsychological and gait domains were observed to be independent. CONCLUSIONS: In order to fully examine the effects of concussion and determine the optimal time for a safe return to activity, a multi-factorial approach, including both cognitive and motor tasks, should be employed.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Halterman, Charlene I; Langan, Jeanne; Drew, Anthony; Rodriguez, Erika; Osternig, Louis R; Chou, Li-Shan; van Donkelaar, Paul
Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Brain, vol. 129, pp. 747–753, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Halterman2006,
title = {Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Halterman, Charlene I and Langan, Jeanne and Drew, Anthony and Rodriguez, Erika and Osternig, Louis R and Chou, Li-Shan and van Donkelaar, Paul},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {129},
pages = {747--753},
address = {Department of Human Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.},
abstract = {The goal of the current investigation was to probe the deficits in the alerting, orienting and executive components of visuospatial attention in individuals who have recently suffered a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to assess the rate and degree of recovery for each of these components over a month post-injury. A group design was employed to assess and compare the performance of participants (12 males, 8 females; mean age: 21 +/- 1.74 years) identified with mTBI relative to control subjects matched for gender, age, height, weight and activity level. Participants performed the attentional network test, designed to isolate the constituents of attention into alerting, orienting and executive components. Reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy were the main dependent variables. The results showed that the orienting and executive components were significantly affected by mTBI immediately after the injury, whereas the alerting component was not. Furthermore, participants with mTBI recovered from the deficits in the orienting component of attention within a week of their injury, whereas the deficits in the executive component remained throughout the month post-injury. In addition, the RT cost to generate accurate compared with inaccurate responses was significantly larger in participants with mTBI than in controls, and this difference was maintained throughout the 1 month testing period. These findings indicate that the regions of the brain associated with the orienting and executive components of visuospatial attention may be most susceptible to neural damage resulting from mTBI. Moreover, the lack of recovery in the executive component indicates that the degree and time course for recovery may be regionally specific.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bailes, J E; Guskiewicz, K M
Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury - Comments Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 59, pp. 139, 2006, ISSN: 0148-396X.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bailes2006,
title = {Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury - Comments},
author = {Bailes, J E and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {0148-396X},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {59},
pages = {139},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Johnston, Karen M
SCAT in the wilderness Journal Article
In: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, vol. 17, pp. 73–74, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Johnston2006a,
title = {SCAT in the wilderness},
author = {Johnston, Karen M},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Wilderness \& Environmental Medicine},
volume = {17},
pages = {73--74},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Slobounov, Semyon; Tutwiler, Rick; Sebastianelli, Wayne; Slobounov, Elena
Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 59, pp. 134–139, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Slobounov2006,
title = {Alteration of postural responses to visual field motion in mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Slobounov, Semyon and Tutwiler, Rick and Sebastianelli, Wayne and Slobounov, Elena},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {59},
pages = {134--139},
address = {Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. sms18@psu.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Balance deficits in individuals experiencing mild traumatic brain injury have been documented in numerous recent studies. However, long-lasting balance deficits and specific mechanisms causing these deficits have not been systematically examined. This article aimed to present empirical evidence showing destabilizing effects of visual field motion in concussed individuals up to 30 days postinjury. METHODS: Sixty student athletes participated in the pilot (n = 12) and major experiments (n = 48) before injury. Eight of these 48 subjects who experienced mild traumatic brain injury in athletic events were tested again on Days 3, 10, and 30 after the incident. Postural responses to visual field motion were recorded using a virtual reality environment in conjunction with balance (AMTI force plate) and motion tracking (Flock of Birds) technologies. RESULTS: The area of the center of pressure during upright stance did not change from Day 3 to 30 postinjury with respect to pre-injury status (P \> .05). However, balance deficits induced by visual field motion were present up to 30 days postinjury. Destabilizing effect of visual field motion was observed via significant increase of the center of pressure data (P \< .05) and reduced coherence value. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the presence of residual sensory integration dysfunction in concussed individuals at least 30 days postinjury and may indicate a lower threshold for brain reinjury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ragan, Brian G; Kang, Minsoo
Measurement issues in concussion testing Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 12, pp. 2–6, 2005.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Ragan2005,
title = {Measurement issues in concussion testing },
author = {Ragan, Brian G and Kang, Minsoo},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {12},
pages = {2--6},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sandhana, Lakshmi
VR headset can spot concussion in minutes Journal Article
In: New Scientist, vol. 186, pp. 25, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Sandhana2005,
title = {VR headset can spot concussion in minutes},
author = {Sandhana, Lakshmi},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {New Scientist},
volume = {186},
pages = {25},
abstract = {The article focuses on a virtual-reality headset which is being developed to diagnose the extent of a head injury within minutes. Non-medical personnel will use it to quickly gauge the extent of brain damage and the system works in noisy emergency rooms, on the battlefield or at the side of a sports field. The system puts the wearer through an array of neuropsychological tests designed to pick up reduced reaction times and deficits in working memory, conditions that would indicate injuries to different parts of the brain. By measuring reactions times in a battery of tests, the system is designed to detect even mild cognitive deficits associated with concussion or early dementia.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Macher, R B; Arnett, P A; Echemendia, R J
Computerized versus clinical testing: examining validity of cognitive assessment in sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 20, pp. 839, 2005, ISSN: 0887-6177.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Macher2005,
title = {Computerized versus clinical testing: examining validity of cognitive assessment in sports-related concussion},
author = {Macher, R B and Arnett, P A and Echemendia, R J},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {20},
pages = {839},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrory, Paul
Preparticipation assessment for head injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 139–144, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrory2004b,
title = {Preparticipation assessment for head injury},
author = {McCrory, Paul},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {139--144},
address = {Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine and The Brain Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the evidence base for recommendations regarding the pre-participation screening for head injury. DATA SOURCES: The relevant literature was searched through the use of Medline (1966 to 2004), Google and Sport Discus (1975 to 2004) searches, hand searches of journals and reference lists and discussions with experts and sporting organisations worldwide. DATA SYNTHESIS/METHODS: Consensus recommendations are summarized. No formal statistical analysis is presented RESULTS: Although pre-participation examinations are widely performed, there are no evidence-based guidelines to direct physicians as to the minimum requirements for the baseline assessment of head injury. CONCLUSIONS: Expert consensus would suggest that a baseline neuropsychological examination, preferably using a computerised test battery, should be performed in order to guide return to play following subsequent concussive injuries. In addition, there are important medicolegal considerations in regard to the value of a documented assessment both at the start and end of an athlete's career with any team. [References: 19]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; Makdissi, M; McStephen, M; Darby, D G; McCrory, P
Statistical procedures for determining the extent of cognitive change following concussion Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 273–278, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2004,
title = {Statistical procedures for determining the extent of cognitive change following concussion},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and Makdissi, M and McStephen, M and Darby, D G and McCrory, P},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {273--278},
abstract = {Neuropsychological (NP) testing is now often used to help to determine if the cognitive function of a concussed athlete has declined. The NP test score after concussion is compared with the baseline test score. Many clinicians simply subtract one from the other and make a clinical decision about the significance or otherwise of the resulting "difference score". Such techniques are inadequate, as they fail to account for the many factors that may confound interpretation of serially acquired cognitive test scores. This is a review of a number of alternative approaches used in other areas of medicine for differentiating "true" changes from changes caused by these confounding factors. A case example is used to illustrate the effect that the statistical approach may have on clinical decision making.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gall, Brent; Parkhouse, Wade; Goodman, David
Heart rate variability of recently concussed athletes at rest and exercise Journal Article
In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 36, pp. 1269–1274, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Gall2004a,
title = {Heart rate variability of recently concussed athletes at rest and exercise},
author = {Gall, Brent and Parkhouse, Wade and Goodman, David},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
volume = {36},
pages = {1269--1274},
address = {School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the neuroautonomic cardiovascular regulation in recently concussed athletes at rest and in response to low-moderate steady-state exercise, using heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: A 5-min ECG sample was taken at rest from the 14 concussed athletes at 1.8 (+/- 0.2) days postinjury and again at 5 d later. Once asymptomatic at rest, the concussed athletes and their matched controls (N = 14) participated in an exercise protocol. The protocol consisted of a 2-min warm-up with a pedaling frequency between 50 and 60 rpm against a load of 40 W. After the warm-up, the athletes engaged in a low-moderate intensity steady state 10-min exercise bout where the pedaling frequency and load increased to 80-90 rpm and 1.5 W x kg(-1) body weight, respectively. The protocol was repeated 5 d later. A 5-min ECG sample from minutes 4 to 9 of the low-moderate intensity steady state exercise bout was used to assess HRV during exercise. Mixed model ANOVA were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: No difference at rest was detected between the concussed athletes and their matched controls in any of the HRV variables measured. However, across both exercise tests, the concussed group demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean RR interval, and low- and high-frequency power (P \< 0.05) in relation to their matched controls. CONCLUSION: Low-moderate steady-state exercise elicits a neuroautonomic cardiovascular dysfunction in concussed athletes that is not present in a rested state. This dysfunction alludes to an exercise induced uncoupling between the autonomic and cardiovascular systems.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dorovskikh, I V; Shcheglov, A. Yu
Some computational aspects of processing and classification of observations of mental impairments during the acute period of concussion Journal Article
In: Computational Mathematics and Modeling, vol. 15, pp. 19–37, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Dorovskikh2004,
title = {Some computational aspects of processing and classification of observations of mental impairments during the acute period of concussion },
author = {Dorovskikh, I V and Shcheglov, A.Yu},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Computational Mathematics and Modeling},
volume = {15},
pages = {19--37},
abstract = {A number of fast computer procedures are described to find the minimum error vectors for observations of patients with cranial-cerebral traumas of a special type. In this article we describe a procedure that increases the efficiency of the algorithm used in a diagnostic data-processing system for the classification of new incoming information and retrieval of matching cases from an existing database.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ross, S E; Guskiewicz, K M
Time to stabilization: A method for analyzing dynamic postural stability Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 8, pp. 37–39, 2003, ISSN: 1078-7895.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Ross2003,
title = {Time to stabilization: A method for analyzing dynamic postural stability},
author = {Ross, S E and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1078-7895},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {8},
pages = {37--39},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; McStephen, M; Darby, D G
Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment of concussed athletes. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 556–559, 2003.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003c,
title = {Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment of concussed athletes.},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and McStephen, M and Darby, D G},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {556--559},
abstract = {Psychometric issues associated with computerised neuropsychological assessment in sports concussion are put forward. Issues critical to ensuring test reliability and sensitivity are discussed, with particular reference to how inappropriate test design can affect clinical decision making.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P; McStephen, M; Darby, D
Are reliable change (RC) calculations appropriate for determining the extent of cognitive change in concussed athletes?[see comment]. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 370–372, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003,
title = {Are reliable change (RC) calculations appropriate for determining the extent of cognitive change in concussed athletes?[see comment].},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P and McStephen, M and Darby, D},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {370--372},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Maruff, P
Computerised neuropsychological testing. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 2–3, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2003b,
title = {Computerised neuropsychological testing.},
author = {Collie, A and Maruff, P},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {2--3},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emery, C A
Is there a clinical standing balance measurement appropriate for use in sports medicine? A review of the literature Journal Article
In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, vol. 6, pp. 492–504, 2003, ISSN: 1440-2440.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Emery2003,
title = {Is there a clinical standing balance measurement appropriate for use in sports medicine? A review of the literature},
author = {Emery, C A},
issn = {1440-2440},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport},
volume = {6},
pages = {492--504},
abstract = {The aims of this review paper are (1) to discuss the relevance of proprioception and standing balance in rehabilitation and prevention of sports injuries, (2) to examine the evidence supporting decreased balance as a risk factor and balance training as a prevention strategy for injury in sport, (3) to review the evidence in the literature supporting the reliability and validity of clinical balance measurements, (4) to examine factors potentially influencing lower extremity balance and (5) to discuss the implications for future research in identifying clinical balance measurement tools appropriate for use in rehabilitation and injury prevention in sports medicine. Laboratory measurement techniques for balance (using costly, highly technical, and often non-portable equipment) are often not appropriate for use in a clinical setting or for research in a large field based clinical trial. Many of the clinical tools for balance measurement are not appropriate for use in the healthy active population, as they are not challenging enough or they are static balance measures. Evidence from original research suggests that static unipedal timed balance is a reliable measurement in both children and adults. There is little evidence to support the reliability and validity of dynamic clinical measurements of balance developed. It is impaired dynamic unipedal balance in sport which may be a significant risk factor for re-injury following rehabilitation or injury in sport. Dynamic standing balance measurement tools appropriate for use in the clinical setting need to be developed and assessed for reliability and validity.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, Kevin M
Assessment of postural stability following sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 2, pp. 24–30, 2003.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2003,
title = {Assessment of postural stability following sport-related concussion},
author = {Guskiewicz, Kevin M},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {2},
pages = {24--30},
address = {Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, 211 Fetzer, CB#8700, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA. gus@email.unc.edu},
abstract = {Despite the increased amount of research being conducted in the area of sport-related concussion, there is still a limited understanding regarding its effect on the injured brain's ability to control motor functions and coordination. This review determines the efficacy of postural stability testing as an adjunct to concussion assessment of athletes. Multiple studies, using both sophisticated force plate technology, as well as those using less sophisticated clinical balance tests, have identified postural stability deficits lasting several days following sport-related concussion. It appears that postural stability testing provides a useful tool for objectively assessing the motor domain of neurologic functioning, and should be considered a reliable and valid adjunct to the assessment of athletes suffering from concussion. Although symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and postural stability are often affected initially following concussion, they are not necessarily related or even affected to the same degree. Each of these should be considered when attempting to make return-to-play decisions following concussion. [References: 48]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Browndyke, Jeffrey N; Albert, Ashlie L; Malone, William; Schatz, Phillip; Paul, Robert H; Cohen, Ronald A; Tucker, Karen A; Gouvier, W Drew.
Computer-related anxiety: examining the impact of technology-specific affect on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure. Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology, vol. 9, pp. 210–218, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Browndyke2002,
title = {Computer-related anxiety: examining the impact of technology-specific affect on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure.},
author = {Browndyke, Jeffrey N and Albert, Ashlie L and Malone, William and Schatz, Phillip and Paul, Robert H and Cohen, Ronald A and Tucker, Karen A and Gouvier, W Drew.},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology},
volume = {9},
pages = {210--218},
abstract = {This study was conducted to examine the effect of impairment status and computer-specific anxiety on the performance of a computerized neuropsychological assessment measure. Computer related anxiety was measured using a standardized self-report measure tapping anxiety specific to computers and technology. Outcome on this measure was compared with error scores and response timing variables on a computerized version of the Category Test (CT) in both normal individuals and individuals with neurological, psychiatric, or substance abuse histories. Multivariate analysis results, controlling for psychomotor performance, revealed significant main effects for group status and computer-related anxiety. CT performance was significantly related to the level of computer-related anxiety, in that high anxiety resulted in higher CT error scores and longer response times, and the negative impact of computer-related anxiety on computerized neuropsychological assessment performance was stronger in individuals with impairment histories. Our results suggest that as computer-related anxiety increases, performance on computer administered neuropsychological assessment measures tends to decrease. Key words: computers, anxiety, computer-based task performance, clinical neuropsychology, Category Test},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maroon, Joseph C; Field, Mel; Lovell, Mark; Collins, Michael; Bost, Jeffrey
The evaluation of athletes with cerebral concussion Journal Article
In: Clinical Neurosurgery, vol. 49, pp. 319–332, 2002.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Maroon2002,
title = {The evaluation of athletes with cerebral concussion},
author = {Maroon, Joseph C and Field, Mel and Lovell, Mark and Collins, Michael and Bost, Jeffrey},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neurosurgery},
volume = {49},
pages = {319--332},
address = {Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrory, Paul R; Johnston, Karen M
Acute clinical symptoms of concussion: assessing prognostic significance Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 30, pp. 43–47, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrory2002a,
title = {Acute clinical symptoms of concussion: assessing prognostic significance},
author = {McCrory, Paul R and Johnston, Karen M},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {43--47},
address = {Center for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3916, AU. pmccrory@bigpond.com.},
abstract = {The acute symptoms of concussion provide the basis for assessment, classification, and ultimately, management of this common problem in sport. The only concussive symptoms that have been scientifically validated are loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, attentional deficit, and memory loss. Although many symptoms have been anecdotally attributed to concussive injury, their clinical significance is unknown. An evidence-based analysis of concussive symptoms and their prognostic significance can aid physicians who must make management and return-to-play decisions.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Comerford, Veronica Eileen; Geffen, Gina Malke; May, Chris; Medland, Sarah Elizabeth; Geffen, Laurence Basil
A rapid screen of the severity of mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 24, pp. 409–419, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Comerford2002,
title = {A rapid screen of the severity of mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Comerford, Veronica Eileen and Geffen, Gina Malke and May, Chris and Medland, Sarah Elizabeth and Geffen, Laurence Basil},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {24},
pages = {409--419},
address = {Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia. comerf@psy.uq.edu.au},
abstract = {This study investigated the sensitivity of information processing, recall and orientation tasks to the presence of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). Fifty-six (40 male, 16 female) mTBI patients and 85 (57 male and 28 female) controls with orthopaedic injuries were tested within 24 hr of injury in the Department of Emergency Medicine. mTBI patients answered fewer orientation questions and recalled fewer words in delayed recall than orthopaedic patients. mTBI patients judged fewer sentences in 2 min than orthopaedic controls, and female mTBI patients judged fewer sentences than male mTBI patients. Male mTBI patients correctly recalled fewer words during immediate memory and learning than female mTBI patients and orthopaedic controls. Those mTBI patients with a history of previous head injuries did not perform more poorly than those mTBI patients without previous head injuries. These results indicate that tests of speed of information processing, word learning and orientation questions are sensitive to the acute effects of mTBI.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrea, Michael; Kelly, James P; Randolph, Christopher; Cisler, Ron; Berger, Lisa
Immediate neurocognitive effects of concussion Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 50, pp. 1032, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrea2002,
title = {Immediate neurocognitive effects of concussion},
author = {McCrea, Michael and Kelly, James P and Randolph, Christopher and Cisler, Ron and Berger, Lisa},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {50},
pages = {1032},
address = {Neuropsychology Service, Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188, USA. michael.mccrea@phci.org},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To prospectively measure the immediate neurocognitive effects and early course of recovery from concussion and to examine the effects of loss of consciousness (LOC) and posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) on the severity of neurocognitive impairment immediately after concussion. METHODS: A sports-related concussion research model was used to allow prospective immediate evaluation of concussion. A total of 2385 high school and college football players were studied. Ninety-one players (3.8%) sustained concussions during the study. A brief neurocognitive and neurological screening measure, the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, was used to assess cognitive functioning before the football season, immediately after injury, and 15 minutes, 48 hours, and 90 days after injury. RESULTS: Standardized Assessment of Concussion scores immediately after concussion were significantly lower than the preseason baseline score and the noninjured population baseline mean, even for injured subjects without LOC or PTA. Subjects with LOC were most severely impaired immediately after injury, whereas those without LOC or PTA were least impaired. Significant impairment was also detected 15 minutes after injury, but all three groups returned to baseline levels of cognitive functioning within 48 hours. CONCLUSION: These findings are the first to demonstrate not only that a gradient of increasing concussion severity is represented by PTA and LOC but also that measurable neurocognitive abnormalities are evident immediately after injury without PTA or LOC.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, Mark R
The relevance of neuropsychologic testing for sports-related head injuries Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 1, pp. 7–11, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Lovell2002a,
title = {The relevance of neuropsychologic testing for sports-related head injuries},
author = {Lovell, Mark R},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {1},
pages = {7--11},
address = {UPMC Sports Medicine, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. mlovell695@aol.com},
abstract = {The utilization of neuropsychologic testing following sports-related concussion has dramatically increased over the past 5 years. The inclusion of neuropsychologic test results in the diagnosis of concussion has resulted in increasing questions into the specific role of these procedures in the return-to-play decision-making process. This article reviews the relevance of neuropsychologic testing for the sports medicine physician.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leclerc, S; Lassonde, M; Delaney, J S; Lacroix, V J; Johnston, K M
Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 31, pp. 629–636, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Leclerc2001,
title = {Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes},
author = {Leclerc, S and Lassonde, M and Delaney, J S and Lacroix, V J and Johnston, K M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {31},
pages = {629--636},
address = {McGill Sport Medicine Clinic, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.},
abstract = {Mild sports-related concussions, in which there is no loss of consciousness, account for \>75% of all sports-related brain injury. Universal agreement on concussion definition and severity grading does not exist. Grading systems represent expertise of clinicians and researchers yet scientific evidence is lacking. Most used loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia as markers for grading concussion. Although in severe head injury these parameters may have been proven important for prognosis, no study has done the same for sport-related concussion. Post-concussion symptoms are often the main features to help in the diagnosis of concussion in sport. Neuropsychological testing is meant to help physicians and health professionals to have objective indices of some of the neurocognitive symptoms. It is the challenge of physicians, therapists and coaches involved in the care of athletes to know the symptoms of concussion, recognise them when they occur and apply basic neuropsychological testing to help detect this injury. It is, therefore, recommended to be familiar with one grading system and use it consistently, even though it may not be scientifically validated. Then good clinical judgement and the ability to recognise post-concussion signs and symptoms will assure that an athlete never returns to play while symptomatic. [References: 64]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collie, A; Darby, D; Maruff, P
Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury. Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 35, pp. 297–302, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Collie2001,
title = {Computerised cognitive assessment of athletes with sports related head injury.},
author = {Collie, A and Darby, D and Maruff, P},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {35},
pages = {297--302},
abstract = {Professional and amateur participants in many sports are at risk of brain injury caused by impact with other players or objects. In many cases, mild cognitive deficits may persist after the common neurological signs of brain injury have passed. In recent years, the athlete's cognitive status after concussion has been measured with conventional "paper and pencil" neuropsychological tests. However, such tests are not ideal for sporting settings, as they are designed for the detection of gross cognitive impairments at a single assessment, not for the identification of mild cognitive deficits on repeated assessment. A number of computerised cognitive assessment tests and test batteries have been developed over the past two decades. These batteries offer major scientific and practical advantages over conventional neuropsychological tests which make them ideal for the assessment of cognitive function in sportspeople. This review first describes the problems associated with cognitive assessment of people with sports related cognitive deficits, and then critically examines the utility of conventional neuropsychological and computerised cognitive tests in sporting settings.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, K M
Concussion in sport: The grading-system dilemma Journal Article
In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, pp. 18–27, 2001, ISSN: 1078-7895.
BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2001,
title = {Concussion in sport: The grading-system dilemma},
author = {Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1078-7895},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Athletic Therapy Today},
volume = {6},
pages = {18--27},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guskiewicz, K M
Postural stability assessment following concussion: one piece of the puzzle Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 182–189, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Guskiewicz2001b,
title = {Postural stability assessment following concussion: one piece of the puzzle},
author = {Guskiewicz, K M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {182--189},
address = {Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-8700, USA. gus@email.unc.edu},
abstract = {Clinicians regularly assess concussion according to the symptoms that an athlete manifests at the time of injury, as well as during subsequent evaluations. The subjectivity involved with symptom assessment, however, often leaves the clinician without a clear picture of the athlete's true mental status. Neuropsychologic testing has become very popular in the sports medicine community for assessing the cognitive domain of neurologic functioning, and postural stability testing is gaining credence for assessing the motor domain. The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy of postural stability testing as an adjunct to concussion assessment of athletes. Multiple studies, using both sophisticated force plate technology, as well as those using less sophisticated clinical balance tests, have identified postural stability deficits lasting several days following sport-related concussion. It appears that postural stability testing provides a useful tool for objectively assessing the motor domain of neurologic functioning, and should be considered a reliable and valid adjunct to the assessment of athletes suffering from concussion. Although symptom severity, neurocognitive function, and postural stability are often affected initially following concussion, they are not necessarily related or even affected to the same degree. [References: 40]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McCrea, M
Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 176–181, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{McCrea2001,
title = {Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion},
author = {McCrea, M},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {176--181},
abstract = {Neurocognitive status is often considered the domain of neurologic functioning most sensitive to change following concussion, but the effects are often subtle and difficult to detect on routine clinical examination. Recent efforts have focused on the development of brief, standardized methods of mental status assessment for use by sports medicine clinicians to quantify the acute neurocognitive effects of concussion and objectively track postinjury recovery. Research has demonstrated the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of these measures in detecting concussion in athletes and providing empirical data for consideration in the context of other examination findings, neuropsychologic test data, and neuroimaging results. Standardized measures of mental status and other postconcussive symptoms are valuable tools to assist clinicians in the assessment and management of concussion, but should not be used as a replacement for medical evaluation or viewed as a stand-alone means for determining readiness to return to competition after injury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Echemendia, R J; Putukian, M; Mackin, R S; Julian, L; Shoss, N
Neuropsychological test performance prior to and following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 23–31, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Echemendia2001a,
title = {Neuropsychological test performance prior to and following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Echemendia, R J and Putukian, M and Mackin, R S and Julian, L and Shoss, N},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {23--31},
address = {Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. RJE2@PSU.EDU},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the utility of neuropsychological tests in assessing college athletes prior to and following a sports-related mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). DESIGN: A prospective study of college athletes who sustained mTBI while engaged in sport. Preinjury baseline neuropsychological test data were obtained for athletes at risk for mTBI. Following an mTBI, the athlete and his or her matched noninjured control were evaluated at 2 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, and I month postinjury. SETTING: Male and female athletes from a Division I college. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female athletes from the football, men's ice hockey, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's basketball teams at Penn State University. A total of 29 injured and 20 noninjured athletes participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Neuropsychological test batteries were administered at baseline and serially following mTBI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Trail Making Test, VIGIL/W, List Learning, Digit Span, Penn State Cancellation Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association. RESULTS: Neuropsychological test data yielded significant differences between injured athletes and controls at 2 hours and 48 hours following cerebral concussion; injured athletes performing significantly worse than controls. Injured athletes reported a significantly greater number of postconcussion symptoms 2 hours following injury but not at the 48-hour assessment. No multivariate group differences were found at 1 week, but univariate analyses suggested significant differences on a few measures. At 1 month postinjury, a statistically significant difference was found on one measure with injured athletes marginally outperforming controls. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychological tests are useful in the detection of cognitive impairment following mTBI. The test data appear to be more effective than subjective report of symptoms in differentiating between injured and noninjured athletes at 48 hours postinjury. Although significant individual variability existed, most injured athletes recovered within 1 week of injury. A battery of tests, rather than any single test, is necessary to capture the variability that exists among injured athletes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kabat, M H; Kane, R L; Jefferson, A L; DiPino, R K
Construct validity of selected Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery measures. Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 15, pp. 498–507, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Kabat2001,
title = {Construct validity of selected Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery measures.},
author = {Kabat, M H and Kane, R L and Jefferson, A L and DiPino, R K},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {15},
pages = {498--507},
abstract = {The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is a computerized library of tests designed to assess neurocognitive functioning across administrations (Kane \& Reeves, 1997). This study was designed to examine neuropsychological constructs measured by selected ANAM measures and to compare them with traditional measures putatively assessing similar domains. The sample consisted of 191 outpatients with suspected neurocognitive dysfunction. Correlations and regressions indicated significant relationships between traditional and computerized tests measuring similar constructs. PCA results yielded a three-factor solution: Factor I (Processing Speed/Efficiency), Factor II (Retention/Memory), and Factor III (Working Memory).},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Grindel, S H; Lovell, M R; Collins, M W
The assessment of sport-related concussion: the evidence behind neuropsychological testing and management Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 134–143, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Grindel2001,
title = {The assessment of sport-related concussion: the evidence behind neuropsychological testing and management},
author = {Grindel, S H and Lovell, M R and Collins, M W},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {11},
pages = {134--143},
address = {Saint Vincent Sports Medicine Fellowship, Erie, Pennsylvania 16502, USA. sgrindel@svhs.org},
abstract = {Because of the lack of valid evidence to support the current recommendations for the management of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion), many physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes have called into question the way concussions are treated in athletics. This review article discusses the current evidence for the management of concussion in high school, college, and professional sports. A complete review of the epidemiologic and neuropsychological studies to date is presented and critically reviewed, as are other assessment and management tools in concussion. The appropriate use of neuropsychological testing, grading scales, and return-to-play recommendations are discussed in depth based on the current evidence. Additionally, areas requiring further research are identified and future trends are briefly discussed. [References: 75]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maroon, J C; Lovell, M R; Norwig, J; Podell, K; Powell, J W; Hartl, R
Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing Journal Article
In: Neurosurgery, vol. 47, pp. 659–672, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Maroon2000,
title = {Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing},
author = {Maroon, J C and Lovell, M R and Norwig, J and Podell, K and Powell, J W and Hartl, R},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgery},
volume = {47},
pages = {659--672},
address = {Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. maroonjc@msx.upmc.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a topic review of studies related to cerebral concussion in athletes, as an aid to improving decision-making and outcomes. METHODS: We review the literature to provide an historical perspective on the incidence and definition of and the management guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury in sports. In addition, metabolic changes resulting from cerebral concussion and the second-impact syndrome are reviewed, to provide additional principles for decision-making. Neuropsychological testing, as it applies to athletes, is discussed in detail, to delineate baseline assessments, the characteristics of the neuropsychological evaluation, the neuropsychological tests used, and the methods for in-season identification of cerebral concussion. Future directions in the management of concussions are presented. RESULTS: The incidence of cerebral concussions has been reduced from approximately 19 per 100 participants in football per season to approximately 4 per 100, i.e., 40,000 to 50,000 concussions per year in football alone. The most commonly used definitions of concussion are those proposed by Cantu and the American Academy of Neurology. Each has associated management guidelines. Concussion or loss of consciousness occurs when the extracellular potassium concentration increases beyond the upper normal limit of approximately 4 to 5 mmol/L, to levels of 20 to 50 mmol/L, inhibiting the action potential and leading to loss of consciousness. This phenomenon helps to explain the delayed effects of symptoms after trauma. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological testing seems to be an effective way to obtain useful data on the short-term and long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury. Moreover, knowledge of the various definitions and management strategies, as well as the utility of neuropsychological testing, is essential for those involved in decision-making with athletes with mild traumatic brain injuries. [References: 50]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Riemann, B L; Guskiewicz, K M
Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing Journal Article
In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 35, pp. 19–25, 2000, ISSN: 1062-6050.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Riemann2000,
title = {Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing},
author = {Riemann, B L and Guskiewicz, K M},
issn = {1062-6050},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},
volume = {35},
pages = {19--25},
abstract = {Objective: Although force-platform measures of postural stability provide objective information concerning mild head injury (MHI) resolution, their application has remained limited due to the high costs and impracticality for sideline use. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of a clinical balance testing procedure for the detection of acute postural stability disruptions after MHI. Design and Setting: We used a posttest control group design with repeated measures. Postural stability was tested at 3 postinjury time intervals (days 1, 3, and 5) using 2 procedures in a sports medicine laboratory: 1) a clinical balance battery consisting of 3 stances (double leg, single leg, and tandem) on 2 surfaces (firm and foam), and 2) the Sensory Organization Test using a sophisticated force-platform system. Subjects: Sixteen MHI and 16 matched control subjects participated in this study. Measurements: We measured performance with the Balance Error Scoring System for each of the clinical balance tests and the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master for Sensory Organization Testing. Results: We found significantly higher postural instability in the MHI subjects revealed through the clinical test battery, with the 3 stances on the foam surface eliciting significant differences through day 3 postinjury. Results of the Sensory Organization Test revealed significant group differences on day 1 postinjury. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the Balance Error Scoring System may be a useful clinical procedure to assist clinicians in making return-to-play decisions in athletes with Mi-ii in the absence of force-platform equipment.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rayls, K R; Mittenberg, W; Burns, W J; Theroux, S
Prospective study of the MMPI-2 correction factor after mild head injury Journal Article
In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 14, pp. 546–550, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Rayls2000,
title = {Prospective study of the MMPI-2 correction factor after mild head injury},
author = {Rayls, K R and Mittenberg, W and Burns, W J and Theroux, S},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {14},
pages = {546--550},
address = {Utah State Hospital, Provo, USA.},
abstract = {Gass (1991) proposed a correction factor composed of 14 MMPI-2 items that were characteristically endorsed by patients with closed-head injury. Their frequency of occurrence suggested that the items reflected the neurological rather than emotional consequences of head injury. The current study was designed to evaluate the interpretive significance of correction factor items after mild head trauma. Patients were examined immediately upon hospitalization and followed prospectively for at least 3 months. Correction factor items were endorsed more frequently during acute hospitalization than in the MMPI-2 standardization sample. At follow-up, none of the items were endorsed more often by patients with chronic mild head injury than by uninjured controls. These results suggest that the correction factor is sensitive to the acute neurological consequences of mild head trauma, but that these symptoms can typically be expected to resolve. Chronic endorsement of the items in this population is therefore most likely related to psychological factors.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lovell, M R; Iverson, G L; Collins, M W; McKeag, D; Maroon, J C
Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion? Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 9, pp. 193–198, 1999.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Lovell1999,
title = {Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion?},
author = {Lovell, M R and Iverson, G L and Collins, M W and McKeag, D and Maroon, J C},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {9},
pages = {193--198},
address = {Division of Neuropsychology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of loss of consciousness (LOC) in predicting neuropsychological test performance in a large sample of patients with head injury. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of neuropsychological test results for patients who suffered traumatic LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC. SETTING: Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PATIENTS: The total number of patients included in this study was 383. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neuropsychological test measures, including the visual reproduction, digit span, and logical memory subtests of the Wechsler memory scale (revised), the Trail Making test, Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Hopkins Verbal Learning test, Controlled Oral Word Association, and the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia test (GOAT). RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the LOC, no LOC, or uncertain LOC groups for any of the neuropsychological measures used. Patients who had experienced traumatic LOC did not perform more poorly on neuropsychological testing than those with no LOC or uncertain LOC. All three groups demonstrated mildly decreased performance on formal tests of speed of information processing, attentional process, and memory. CONCLUSION: The results of this study cast doubt on the importance of LOC as a predictor of neuropsychological test performance during the acute phase of recovery from mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological testing procedures have been shown to be sensitive in measuring cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) in athletes. The failure of this study to find any relationship between LOC and neuropsychological functioning in a large sample of patients with mild head trauma calls into question the assignment of primary importance to LOC in grading severity of concussion. This study also does not provide support for the use of guidelines that rely heavily on LOC in making return-to-play decisions. Continued research is necessary to determine the relative importance of markers of concussion in athletes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bleiberg, J; Halpern, E L; Reeves, D; Daniel, J C
Future directions for the neuropsychological assessment of sports concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 13, pp. 36–44, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bleiberg1998,
title = {Future directions for the neuropsychological assessment of sports concussion},
author = {Bleiberg, J and Halpern, E L and Reeves, D and Daniel, J C},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
volume = {13},
pages = {36--44},
address = {Assistive Technology Center, Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Washington, DC, USA.},
abstract = {This article argues in favor of using newly developed computerized, complex reaction time (RT)-based neuropsychological procedures for the study of sports-related concussion. Recent studies show that by using these complex RT procedures, significant differences between concussed and control samples can be observed. The magnitude of RT differences is 110 ms or less, levels that are not meaningfully measured with stopwatch-based procedures. RT-based procedures also have the advantage of permitting analysis of variability of RT, and several recent studies have shown that brain dysfunction is accompanied by erratic and inconsistent RT. A currently ongoing sports concussion study using measures of complex RT and variability of RT is described. [References: 19]},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bohnen, N; Twijnstra, A; Kroeze, J; Jolles, J
A psychophysical method for assessing visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia in patients with mild head injury Journal Article
In: British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, pp. 860–863, 1991.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Bohnen1991,
title = {A psychophysical method for assessing visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia in patients with mild head injury},
author = {Bohnen, N and Twijnstra, A and Kroeze, J and Jolles, J},
year = {1991},
date = {1991-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
volume = {159},
pages = {860--863},
address = {Department of Neuropsychology \& Psychobiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.},
abstract = {Although it is well known that patients with mild head injury (MHI) are less able to endure intense light and sound stimuli than normal people, there are few psychophysical studies that have objectively measured this type of hyperaesthesia. In the present study, using a computerised rating scale technique, both the maximal and submaximal levels of reduced tolerance to light and sound were assessed for a wide range of stimuli. Three to six days after the trauma, 40 MHI patients were significantly less tolerant to stimuli of intensities over 71 dB and 500 lux levels than controls. These intensities are common, and MHI patients may suffer as a consequence.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leininger, B E; Gramling, S E; Farrell, A D; Kreutzer, J S; Peck 3rd, E A
Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 53, pp. 293–296, 1990.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Leininger1990,
title = {Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion},
author = {Leininger, B E and Gramling, S E and Farrell, A D and Kreutzer, J S and {Peck 3rd}, E A},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry},
volume = {53},
pages = {293--296},
address = {Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond 23284.},
abstract = {Recent studies have concluded that most individuals who sustain minor head injury are free of persistent neuropsychological dysfunction. Nevertheless, a subgroup of patients experience continuing post-concussive difficulties and neuropsychological deficits. This study examined 53 symptomatic minor head injury patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation between one and 22 months after injury. These individuals performed significantly poorer than uninjured controls on four of eight neuropsychological tests. Patients who lost consciousness during injury obtained test scores similar to persons who experienced disorientation or confusion but no loss of consciousness. The results indicate that minor head injury patients who report post-concussive symptoms possess measurable neuropsychological deficits and the severity of these deficits is independent of neurological status immediately following injury.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hugenholtz, H; Richard, M T
On-site management of athletes with head injuries Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 71, 1983, ISBN: 00913847.
BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *HEAD, *HEMODYNAMICS, *PERIODIC health examinations, *RESPIRATION, *THERAPEUTICS, *WOUNDS & injuries, Assessment & Testing, Treatment & Rehabilitation
@article{Hugenholtz1983,
title = {On-site management of athletes with head injuries},
author = {Hugenholtz, H and Richard, M T},
isbn = {00913847},
year = {1983},
date = {1983-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {71},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *HEAD, *HEMODYNAMICS, *PERIODIC health examinations, *RESPIRATION, *THERAPEUTICS, *WOUNDS \& injuries, Assessment \& Testing, Treatment \& Rehabilitation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Scharf, R
When is a head injury concussion? Journal Article
In: Canadian Family Physician, vol. 26, pp. 948–951, 1980.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Assessment & Testing
@article{Scharf1980,
title = {When is a head injury concussion?},
author = {Scharf, R},
year = {1980},
date = {1980-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
volume = {26},
pages = {948--951},
abstract = {The patient with concussion is one who, with or without brief unconsciousness, has recovered to nearly normal in a limited time. Just which patients are apt to do this is a process of exclusion. This article is a mixture of what to look for, what to do and what findings rule out simple concussion. While repeated observation of level of consciousness, airway control and careful assessment of vital signs usually rule out serious injury, we must be on our toes to avoid serious mistakes.},
keywords = {Assessment \& Testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}