References – Sports Concussion Library

2017

Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D

Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes -- Psychology, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Cognitive, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, FACTOR analysis, Headache -- Treatment, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sports

2016

Bailie, J M; Kennedy, J E; French, L M; Marshall, K; Prokhorenko, O; Asmussen, S; Reid, M W; Qashu, F; Brickell, T A; Lange, R T

Profile Analysis of the Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms Following Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Identification of Subtypes Journal Article

In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2–12, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Military Personnel, Abbreviated Injury Scale, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Cluster Analysis, Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], FACTOR analysis, Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, middle aged, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Statistical, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, Warfare, Young Adult

@article{Bailie2016,

title = {Profile Analysis of the Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms Following Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Identification of Subtypes},

author = {Bailie, J M and Kennedy, J E and French, L M and Marshall, K and Prokhorenko, O and Asmussen, S and Reid, M W and Qashu, F and Brickell, T A and Lange, R T},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},

volume = {31},

number = {1},

pages = {2--12},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the taxonomy of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) based on symptom patterns. PARTICIPANTS: Up to 1341 military personnel who experienced a combat-related mTBI within 2 years of evaluation. MEASURES: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed the following 4 subtypes: primarily psychiatric (posttraumatic stress disorder) group, a cognitive group, a mixed symptom group, and a good recovery group. The posttraumatic stress disorder cluster (21.9% of the sample) reported symptoms related to hyperarousal and dissociation/depression with few complaints related to cognition or headaches. The cognitive group (21.5% of the sample) had primarily cognitive and headache complaints with few mood symptoms. The mixed profile cluster included 18.6% of the sample and was characterized by a combination of mood complaints (hyperarousal and dissociation/depression), cognitive complaints, and headaches. The largest cluster (37.8% of the sample) had an overall low symptom profile and was labeled the "good recovery" group. CONCLUSIONS: The results support a unique taxonomy for combat-related mTBI. The clinical differences among these subtypes indicate a need for unique treatment resources and programs.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Military Personnel, Abbreviated Injury Scale, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Cluster Analysis, Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], FACTOR analysis, Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, middle aged, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Statistical, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, Warfare, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A

Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors

@article{Nelson2016b,

title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},

author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {142--152},

abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.

Anonymous,

FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article

In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries

Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey

Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article

In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest

@article{Bruce2016,

title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},

author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},

isbn = {15439518},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sport Journal},

pages = {1--4},

abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A

High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Adolescent, Athletes, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, reaction time, Risk Factors, Students

Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W

Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values

@article{Haran2016b,

title = {Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment},

author = {Haran, F J and Dretsch, M N and Slaboda, J C and Johnson, D E and Adam, O R and Tsao, J W},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {280--286},

abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between the baseline-referenced and norm-referenced approaches for determining decrements in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM) performance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: ANAM data were reviewed for 616 US Service members, with 528 of this sample having experienced an mTBI and 88 were controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Post-injury change scores were calculated for each sub-test: (1) normative change score = in-theater score - normative mean and (2) baseline change score = in-theater score - pre-deployment baseline. Reliable change cut-scores were applied to the change and the resulting frequency distributions were compared using McNemar tests. Receiver operator curves (ROC) using both samples (i.e. mTBI and control) were calculated for the change scores for each approach to determine the discriminate ability of the ANAM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were no statistical differences, p \< 0.05 (Bonferonni-Holm corrected), between the approaches. When the area under the curve for the ROCs were averaged across sub-tests, there were no significant differences between either the norm-referenced (0.65) or baseline-referenced (0.66) approaches, p \> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest there is no clear advantage of using the baseline-referenced approach over norm-referenced approach.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Donders, J; Strong, C A

Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], *Executive Function, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cognition Disorders/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/di [Diagnosis], FACTOR analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, self report, Statistical, Young Adult

@article{Donders2016,

title = {Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},

author = {Donders, J and Strong, C A},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},

volume = {31},

number = {1},

pages = {29--36},

abstract = {One hundred persons with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their informants completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) within 1-12 months after injury. Exploratory maximum-likelihood factor analysis with oblique rotation revealed that although a traditional 2-factor model fit the informant-report data well, a 3-factor solution fit the self-report data relatively best. These factors were labeled Metacognition, Behavioral Regulation, and Emotional Regulation. The presence of a premorbid history of outpatient psychiatric treatment was strongly predictive of higher scores (reflecting more perceived problems) on each of these 3 factors. Lower educational attainment was associated with higher scores on the Behavioral Regulation factor, whereas absence of intracranial findings on neuroimaging was associated with higher scores on the Emotional Regulation factor. It is concluded that, after mild TBI, self-report data on the BRIEF-A can be interpreted along a 3-factorial model and that high elevations on this instrument are strongly affected by premorbid complications. Copyright © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], *Executive Function, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cognition Disorders/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/di [Diagnosis], FACTOR analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, self report, Statistical, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Astafiev, S V; Zinn, K L; Shulman, G L; Corbetta, M

Exploring the physiological correlates of chronic mild traumatic brain injury symptoms Journal Article

In: NeuroImage Clinical, vol. 11, pp. 10–19, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/pp [Physiopathology], *White Matter/pp [Physiopathology], anisotropy, chronic disease, Diffusion Tensor Imaging/mt [Methods], Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], Male, Neuropsychological Tests

Hoffer, M E; Szczupak, M; Kiderman, A; Crawford, J; Murphy, S; Marshall, K; Pelusso, C; Balaban, C

Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. e0146039, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Vestibular Function Tests, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, Affective Symptoms/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cluster Analysis, Dizziness/et [Etiology], Emergency Service, Fatigue/et [Etiology], Female, Gait Disorders, Headache/et [Etiology], Hospital, Hospitals, Humans, Male, middle aged, Mild Cognitive Impairment/et [Etiology], Military, Nausea/et [Etiology], Neurologic/et [Etiology], Neuropsychological Tests, Principal Component Analysis, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, symptom assessment, Trauma Severity Indices, university, Young Adult

@article{Hoffer2016,

title = {Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},

author = {Hoffer, M E and Szczupak, M and Kiderman, A and Crawford, J and Murphy, S and Marshall, K and Pelusso, C and Balaban, C},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {e0146039},

abstract = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) is a prominent public health issue. To date, subjective symptom complaints primarily dictate diagnostic and treatment approaches. As such, the description and qualification of these symptoms in the mTBI patient population is of great value. This manuscript describes the symptoms of mTBI patients as compared to controls in a larger study designed to examine the use of vestibular testing to diagnose mTBI. Five symptom clusters were identified: Post-Traumatic Headache/Migraine, Nausea, Emotional/Affective, Fatigue/Malaise, and Dizziness/Mild Cognitive Impairment. Our analysis indicates that individuals with mTBI have headache, dizziness, and cognitive dysfunction far out of proportion to those without mTBI. In addition, sleep disorders and emotional issues were significantly more common amongst mTBI patients than non-injured individuals. A simple set of questions inquiring about dizziness, headache, and cognitive issues may provide diagnostic accuracy. The consideration of other symptoms may be critical for providing prognostic value and treatment for best short-term outcomes or prevention of long-term complications.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Vestibular Function Tests, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, Affective Symptoms/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cluster Analysis, Dizziness/et [Etiology], Emergency Service, Fatigue/et [Etiology], Female, Gait Disorders, Headache/et [Etiology], Hospital, Hospitals, Humans, Male, middle aged, Mild Cognitive Impairment/et [Etiology], Military, Nausea/et [Etiology], Neurologic/et [Etiology], Neuropsychological Tests, Principal Component Analysis, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, symptom assessment, Trauma Severity Indices, university, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Willer, B S; Leddy, J J

Time to Change from a Symptom-based Concussion Assessment to a Structured Physical Examination Journal Article

In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 495–496, 2016.

BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Physical Examination

Leung, A; Shukla, S; Fallah, A; Song, D; Lin, L; Golshan, S; Tsai, A; Jak, A; Polston, G; Lee, R

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches Journal Article

In: Neuromodulation, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 133–141, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Headache/et [Etiology], *Headache/th [Therapy], *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/mt [Methods], adult, aged, Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuronavigation, Neuropsychological Tests, treatment outcome

@article{Leung2016,

title = {Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches},

author = {Leung, A and Shukla, S and Fallah, A and Song, D and Lin, L and Golshan, S and Tsai, A and Jak, A and Polston, G and Lee, R},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neuromodulation},

volume = {19},

number = {2},

pages = {133--141},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Headache is one of the most common debilitating chronic pain conditions in either active or retired military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study assessed the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in alleviating MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Veterans with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real rTMS (REAL group) at 10 hz for a total of 2000 pulses divided into 20 trains with one-sec inter-train interval or sham rTMS (SHAM group) at the left motor cortex (LMC) with brain magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation guidance. Pretreatment, posttreatment one-week and four-week headache and neuropsychological assessments were conducted. RESULT: Thirty veterans were screened and twenty four (21 men and 3 women with average year-old +/- SD at 14.3 +/- 12.6) subjects' data were analyzed. A two-factor (visit x treatment) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) indicated a close to significant (p = 0.06) trend of interaction between pretreatment and posttreatment one-week assessment with the intensity of the persistent daily headache decreasing from 5.7 +/- 1.9 to 2.2 +/- 2.7 and 4.6 +/- 1.3 to 3.5 +/- 2.0 for the REAL and SHAM groups, respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated REAL group demonstrated a significantly (p = 0.041) higher % of reduction in persistent headache intensity than the SHAM group (56.3 +/- 48.2% vs.15.4 +/- 43.6%) at the posttreatment one-week assessment and the trend continued to the four-week assessment. Overall, a significantly (p = 0.035) higher percentage of the subjects in the REAL group (58.3%) demonstrated at least a 50% headache intensity reduction at posttreatment one-week assessment compared with the SHAM group (16.6%). The overall composite score of functionally debilitating headache exacerbation is significantly (p = 0.017) reduced in REAL group at the posttreatment four-week assessment in comparison with the SHAM group. No major sustained change in neuropsychological assessments was noted. CONCLUSION: The studied rTMS protocol appears to be a clinically feasible and effective treatment option in managing MTBI-HA.Copyright © 2015 International Neuromodulation Society.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Headache/et [Etiology], *Headache/th [Therapy], *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/mt [Methods], adult, aged, Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuronavigation, Neuropsychological Tests, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

OBJECTIVE: Headache is one of the most common debilitating chronic pain conditions in either active or retired military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study assessed the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in alleviating MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Veterans with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real rTMS (REAL group) at 10 hz for a total of 2000 pulses divided into 20 trains with one-sec inter-train interval or sham rTMS (SHAM group) at the left motor cortex (LMC) with brain magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation guidance. Pretreatment, posttreatment one-week and four-week headache and neuropsychological assessments were conducted. RESULT: Thirty veterans were screened and twenty four (21 men and 3 women with average year-old +/- SD at 14.3 +/- 12.6) subjects' data were analyzed. A two-factor (visit x treatment) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) indicated a close to significant (p = 0.06) trend of interaction between pretreatment and posttreatment one-week assessment with the intensity of the persistent daily headache decreasing from 5.7 +/- 1.9 to 2.2 +/- 2.7 and 4.6 +/- 1.3 to 3.5 +/- 2.0 for the REAL and SHAM groups, respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated REAL group demonstrated a significantly (p = 0.041) higher % of reduction in persistent headache intensity than the SHAM group (56.3 +/- 48.2% vs.15.4 +/- 43.6%) at the posttreatment one-week assessment and the trend continued to the four-week assessment. Overall, a significantly (p = 0.035) higher percentage of the subjects in the REAL group (58.3%) demonstrated at least a 50% headache intensity reduction at posttreatment one-week assessment compared with the SHAM group (16.6%). The overall composite score of functionally debilitating headache exacerbation is significantly (p = 0.017) reduced in REAL group at the posttreatment four-week assessment in comparison with the SHAM group. No major sustained change in neuropsychological assessments was noted. CONCLUSION: The studied rTMS protocol appears to be a clinically feasible and effective treatment option in managing MTBI-HA.Copyright © 2015 International Neuromodulation Society.

Gobert, Denise; Kerby, Jace; Buchner, Sean

Is There a Gender Bias Involving Impulsivity and Number of Concussions? Journal Article

In: Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. e34–e34, 2016, ISBN: 00039993.

BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, *Convalescence, *EYE -- Movements, *SEX discrimination, *VISUAL acuity, COMPLICATIONS, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, IMPULSE control disorders, LONGITUDINAL method, MULTIPLE regression analysis, Neuropsychological Tests, PROBABILITY theory

2015

Seidman, Daniel H; Burlingame, Jennifer; Yousif, Lina R; Donahue, Xinh P; Krier, Joshua; Rayes, Lydia J; Young, Rachel; Lilla, Muareen; Mazurek, Rochelle; Hittle, Kristie; McCloskey, Charles; Misra, Saroj; Shaw, Michael K

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King–Devick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King–Devick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports

@article{Ellis2015ab,

title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},

volume = {16},

number = {6},

pages = {709--718},

abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.

Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B

Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases Journal Article

In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires

@article{Zottoli2015,

title = {Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases},

author = {Zottoli, T M and Hoover, S and Barr, W B},

doi = {10.1080/13854046.2015.1062562},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},

volume = {29},

number = {5},

pages = {678--688},

abstract = {Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking of concussion symptoms in athletes. The purpose of the current study was to validate the utility of the SAC as an embedded screening measure for insufficient effort in independent medical examinations (IME) and personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design was used to examine the SACs utility for the detection of insufficient effort in 75 de-identified private IME and civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications of insufficient effort were made independently of SAC scores, on the basis of having two or more scores falling below established cut-offs on previously validated neuropsychological measures. Results: Results suggest that the total score on the SAC significantly distinguishes effortful respondents from those exhibiting insufficient effort. Empirically derived cut-off scores yielded adequate sensitivity (.62-.95) and negative predictive power (.93-.97). Conclusions: While optimal cut-off scores depend upon intended use, our data suggest that the SAC is useful as a potential screener for insufficient effort, after which one can employ additional measures to rule out false-positives. Further research is required before cut-off scores can be recommended for clinical use. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.},

keywords = {brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Dretsch, M N; Kelly, M P; Coldren, R L; Parish, R V; Russell, M L

No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1217–1222, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult

@article{Dretsch2015a,

title = {No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers},

author = {Dretsch, M N and Kelly, M P and Coldren, R L and Parish, R V and Russell, M L},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3637},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {16},

pages = {1217--1222},

abstract = {Seventy-one deployed U.S. Army soldiers who presented for concussion care due to either blast or blunt mechanisms within 72 h of injury were assessed using the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), traditional neuropsychological tests, and health status questionnaires. Follow-up ANAM testing was performed 10 d after initial testing (±5 d). Twenty-one soldiers were excluded: two for poor effort and 19 who had combined blast/blunt injuries. Of the remaining 50 male participants, 34 had blast injuries and 16 had blunt injuries. There were no statistically significant differences between blast injury and blunt injury participants in demographic, physical, or psychological health factors, concussive symptoms, or automated and traditional neurocognitive testing scores within 72 h post-injury. In addition, follow-up ANAM scores up to 15 d post-injury were not significantly different (available on 21 blast-injured and 13 blunt-injured subjects). Pre-injury baseline ANAM scores were compared where available, and revealed no statistically significant differences between 22 blast injury and eight blunt injury participants. These findings suggest there are no significant differences between mechanisms of injury during both the acute and subacute periods in neurobehavioral concussion sequelae while deployed in a combat environment. The current study supports the use of sports/mechanical concussion models for early concussion management in the deployed setting and exploration of variability in potential long-term outcomes. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},

keywords = {2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S

Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome

@article{Little2015,

title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},

author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},

volume = {12},

pages = {78},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.

Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B

A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult

@article{Mayer2015b,

title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},

author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {22},

pages = {1759--1767},

abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p > 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.

Czerniak, S M; Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M

A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270] Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 323–332, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, BRAIN mapping, Female, Humans, interview, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, rest, Young Adult

@article{Czerniak2015b,

title = {A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270]},

author = {Czerniak, S M and Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {323--332},

abstract = {Sports-related concussions are currently diagnosed through multi-domain assessment by a medical professional and may utilize neurocognitive testing as an aid. However, these tests have only been able to detect differences in the days to week post-concussion. Here, we investigate a measure of brain function, namely resting state functional connectivity, which may detect residual brain differences in the weeks to months after concussion. Twenty-one student athletes (9 concussed within 6 months of enrollment; 12 non-concussed; between ages 18 and 22 years) were recruited for this study. All participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and the Color-Word Interference Test. Neuroimaging data, specifically resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data, were acquired to examine resting state functional connectivity. Two sample t-tests were used to compare the neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity patterns among concussed and non-concussed participants. Correlations between neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity measures were also determined across all subjects. There were no significant differences in neurocognitive performance between concussed and non-concussed groups. Concussed subjects had significantly increased connections between areas of the brain that underlie executive function. Across all subjects, better neurocognitive performance corresponded to stronger brain connectivity. Even at rest, brains of concussed athletes may have to 'work harder' than their healthy peers to achieve similar neurocognitive results. Resting state brain connectivity may be able to detect prolonged brain differences in concussed athletes in a more quantitative manner than neurocognitive test scores.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, BRAIN mapping, Female, Humans, interview, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, rest, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport

@article{Ellis2015,

title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {248--255},

abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.

Merritt, V C; Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A

A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Journal Article

In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 764–775, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult

@article{Merritt2015b,

title = {A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale},

author = {Merritt, V C and Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},

doi = {10.1080/13803395.2015.1060950},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},

volume = {37},

number = {7},

pages = {764--775},

abstract = {Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.

Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M

Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome

@article{Alexander2015,

title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},

author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},

doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1113--1125},

abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},

keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Mendez, M F; Paholpak, P; Lin, A; Zhang, J Y; Teng, E

Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Journal Article

In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 985–993, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]

@article{Mendez2015,

title = {Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease},

author = {Mendez, M F and Paholpak, P and Lin, A and Zhang, J Y and Teng, E},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},

volume = {47},

number = {4},

pages = {985--993},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most established environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if TBI is specifically associated with early-onset AD (EOAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between TBI and EOAD (\<65 years). METHODS: We identified 1,449 EOAD, 4,337 late-onset AD (LOAD), and corresponding EOAD-matched and LOAD-matched normal controls (NC) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) database and compared the prevalence of any history of TBI as well as measures of cognition, function, behavior, and neuropathology. For validation, we determined TBI prevalence among 115 well-characterized clinic patients with EOAD. RESULTS: Part A: The prevalence of any TBI in the NACC-database EOAD participants (13.3%) was comparable to that observed in the clinic EOAD patients (13.9%) but significantly higher than in the NACC-database LOAD participants (7.7% ; p \< 0.0001) and trended to higher compared to EOAD-matched NC (11.1% ; logistic regression p = 0.053). Part B: When we compared EOAD patients with documented non-acute and non-residually impairing TBI to EOAD without a documented history of prior TBI, those with TBI had significantly more disinhibition. Part C: Autopsies did not reveal differences in AD neuropathology based on a history of TBI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest, but do not establish, that TBI is a specific risk factor for EOAD and may lead to disinhibition, a feature that often results from the frontal effects of head injury. This study recommends further research on the effects of TBI in EOAD in larger numbers of participants.},

keywords = {*Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Monaco 3rd, E A; Tempel, Z

Concussion related to white matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in aging athletes Journal Article

In: Neurosurgery, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. N10–1, 2015.

BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], *White Matter/pa [Pathology], aging, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Humans, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests

Waldron-Perrine, B; Tree, H A; Spencer, R J; Suhr, J; Bieliauskas, L

Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1051–1055, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Information Dissemination, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], adult, Female, Health Communication, Humans, Language, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Stress Disorders, Veterans/px [Psychology], Young Adult

@article{Waldron-Perrine2015,

title = {Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study},

author = {Waldron-Perrine, B and Tree, H A and Spencer, R J and Suhr, J and Bieliauskas, L},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1051--1055},

abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Many Veterans involved in recent OEF/OIF conflicts return with reports of having experienced an mTBI. The Veteran's Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) have gone to great lengths to provide information to Veterans regarding possible effects of TBI. Although well intended, this information may possibly have an iatrogenic effect. Conversely, setting positive expectations for recovery from mTBI has been shown to result in decreased symptomatology. RESEARCH DESIGN: One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analyses were used to determine whether there were significant differences on reported severity and number of PCS symptoms (NSI) among the three experimental groups (recovery focused information; expectation for persistent symptoms; and no information given). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Undergraduate students, who were told to imagine they had experienced a military-related TBI, reported varying levels of expected symptoms when given either positive or negative information about symptom expectation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The results indicate that presenting recovery-oriented literature resulted in the lowest report of expected symptoms, whereas presenting no information resulted in the highest report of expected symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Providing Veterans with information regarding a likely positive trajectory of recovery may result in less symptom persistence during rehabilitation.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Information Dissemination, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], adult, Female, Health Communication, Humans, Language, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Stress Disorders, Veterans/px [Psychology], Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Davis, J; Canty, G

Are Sports-Related Concussions Giving You a Headache? Journal Article

In: Missouri Medicine, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 187–191, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], Adolescent, Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, Emergency Medicine, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Education as Topic

Kostyun, R

Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article

In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries, *Brain Concussion, *Disease Management, *Sleep Wake Disorders, Adolescent, Athletes/px [Psychology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Athletic Injuries/px [Psychology], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Cognition/ph [Physiology], Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep Wake Disorders/et [Etiology], Sleep Wake Disorders/pp [Physiopathology], Sleep Wake Disorders/th [Therapy], Young Adult

Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J

Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article

In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Football/in [Injuries], *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Head, Humans, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, UNITED States, Young Adult

Buckley, T A; Burdette, G; Kelly, K

Concussion-Management Practice Patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Athletic Trainers: How the Other Half Lives Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 879–888, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/th [Therapy], *Brain Concussion/th [Therapy], *Sports/ph [Physiology], Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Physicians', Practice Guidelines as Topic, Practice Patterns, Return to Sport/ph [Physiology], Sports Medicine/mt [Methods], Surveys and Questionnaires

Lucas, S

Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article

In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium

@article{Lucas2015,

title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},

author = {Lucas, S},

doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},

volume = {19},

number = {10},

abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},

keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2014

Provance, Aaron J; Terhune, E Bailey; Cooley, Christine; Carry, Patrick M; Connery, Amy K; Engelman, Glenn H; Kirkwood, Michael W

The Relationship Between Initial Physical Examination Findings and Failure on Objective Validity Testing During Neuropsychological Evaluation After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: Sports Health, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 410–415, 2014, ISBN: 19417381.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *MEDICAL care, *PHYSICAL therapy, *SPORTS medicine, EVIDENCE, mild traumatic brain injury, Neuropsychological Tests, Pediatric, SPORTS medicine, Symptom validity testing

2013

Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S

Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article

In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE students, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *SELF-evaluation, AFFECT (Psychology), ANALYSIS of variance, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, COMPUTER-assisted medical diagnosis, CORRELATION (Statistics), DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, REPEATED measures design, RESEARCH -- Evaluation, RESEARCH -- Methodology, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics)

Zuckerman, Scott L; Lee, Young M; Odom, Mitchell J; Solomon, Gary S; Sills, Allen K

Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 103–109, 2013, ISBN: 1933-0707.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Athletes, Athletic Injuries -- Complications, attention, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder -- Compli, Brain Concussion -- Complications, Brain Concussion -- Diagnosis, Brain Concussion -- Psychosocial Factors, Child, cognition, Cognition Disorders -- Diagnosis, Cognition Disorders -- Etiology, Female, human, Learning Disorders -- Complications, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, reaction time, Severity of Illness Indices, Sports

Resch, Jacob; Driscoll, Aoife; McCaffrey, Noel; Brown, Cathleen; Ferrara, Michael S; Macciocchi, Stephen; Baumgartner, Ted; Walpert, Kimberly

ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable? Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 506–511, 2013, ISBN: 1062-6050.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: ANALYSIS of variance, Body Weights and Measures, Cognition -- Evaluation, college, Computer Assisted, Continuing (Credit), Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DIAGNOSIS, Education, Effect Size, Female, human, Instrument Validation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Ireland, Male, Multicenter Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, ONE-way analysis of variance, Post Hoc Analysis, Repeated Measures, Scales, Students, test-retest reliability, UNITED States, Validation Studies, Young Adult

@article{Resch2013b,

title = {ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable?},

author = {Resch, Jacob and Driscoll, Aoife and McCaffrey, Noel and Brown, Cathleen and Ferrara, Michael S and Macciocchi, Stephen and Baumgartner, Ted and Walpert, Kimberly},

doi = {10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.09},

isbn = {1062-6050},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},

volume = {48},

number = {4},

pages = {506--511},

abstract = {Context: Computerized neuropsychological testing is commonly used in the assessment and management of sport-related concussion. Even though computerized testing is widespread, psychometric evidence for test-retest reliability is somewhat limited. Additional evidence for test-retest reliability is needed to optimize clinical decision making after concussion. Objective: To document test-retest reliability for a commercially available computerized neuropsychological test battery (ImPACT) using 2 different clinically relevant time intervals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two research laboratories. Patients or Other Participants: Group 1 (n=46) consisted of 25 men and 21 women (age=22.4 ± 1.89 years). Group 2 (n = 45) consisted of 17 men and 28 women (age = 20.9 ± 1.72 years). Intervention(s): Both groups completed ImPACT forms 1, 2, and 3, which were delivered sequentially either at 1-week intervals (group 1) or at baseline, day 45, and day 50 (group 2). Group 2 also completed the Green Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of effort. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the composite scores of ImPACT between time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate changes in ImPACT and WMT results over time. Results: The ICC values for group 1 ranged from 0.26 to 0.88 for the 4 ImPACT composite scores. The ICC values for group 2 ranged from 0.37 to 0.76. In group 1, ImPACT classified 37.0% and 46.0% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. In group 2, ImPACT classified 22.2% and 28.9% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: We found variable test-retest reliability for ImPACT metrics. Visual motor speed and reaction time demonstrated greater reliability than verbal and visual memory. Our current data support a multifaceted approach to concussion assessment using clinical examinations, symptom reports, cognitive testing, and balance assessment.},

keywords = {ANALYSIS of variance, Body Weights and Measures, Cognition -- Evaluation, college, Computer Assisted, Continuing (Credit), Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DIAGNOSIS, Education, Effect Size, Female, human, Instrument Validation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Ireland, Male, Multicenter Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, ONE-way analysis of variance, Post Hoc Analysis, Repeated Measures, Scales, Students, test-retest reliability, UNITED States, Validation Studies, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Context: Computerized neuropsychological testing is commonly used in the assessment and management of sport-related concussion. Even though computerized testing is widespread, psychometric evidence for test-retest reliability is somewhat limited. Additional evidence for test-retest reliability is needed to optimize clinical decision making after concussion. Objective: To document test-retest reliability for a commercially available computerized neuropsychological test battery (ImPACT) using 2 different clinically relevant time intervals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two research laboratories. Patients or Other Participants: Group 1 (n=46) consisted of 25 men and 21 women (age=22.4 ± 1.89 years). Group 2 (n = 45) consisted of 17 men and 28 women (age = 20.9 ± 1.72 years). Intervention(s): Both groups completed ImPACT forms 1, 2, and 3, which were delivered sequentially either at 1-week intervals (group 1) or at baseline, day 45, and day 50 (group 2). Group 2 also completed the Green Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of effort. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the composite scores of ImPACT between time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate changes in ImPACT and WMT results over time. Results: The ICC values for group 1 ranged from 0.26 to 0.88 for the 4 ImPACT composite scores. The ICC values for group 2 ranged from 0.37 to 0.76. In group 1, ImPACT classified 37.0% and 46.0% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. In group 2, ImPACT classified 22.2% and 28.9% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: We found variable test-retest reliability for ImPACT metrics. Visual motor speed and reaction time demonstrated greater reliability than verbal and visual memory. Our current data support a multifaceted approach to concussion assessment using clinical examinations, symptom reports, cognitive testing, and balance assessment.

2012

Bica, David; Armen, Joseph; Nicele, Brock

Computerized Neuropsychological Testing in the Management of Sports-Related Concussions Journal Article

In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2012, ISBN: 19425864.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ATHLETES -- Health, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *SPORTS injuries, COMPUTER-assisted neurosurgery, Neuropsychological Tests

2010

Laubscher, Johannes A; Dijkstra, Hendrik P; Strydom, Gert L; Peters, Elsebé

Academic consequences of very mild and mild traumatic brain injuries in secondary school rugby players Journal Article

In: African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 221–230, 2010.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN damage, *HIGH schools, *RUGBY football injuries, *RUGBY football players, *SCHOOL sports, Academic performance, Concussion, Neuropsychological Tests, rugby, SCHOOL failure, Secondary Education, sub-concussive injuries

Vent, J; Koenig, J; Hellmich, M; Huettenbrink, K B; Damm, M

Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis Journal Article

In: Brain Research, vol. 1320, pp. 1–6, 2010.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Boxing, *Craniocerebral Trauma/co [Complications], *Olfactory Perception, Adolescent, adult, Discrimination (Psychology), Humans, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Olfaction Disorders/et [Etiology], PROTECTIVE clothing, Sensory Thresholds, Young Adult

@article{Vent2010,

title = {Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis},

author = {Vent, J and Koenig, J and Hellmich, M and Huettenbrink, K B and Damm, M},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Brain Research},

volume = {1320},

pages = {1--6},

abstract = {Recently, interest in the health of boxers has been raised by a petition of the British Medical Association to restrict boxing. However, scientific data on permanent damage are rare and typical localisations of injuries were yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in the sense of smell in people undergoing recurrent head traumas. The hypothesis to be tested was if boxers had a reduced olfactory function. We used a matched pairs analysis design. Fifty healthy, male athletes underwent subjective olfactometry using Sniffin'Sticks testing (including threshold, discrimination and identification, TDI). Nasal endoscopy was performed and a thorough, questionnaire-based history was obtained. These data were correlated with normative data from healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was based on matched pairs analysis by t-tests, i.e. boxers and healthy (non-boxing) subjects. Boxers showed a mean TDI score of 32.5 compared to 35.1 of non-boxing controls (p=0.003). The olfactory threshold (p\<0.001) and odour identification (p\<0.05) were significantly decreased in boxers; whereas odour discrimination was unaffected. Performance of odour identification showed a correlation with cushioning of the gloves (p\<0.05), and thus seems a protective measure regarding the sense of smell. Boxing seems to affect olfactory function, particularly by reducing the olfactory threshold. Furthermore, cushioning of the gloves can be protective and should be increased to safeguard sportsmen from physical damage. Boxing can serve as a model for central regeneration after trauma. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {*Athletes, *Boxing, *Craniocerebral Trauma/co [Complications], *Olfactory Perception, Adolescent, adult, Discrimination (Psychology), Humans, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Olfaction Disorders/et [Etiology], PROTECTIVE clothing, Sensory Thresholds, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2008

Thornton, A E; Cox, D N; Whitfield, K; Fouladi, R T

Cumulative concussion exposure in rugby players: neurocognitive and symptomatic outcomes Journal Article

In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 398–409, 2008.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *COGNITION, *Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], *Football/in [Injuries], adult, Age Factors, aged, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, REGRESSION analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Trauma Severity Indices

Reference Search

39 entries « ‹ 1 of 2 › »

Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D

Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Bailie, J M; Kennedy, J E; French, L M; Marshall, K; Prokhorenko, O; Asmussen, S; Reid, M W; Qashu, F; Brickell, T A; Lange, R T

Profile Analysis of the Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms Following Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Identification of Subtypes Journal Article

In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2–12, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A

Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Nelson2016b,

title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},

author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {142--152},

abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Anonymous,

FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article

In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey

Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article

In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Bruce2016,

title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},

author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},

isbn = {15439518},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sport Journal},

pages = {1--4},

abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A

High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W

Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

Donders, J; Strong, C A

Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

Astafiev, S V; Zinn, K L; Shulman, G L; Corbetta, M

Exploring the physiological correlates of chronic mild traumatic brain injury symptoms Journal Article

In: NeuroImage Clinical, vol. 11, pp. 10–19, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

10.

Hoffer, M E; Szczupak, M; Kiderman, A; Crawford, J; Murphy, S; Marshall, K; Pelusso, C; Balaban, C

Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. e0146039, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

11.

Willer, B S; Leddy, J J

Time to Change from a Symptom-based Concussion Assessment to a Structured Physical Examination Journal Article

In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 495–496, 2016.

BibTeX

12.

Leung, A; Shukla, S; Fallah, A; Song, D; Lin, L; Golshan, S; Tsai, A; Jak, A; Polston, G; Lee, R

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches Journal Article

In: Neuromodulation, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 133–141, 2016.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Leung2016,

title = {Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches},

author = {Leung, A and Shukla, S and Fallah, A and Song, D and Lin, L and Golshan, S and Tsai, A and Jak, A and Polston, G and Lee, R},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neuromodulation},

volume = {19},

number = {2},

pages = {133--141},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Headache is one of the most common debilitating chronic pain conditions in either active or retired military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study assessed the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in alleviating MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Veterans with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real rTMS (REAL group) at 10 hz for a total of 2000 pulses divided into 20 trains with one-sec inter-train interval or sham rTMS (SHAM group) at the left motor cortex (LMC) with brain magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation guidance. Pretreatment, posttreatment one-week and four-week headache and neuropsychological assessments were conducted. RESULT: Thirty veterans were screened and twenty four (21 men and 3 women with average year-old +/- SD at 14.3 +/- 12.6) subjects' data were analyzed. A two-factor (visit x treatment) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) indicated a close to significant (p = 0.06) trend of interaction between pretreatment and posttreatment one-week assessment with the intensity of the persistent daily headache decreasing from 5.7 +/- 1.9 to 2.2 +/- 2.7 and 4.6 +/- 1.3 to 3.5 +/- 2.0 for the REAL and SHAM groups, respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated REAL group demonstrated a significantly (p = 0.041) higher % of reduction in persistent headache intensity than the SHAM group (56.3 +/- 48.2% vs.15.4 +/- 43.6%) at the posttreatment one-week assessment and the trend continued to the four-week assessment. Overall, a significantly (p = 0.035) higher percentage of the subjects in the REAL group (58.3%) demonstrated at least a 50% headache intensity reduction at posttreatment one-week assessment compared with the SHAM group (16.6%). The overall composite score of functionally debilitating headache exacerbation is significantly (p = 0.017) reduced in REAL group at the posttreatment four-week assessment in comparison with the SHAM group. No major sustained change in neuropsychological assessments was noted. CONCLUSION: The studied rTMS protocol appears to be a clinically feasible and effective treatment option in managing MTBI-HA.Copyright © 2015 International Neuromodulation Society.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

13.

Gobert, Denise; Kerby, Jace; Buchner, Sean

Is There a Gender Bias Involving Impulsivity and Number of Concussions? Journal Article

In: Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. e34–e34, 2016, ISBN: 00039993.

BibTeX

14.

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

15.

Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Ellis2015ab,

title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},

volume = {16},

number = {6},

pages = {709--718},

abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

16.

Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B

Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases Journal Article

In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

17.

Dretsch, M N; Kelly, M P; Coldren, R L; Parish, R V; Russell, M L

No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1217–1222, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Dretsch2015a,

title = {No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers},

author = {Dretsch, M N and Kelly, M P and Coldren, R L and Parish, R V and Russell, M L},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3637},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {16},

pages = {1217--1222},

abstract = {Seventy-one deployed U.S. Army soldiers who presented for concussion care due to either blast or blunt mechanisms within 72 h of injury were assessed using the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), traditional neuropsychological tests, and health status questionnaires. Follow-up ANAM testing was performed 10 d after initial testing (±5 d). Twenty-one soldiers were excluded: two for poor effort and 19 who had combined blast/blunt injuries. Of the remaining 50 male participants, 34 had blast injuries and 16 had blunt injuries. There were no statistically significant differences between blast injury and blunt injury participants in demographic, physical, or psychological health factors, concussive symptoms, or automated and traditional neurocognitive testing scores within 72 h post-injury. In addition, follow-up ANAM scores up to 15 d post-injury were not significantly different (available on 21 blast-injured and 13 blunt-injured subjects). Pre-injury baseline ANAM scores were compared where available, and revealed no statistically significant differences between 22 blast injury and eight blunt injury participants. These findings suggest there are no significant differences between mechanisms of injury during both the acute and subacute periods in neurobehavioral concussion sequelae while deployed in a combat environment. The current study supports the use of sports/mechanical concussion models for early concussion management in the deployed setting and exploration of variability in potential long-term outcomes. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

18.

Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S

Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Little2015,

title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},

author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},

volume = {12},

pages = {78},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

19.

Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B

A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Mayer2015b,

title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},

author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {22},

pages = {1759--1767},

abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

20.

Czerniak, S M; Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M

A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270] Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 323–332, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Czerniak2015b,

title = {A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270]},

author = {Czerniak, S M and Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {323--332},

abstract = {Sports-related concussions are currently diagnosed through multi-domain assessment by a medical professional and may utilize neurocognitive testing as an aid. However, these tests have only been able to detect differences in the days to week post-concussion. Here, we investigate a measure of brain function, namely resting state functional connectivity, which may detect residual brain differences in the weeks to months after concussion. Twenty-one student athletes (9 concussed within 6 months of enrollment; 12 non-concussed; between ages 18 and 22 years) were recruited for this study. All participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and the Color-Word Interference Test. Neuroimaging data, specifically resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data, were acquired to examine resting state functional connectivity. Two sample t-tests were used to compare the neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity patterns among concussed and non-concussed participants. Correlations between neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity measures were also determined across all subjects. There were no significant differences in neurocognitive performance between concussed and non-concussed groups. Concussed subjects had significantly increased connections between areas of the brain that underlie executive function. Across all subjects, better neurocognitive performance corresponded to stronger brain connectivity. Even at rest, brains of concussed athletes may have to 'work harder' than their healthy peers to achieve similar neurocognitive results. Resting state brain connectivity may be able to detect prolonged brain differences in concussed athletes in a more quantitative manner than neurocognitive test scores.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

39 entries « ‹ 1 of 2 › »

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2017

Gerrard, Paul B; Iverson, Grant L; Atkins, Joseph E; Maxwell, Bruce A; Zafonte, Ross; Schatz, Philip; Berkner, Paul D

Factor Structure of ImPACT® in Adolescent Student Athletes Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 117–122, 2017, ISBN: 08876177.

2016

Bailie, J M; Kennedy, J E; French, L M; Marshall, K; Prokhorenko, O; Asmussen, S; Reid, M W; Qashu, F; Brickell, T A; Lange, R T

Profile Analysis of the Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms Following Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Identification of Subtypes Journal Article

In: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2–12, 2016.

@article{Bailie2016,

title = {Profile Analysis of the Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms Following Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Identification of Subtypes},

author = {Bailie, J M and Kennedy, J E and French, L M and Marshall, K and Prokhorenko, O and Asmussen, S and Reid, M W and Qashu, F and Brickell, T A and Lange, R T},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},

volume = {31},

number = {1},

pages = {2--12},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the taxonomy of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) based on symptom patterns. PARTICIPANTS: Up to 1341 military personnel who experienced a combat-related mTBI within 2 years of evaluation. MEASURES: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed the following 4 subtypes: primarily psychiatric (posttraumatic stress disorder) group, a cognitive group, a mixed symptom group, and a good recovery group. The posttraumatic stress disorder cluster (21.9% of the sample) reported symptoms related to hyperarousal and dissociation/depression with few complaints related to cognition or headaches. The cognitive group (21.5% of the sample) had primarily cognitive and headache complaints with few mood symptoms. The mixed profile cluster included 18.6% of the sample and was characterized by a combination of mood complaints (hyperarousal and dissociation/depression), cognitive complaints, and headaches. The largest cluster (37.8% of the sample) had an overall low symptom profile and was labeled the "good recovery" group. CONCLUSIONS: The results support a unique taxonomy for combat-related mTBI. The clinical differences among these subtypes indicate a need for unique treatment resources and programs.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Military Personnel, Abbreviated Injury Scale, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Cluster Analysis, Cognition Disorders/et [Etiology], Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], FACTOR analysis, Headache/et [Etiology], Headache/px [Psychology], Humans, Male, middle aged, Mood Disorders/et [Etiology], Mood Disorders/px [Psychology], Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/et [Etiology], Post-Traumatic/px [Psychology], Statistical, Stress Disorders, UNITED States, Warfare, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Nelson, L D; Guskiewicz, K M; Barr, W B; Hammeke, T A; Randolph, C; Ahn, K W; Wang, Y; McCrea, M A

Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 142–152, 2016.

@article{Nelson2016b,

title = {Age Differences in Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of High School and Collegiate Athletes},

author = {Nelson, L D and Guskiewicz, K M and Barr, W B and Hammeke, T A and Randolph, C and Ahn, K W and Wang, Y and McCrea, M A},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {142--152},

abstract = {CONTEXT: Younger age has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion, yet few studies have directly evaluated age differences in acute recovery. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical recovery patterns for high school and collegiate athletes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large, multicenter prospective sample collected from 1999-2003 in a sports medicine setting. SUBJECTS: Concussed athletes (n = 621; 545 males and 76 females) and uninjured controls (n = 150) participating in high school and collegiate contact and collision sports (79% in football, 15.7% in soccer, and the remainder in lacrosse or ice hockey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants underwent evaluation of symptoms (Graded Symptom Checklist), cognition (Standardized Assessment of Concussion, paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests), and postural stability (Balance Error Scoring System). Athletes were evaluated preinjury and followed serially at several time points after concussive injury: immediately, 3 hours postinjury, and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 45 or 90 (with neuropsychological measures administered at baseline and 3 postinjury time points). RESULTS: Comparisons of concussed high school and collegiate athletes with uninjured controls suggested that high school athletes took 1 to 2 days longer to recover on a cognitive (Standardized Assessment of Concussion) measure. Comparisons with the control group on other measures (symptoms, balance) as well as direct comparisons between concussed high school and collegiate samples revealed no differences in the recovery courses between the high school and collegiate groups on any measure. Group-level recovery occurred at or before 7 days postinjury on all assessment metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest no clinically significant age differences exist in recovery after sport-related concussion, and therefore, separate injury-management protocols are not needed for high school and collegiate athletes.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Age Factors, cognition, Female, Football/in [Injuries], Hockey/in [Injuries], Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], Recovery of Function, Risk Factors, Soccer/in [Injuries], Students, Time Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Anonymous,

FDA approves software to evaluate head injury Journal Article

In: Nursing, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 24, 2016, ISBN: 03604039.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Prevention, COGNITIVE testing, Computer software, Neuropsychological Tests, SPORTS injuries

Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey

Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article

In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.

@article{Bruce2016,

title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},

author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},

isbn = {15439518},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sport Journal},

pages = {1--4},

abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Custer, A; Sufrinko, A; Elbin, R J; Covassin, T; Collins, M; Kontos, A

High Baseline Postconcussion Symptom Scores and Concussion Outcomes in Athletes Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 136–141, 2016.

Haran, F J; Dretsch, M N; Slaboda, J C; Johnson, D E; Adam, O R; Tsao, J W

Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 280–286, 2016.

@article{Haran2016b,

title = {Comparison of baseline-referenced versus norm-referenced analytical approaches for in-theatre assessment of mild traumatic brain injury neurocognitive impairment},

author = {Haran, F J and Dretsch, M N and Slaboda, J C and Johnson, D E and Adam, O R and Tsao, J W},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {280--286},

abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between the baseline-referenced and norm-referenced approaches for determining decrements in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics Version 4 TBI-MIL (ANAM) performance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). RESEARCH DESIGN: ANAM data were reviewed for 616 US Service members, with 528 of this sample having experienced an mTBI and 88 were controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Post-injury change scores were calculated for each sub-test: (1) normative change score = in-theater score - normative mean and (2) baseline change score = in-theater score - pre-deployment baseline. Reliable change cut-scores were applied to the change and the resulting frequency distributions were compared using McNemar tests. Receiver operator curves (ROC) using both samples (i.e. mTBI and control) were calculated for the change scores for each approach to determine the discriminate ability of the ANAM. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: There were no statistical differences, p \< 0.05 (Bonferonni-Holm corrected), between the approaches. When the area under the curve for the ROCs were averaged across sub-tests, there were no significant differences between either the norm-referenced (0.65) or baseline-referenced (0.66) approaches, p \> 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings suggest there is no clear advantage of using the baseline-referenced approach over norm-referenced approach.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Military Personnel/px [Psychology], adult, Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Standards, Reference Values},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Donders, J; Strong, C A

Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2016.

@article{Donders2016,

title = {Latent Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},

author = {Donders, J and Strong, C A},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},

volume = {31},

number = {1},

pages = {29--36},

abstract = {One hundred persons with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their informants completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) within 1-12 months after injury. Exploratory maximum-likelihood factor analysis with oblique rotation revealed that although a traditional 2-factor model fit the informant-report data well, a 3-factor solution fit the self-report data relatively best. These factors were labeled Metacognition, Behavioral Regulation, and Emotional Regulation. The presence of a premorbid history of outpatient psychiatric treatment was strongly predictive of higher scores (reflecting more perceived problems) on each of these 3 factors. Lower educational attainment was associated with higher scores on the Behavioral Regulation factor, whereas absence of intracranial findings on neuroimaging was associated with higher scores on the Emotional Regulation factor. It is concluded that, after mild TBI, self-report data on the BRIEF-A can be interpreted along a 3-factorial model and that high elevations on this instrument are strongly affected by premorbid complications. Copyright © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Cognition Disorders/px [Psychology], *Executive Function, Adolescent, adult, Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cognition Disorders/co [Complications], Cognition Disorders/di [Diagnosis], FACTOR analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, self report, Statistical, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Astafiev, S V; Zinn, K L; Shulman, G L; Corbetta, M

Exploring the physiological correlates of chronic mild traumatic brain injury symptoms Journal Article

In: NeuroImage Clinical, vol. 11, pp. 10–19, 2016.

Hoffer, M E; Szczupak, M; Kiderman, A; Crawford, J; Murphy, S; Marshall, K; Pelusso, C; Balaban, C

Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Journal Article

In: PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. e0146039, 2016.

@article{Hoffer2016,

title = {Neurosensory Symptom Complexes after Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury},

author = {Hoffer, M E and Szczupak, M and Kiderman, A and Crawford, J and Murphy, S and Marshall, K and Pelusso, C and Balaban, C},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {e0146039},

abstract = {Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) is a prominent public health issue. To date, subjective symptom complaints primarily dictate diagnostic and treatment approaches. As such, the description and qualification of these symptoms in the mTBI patient population is of great value. This manuscript describes the symptoms of mTBI patients as compared to controls in a larger study designed to examine the use of vestibular testing to diagnose mTBI. Five symptom clusters were identified: Post-Traumatic Headache/Migraine, Nausea, Emotional/Affective, Fatigue/Malaise, and Dizziness/Mild Cognitive Impairment. Our analysis indicates that individuals with mTBI have headache, dizziness, and cognitive dysfunction far out of proportion to those without mTBI. In addition, sleep disorders and emotional issues were significantly more common amongst mTBI patients than non-injured individuals. A simple set of questions inquiring about dizziness, headache, and cognitive issues may provide diagnostic accuracy. The consideration of other symptoms may be critical for providing prognostic value and treatment for best short-term outcomes or prevention of long-term complications.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Vestibular Function Tests, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, Affective Symptoms/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], Cluster Analysis, Dizziness/et [Etiology], Emergency Service, Fatigue/et [Etiology], Female, Gait Disorders, Headache/et [Etiology], Hospital, Hospitals, Humans, Male, middle aged, Mild Cognitive Impairment/et [Etiology], Military, Nausea/et [Etiology], Neurologic/et [Etiology], Neuropsychological Tests, Principal Component Analysis, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, symptom assessment, Trauma Severity Indices, university, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Willer, B S; Leddy, J J

Time to Change from a Symptom-based Concussion Assessment to a Structured Physical Examination Journal Article

In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 495–496, 2016.

BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], Athletic Injuries, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Physical Examination

Leung, A; Shukla, S; Fallah, A; Song, D; Lin, L; Golshan, S; Tsai, A; Jak, A; Polston, G; Lee, R

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches Journal Article

In: Neuromodulation, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 133–141, 2016.

@article{Leung2016,

title = {Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches},

author = {Leung, A and Shukla, S and Fallah, A and Song, D and Lin, L and Golshan, S and Tsai, A and Jak, A and Polston, G and Lee, R},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neuromodulation},

volume = {19},

number = {2},

pages = {133--141},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Headache is one of the most common debilitating chronic pain conditions in either active or retired military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study assessed the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in alleviating MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Veterans with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real rTMS (REAL group) at 10 hz for a total of 2000 pulses divided into 20 trains with one-sec inter-train interval or sham rTMS (SHAM group) at the left motor cortex (LMC) with brain magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation guidance. Pretreatment, posttreatment one-week and four-week headache and neuropsychological assessments were conducted. RESULT: Thirty veterans were screened and twenty four (21 men and 3 women with average year-old +/- SD at 14.3 +/- 12.6) subjects' data were analyzed. A two-factor (visit x treatment) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) indicated a close to significant (p = 0.06) trend of interaction between pretreatment and posttreatment one-week assessment with the intensity of the persistent daily headache decreasing from 5.7 +/- 1.9 to 2.2 +/- 2.7 and 4.6 +/- 1.3 to 3.5 +/- 2.0 for the REAL and SHAM groups, respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated REAL group demonstrated a significantly (p = 0.041) higher % of reduction in persistent headache intensity than the SHAM group (56.3 +/- 48.2% vs.15.4 +/- 43.6%) at the posttreatment one-week assessment and the trend continued to the four-week assessment. Overall, a significantly (p = 0.035) higher percentage of the subjects in the REAL group (58.3%) demonstrated at least a 50% headache intensity reduction at posttreatment one-week assessment compared with the SHAM group (16.6%). The overall composite score of functionally debilitating headache exacerbation is significantly (p = 0.017) reduced in REAL group at the posttreatment four-week assessment in comparison with the SHAM group. No major sustained change in neuropsychological assessments was noted. CONCLUSION: The studied rTMS protocol appears to be a clinically feasible and effective treatment option in managing MTBI-HA.Copyright © 2015 International Neuromodulation Society.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/co [Complications], *Headache/et [Etiology], *Headache/th [Therapy], *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/mt [Methods], adult, aged, Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuronavigation, Neuropsychological Tests, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Gobert, Denise; Kerby, Jace; Buchner, Sean

Is There a Gender Bias Involving Impulsivity and Number of Concussions? Journal Article

In: Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. e34–e34, 2016, ISBN: 00039993.

2015

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Ellis, M J; Ritchie, L J; Koltek, M; Hosain, S; Cordingley, D; Chu, S; Selci, E; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 709–718, 2015.

@article{Ellis2015ab,

title = {Psychiatric outcomes after pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Ritchie, L J and Koltek, M and Hosain, S and Cordingley, D and Chu, S and Selci, E and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics.},

volume = {16},

number = {6},

pages = {709--718},

abstract = {OBJECT: The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to examine the prevalence of emotional symptoms among children and adolescents with a sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program and (2) to examine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes among those in this clinical population. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and October 2014. Clinical assessments carried out by a single neurosurgeon included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scoring. Postinjury psychiatric outcomes were defined as a subjective worsening of symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder or new and isolated suicidal ideation or diagnosis of a novel psychiatric disorder (NPD). An NPD was defined as a newly diagnosed psychiatric disorder that occurred in a patient with or without a lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder after a concussion. Clinical resources, therapeutic interventions, and clinical and return-to-play outcomes are summarized. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients (mean age 14.2 years, 61.5% male) were included in the study. At least 1 emotional symptom was reported in 49.4% of the patients, and the median emotional PCSS subscore was 4 (interquartile range 1-8) among those who reported at least 1 emotional symptom. Overall, 20 (11.5%) of the patients met the study criteria for a postinjury psychiatric outcome, including 14 patients with an NPD, 2 patients with isolated suicidal ideation, and 4 patients with worsening symptoms of a preinjury psychiatric disorder. Female sex, a higher initial PCSS score, a higher emotional PCSS subscore, presence of a preinjury psychiatric history, and presence of a family history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with postinjury psychiatric outcomes. Interventions for patients with postinjury psychiatric outcomes included pharmacological therapy alone in 2 patients (10%), cognitive behavioral therapy alone in 4 (20%), multimodal therapy in 9 (45%), and no treatment in 5 (25%). Overall, 5 (25%) of the patients with postinjury psychiatric disorders were medically cleared to return to full sports participation, whereas 5 (25%) were lost to follow-up and 9 (45%) remained in treatment by the multidisciplinary concussion program at the end of the study period. One patient who was asymptomatic at the time of initial consultation committed suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional symptoms were commonly reported among pediatric patients with SRC referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. In some cases, these symptoms contributed to the development of an NPD, isolated suicidal ideation, and worsening symptoms of a preexisting psychiatric disorder. Future research is needed to clarify the prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and evidence-based management of postinjury psychiatric outcomes after pediatric SRC. Successful management of these patients requires prompt recognition and multidisciplinary care by experts with clinical training and experience in concussion and psychiatry.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], *Brain Concussion/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *Emotions, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], Adolescent, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Child, Female, Humans, Male, Manitoba/ep [Epidemiology], MEDICAL records, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Care Team, Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sports},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Zottoli, T M; Hoover, S; Barr, W B

Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases Journal Article

In: Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 678–688, 2015.

@article{Zottoli2015,

title = {Utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) to Detect Insufficient Effort in Independent Medical Examinations and Civil Litigation Cases},

author = {Zottoli, T M and Hoover, S and Barr, W B},

doi = {10.1080/13854046.2015.1062562},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Neuropsychologist},

volume = {29},

number = {5},

pages = {678--688},

abstract = {Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking of concussion symptoms in athletes. The purpose of the current study was to validate the utility of the SAC as an embedded screening measure for insufficient effort in independent medical examinations (IME) and personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design was used to examine the SACs utility for the detection of insufficient effort in 75 de-identified private IME and civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications of insufficient effort were made independently of SAC scores, on the basis of having two or more scores falling below established cut-offs on previously validated neuropsychological measures. Results: Results suggest that the total score on the SAC significantly distinguishes effortful respondents from those exhibiting insufficient effort. Empirically derived cut-off scores yielded adequate sensitivity (.62-.95) and negative predictive power (.93-.97). Conclusions: While optimal cut-off scores depend upon intended use, our data suggest that the SAC is useful as a potential screener for insufficient effort, after which one can employ additional measures to rule out false-positives. Further research is required before cut-off scores can be recommended for clinical use. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.},

keywords = {brain concussion, Civil Litigation, Female, human, Humans, IME, Insufficient effort, legislation and jurisprudence, Male, malingering, Malpractice, middle aged, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, neuropsychology, Physical Examination, questionnaire, Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC), statistics and numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Dretsch, M N; Kelly, M P; Coldren, R L; Parish, R V; Russell, M L

No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1217–1222, 2015.

@article{Dretsch2015a,

title = {No Significant Acute and Subacute Differences between Blast and Blunt Concussions across Multiple Neurocognitive Measures and Symptoms in Deployed Soldiers},

author = {Dretsch, M N and Kelly, M P and Coldren, R L and Parish, R V and Russell, M L},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3637},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {16},

pages = {1217--1222},

abstract = {Seventy-one deployed U.S. Army soldiers who presented for concussion care due to either blast or blunt mechanisms within 72 h of injury were assessed using the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), traditional neuropsychological tests, and health status questionnaires. Follow-up ANAM testing was performed 10 d after initial testing (±5 d). Twenty-one soldiers were excluded: two for poor effort and 19 who had combined blast/blunt injuries. Of the remaining 50 male participants, 34 had blast injuries and 16 had blunt injuries. There were no statistically significant differences between blast injury and blunt injury participants in demographic, physical, or psychological health factors, concussive symptoms, or automated and traditional neurocognitive testing scores within 72 h post-injury. In addition, follow-up ANAM scores up to 15 d post-injury were not significantly different (available on 21 blast-injured and 13 blunt-injured subjects). Pre-injury baseline ANAM scores were compared where available, and revealed no statistically significant differences between 22 blast injury and eight blunt injury participants. These findings suggest there are no significant differences between mechanisms of injury during both the acute and subacute periods in neurobehavioral concussion sequelae while deployed in a combat environment. The current study supports the use of sports/mechanical concussion models for early concussion management in the deployed setting and exploration of variability in potential long-term outcomes. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},

keywords = {2003-2011, acute disease, Adolescent, adult, amnesia, ANAM, Article, assessment of humans, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, Blast injuries, blast injury, blunt trauma, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive screening, comparative study, complication, concussion mechanism, Demography, deployment, Female, follow up, health status, human, Humans, Iraq War, Male, middle aged, Military, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, Military personnel, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, soldier, unconsciousness, UNITED States, War, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Little, C E; Emery, C; Black, A; Scott, S H; Meeuwisse, W; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Benson, B; Dukelow, S

Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation, vol. 12, pp. 78, 2015.

@article{Little2015,

title = {Test-retest reliability of KINARM robot sensorimotor and cognitive assessment: in pediatric ice hockey players},

author = {Little, C E and Emery, C and Black, A and Scott, S H and Meeuwisse, W and Nettel-Aguirre, A and Benson, B and Dukelow, S},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroengineering \& Rehabilitation},

volume = {12},

pages = {78},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to address issues related to early diagnosis and management of concussion across the continuum of aging but particularly in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability of robotic technology (KINARM robot) assessments of reaching, position sense, bimanual motor function, visuospatial skills, attention and decision making in youth ice hockey players (ages 10-14). METHODS: Thirty-four male children attended two testing days, one week apart. On day one, each subject completed five tasks on the robot with two examiners (alternating examiner sequence); the 2(nd) examiner followed the same procedure as the 1(st) immediately afterwards. One consistent examiner tested subjects one week later. This is a test-retest reliability study. The robotic tasks characterize sensorimotor and/or cognitive performance; 63 parameters from 5 tasks are reported. Session 1 was the 1(st) time the subject performed the 5 tasks, session 2 the 2(nd) time on day 1, and session 3 one week following. RESULTS: Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 and 0.09 to 0.90 for session 1 to 2 and 2 to 3, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement in a majority of the parameters and a learning effect in 25 % and 24 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 1 vs 3, respectively but none for session 2 vs 3. Of those that showed a learning effect, only 8 % of parameters in session 1 vs 2 and 10 % in session 1 vs 3 had a clinical relevance measure\>0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The relative homogeneity of the sample and the effect of learning seen in some of the task parameters appears to have negatively impacted the intra-class correlation coefficients from session 1 to 2, with less impact for 2 to 3. The Bland-Altman analysis supports good absolute reliability in healthy male children with no neurological impairment ranging in age from 10 to 14. The clinically relevant learning effect seen, in a small number of parameters could be addressed by creating a learning effect adjustment factor and/or implementing a practice session, which would eliminate the learning effect.},

keywords = {*Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Concussion/px [Psychology], *COGNITION, *Hockey/in [Injuries], *Robotics, *Sensation, Adolescent, Biomechanical Phenomena, Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Child, Computer simulation, Humans, learning, Longitudinal studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice (Psychology), Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance/ph [Physiology], Reproducibility of Results, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Mayer, A R; Ling, J M; Dodd, A B; Gasparovic, C; Klimaj, S D; Meier, T B

A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 1759–1767, 2015.

@article{Mayer2015b,

title = {A Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Chemical Alterations in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters},

author = {Mayer, A R and Ling, J M and Dodd, A B and Gasparovic, C and Klimaj, S D and Meier, T B},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2014.3833},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {32},

number = {22},

pages = {1759--1767},

abstract = {Growing evidence suggests that temporally proximal acute concussions and repetitive subconcussive head injuries may lead to long-term neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of injury and their relative time-scales are not well documented in human injury models. The current study therefore investigated whether biomarkers of brain chemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy: N-acetylaspartate [NAA], combined glutamate and glutamine [Glx], total creatine [Cre], choline compounds [Cho], and myo-inositol [mI]) and structure (cortical thickness, white matter [WM]/subcortical volume) differed between mixed martial artists (MMA; n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC) without a history of contact sport participation (HC; n = 14). A subset of participants (MMA = 9; HC = 10) returned for follow-up visits, with MMA (n = 3) with clinician-documented acute concussions also scanned serially. As expected, MMA self-reported a higher incidence of previous concussions and significantly more cognitive symptoms during prior concussion recovery. Fighters also exhibited reduced memory and processing speed relative to controls on neuropsychological testing coupled with cortical thinning in the left posterior cingulate gyrus and right occipital cortex at baseline assessment. Over a 1-year follow-up period, MMA experienced a significant decrease in both WM volume and NAA concentration, as well as relative thinning in the left middle and superior frontal gyri. These longitudinal changes did not correlate with self-reported metrics of injury (i.e., fight diary). In contrast, HC did not exhibit significant longitudinal changes over a 4-month follow-up period (p \> 0.05). Collectively, current results provide preliminary evidence of progressive changes in brain chemistry and structure over a relatively short time period in individuals with high exposure to repetitive head hits. These findings require replication in independent samples. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, biological marker, Biomarkers, BRAIN chemistry, brain concussion, brain cortex, brain size, Cerebral Cortex, CHOLINE, clinical article, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, cortical thickness (brain), creatine, executive function, Female, follow up, Follow-Up Studies, frontal gyrus, glutamic acid, glutamine, human, Humans, Injuries, inositol, Longitudinal, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, martial art, Martial Arts, Memory, middle aged, mixed martial art, n acetylaspartic acid, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occipital cortex, pathology, posterior cingulate, psychology, repetitive injury, Spectroscopy, volumetrics, white matter, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Czerniak, S M; Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M

A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270] Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 323–332, 2015.

@article{Czerniak2015b,

title = {A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of concussion in collegiate athletes.[Erratum appears in Brain Imaging Behav. 2015 Sep;9(3):650; PMID: 25326270]},

author = {Czerniak, S M and Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {323--332},

abstract = {Sports-related concussions are currently diagnosed through multi-domain assessment by a medical professional and may utilize neurocognitive testing as an aid. However, these tests have only been able to detect differences in the days to week post-concussion. Here, we investigate a measure of brain function, namely resting state functional connectivity, which may detect residual brain differences in the weeks to months after concussion. Twenty-one student athletes (9 concussed within 6 months of enrollment; 12 non-concussed; between ages 18 and 22 years) were recruited for this study. All participants completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and the Color-Word Interference Test. Neuroimaging data, specifically resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data, were acquired to examine resting state functional connectivity. Two sample t-tests were used to compare the neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity patterns among concussed and non-concussed participants. Correlations between neurocognitive scores and resting state functional connectivity measures were also determined across all subjects. There were no significant differences in neurocognitive performance between concussed and non-concussed groups. Concussed subjects had significantly increased connections between areas of the brain that underlie executive function. Across all subjects, better neurocognitive performance corresponded to stronger brain connectivity. Even at rest, brains of concussed athletes may have to 'work harder' than their healthy peers to achieve similar neurocognitive results. Resting state brain connectivity may be able to detect prolonged brain differences in concussed athletes in a more quantitative manner than neurocognitive test scores.},

keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, BRAIN mapping, Female, Humans, interview, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychological, rest, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.

@article{Ellis2015,

title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {248--255},

abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Merritt, V C; Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A

A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale Journal Article

In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 764–775, 2015.

@article{Merritt2015b,

title = {A novel approach to classifying postconcussion symptoms: The application of a new framework to the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale},

author = {Merritt, V C and Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},

doi = {10.1080/13803395.2015.1060950},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},

volume = {37},

number = {7},

pages = {764--775},

abstract = {Introduction: Self-report measures such as the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) are frequently used during baseline and postconcussion testing to evaluate athletes symptom profiles. However, the common approach of evaluating the total symptom score and/or symptom clusters may not allow for a complete understanding of the nature of athletes symptom reporting patterns. The primary objective of this study was to apply three "global indices of distress" variables, derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) framework, to the PCSS at baseline and postconcussion. We aimed to evaluate the utility of these symptom indices in relation to four PCSS symptom clusters and the total PCSS symptom score. Method: Participants included college athletes evaluated at baseline (N = 846) and postconcussion (N = 86). Athletes underwent neuropsychological testing at both time points, including completion of the PCSS and a paper/pencil and computerized test battery. Eight symptom indices were derived from the PCSS, and a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score was calculated. Results: Results showed that there were significant mean increases from baseline to postconcussion on four of the eight symptom indices evaluated. Furthermore, a significant proportion of athletes showed no change from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating the total symptom score, but showed at least a one standard deviation increase in symptom reporting from baseline to postconcussion when evaluating at least one other symptom index (i.e., a global index of distress or symptom cluster). Finally, the three global indices of distress variables, two of the four symptom clusters, and the total symptom score significantly predicted a postconcussion neurocognitive composite score, such that greater postconcussion symptoms were associated with lower postconcussion neurocognitive performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in addition to evaluating the postconcussion total symptom score, there may be value in examining more specific symptom indices such as the global indices of distress variables and symptom clusters. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis.},

keywords = {Adolescent, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, CLASSIFICATION, collegiate athletes, Female, human, Humans, Male, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion symptoms, self report, SEVERITY of illness index, Sports-related concussion, symptom assessment, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M

Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.

@article{Alexander2015,

title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},

author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},

doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1113--1125},

abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},

keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Mendez, M F; Paholpak, P; Lin, A; Zhang, J Y; Teng, E

Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Journal Article

In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 985–993, 2015.

@article{Mendez2015,

title = {Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Versus Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease},

author = {Mendez, M F and Paholpak, P and Lin, A and Zhang, J Y and Teng, E},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},

volume = {47},

number = {4},

pages = {985--993},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most established environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if TBI is specifically associated with early-onset AD (EOAD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between TBI and EOAD (\<65 years). METHODS: We identified 1,449 EOAD, 4,337 late-onset AD (LOAD), and corresponding EOAD-matched and LOAD-matched normal controls (NC) in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) database and compared the prevalence of any history of TBI as well as measures of cognition, function, behavior, and neuropathology. For validation, we determined TBI prevalence among 115 well-characterized clinic patients with EOAD. RESULTS: Part A: The prevalence of any TBI in the NACC-database EOAD participants (13.3%) was comparable to that observed in the clinic EOAD patients (13.9%) but significantly higher than in the NACC-database LOAD participants (7.7% ; p \< 0.0001) and trended to higher compared to EOAD-matched NC (11.1% ; logistic regression p = 0.053). Part B: When we compared EOAD patients with documented non-acute and non-residually impairing TBI to EOAD without a documented history of prior TBI, those with TBI had significantly more disinhibition. Part C: Autopsies did not reveal differences in AD neuropathology based on a history of TBI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest, but do not establish, that TBI is a specific risk factor for EOAD and may lead to disinhibition, a feature that often results from the frontal effects of head injury. This study recommends further research on the effects of TBI in EOAD in larger numbers of participants.},

keywords = {*Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Age of Onset, Alzheimer Disease/co [Complications], Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology], Brain Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], Female, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Monaco 3rd, E A; Tempel, Z

Concussion related to white matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in aging athletes Journal Article

In: Neurosurgery, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. N10–1, 2015.

Waldron-Perrine, B; Tree, H A; Spencer, R J; Suhr, J; Bieliauskas, L

Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1051–1055, 2015.

@article{Waldron-Perrine2015,

title = {Informational literature influences symptom expression following mild head injury: An analog study},

author = {Waldron-Perrine, B and Tree, H A and Spencer, R J and Suhr, J and Bieliauskas, L},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1051--1055},

abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Many Veterans involved in recent OEF/OIF conflicts return with reports of having experienced an mTBI. The Veteran's Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) have gone to great lengths to provide information to Veterans regarding possible effects of TBI. Although well intended, this information may possibly have an iatrogenic effect. Conversely, setting positive expectations for recovery from mTBI has been shown to result in decreased symptomatology. RESEARCH DESIGN: One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analyses were used to determine whether there were significant differences on reported severity and number of PCS symptoms (NSI) among the three experimental groups (recovery focused information; expectation for persistent symptoms; and no information given). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Undergraduate students, who were told to imagine they had experienced a military-related TBI, reported varying levels of expected symptoms when given either positive or negative information about symptom expectation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The results indicate that presenting recovery-oriented literature resulted in the lowest report of expected symptoms, whereas presenting no information resulted in the highest report of expected symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Providing Veterans with information regarding a likely positive trajectory of recovery may result in less symptom persistence during rehabilitation.},

keywords = {*Brain Injuries/di [Diagnosis], *Brain Injuries/px [Psychology], *Information Dissemination, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/px [Psychology], adult, Female, Health Communication, Humans, Language, Male, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Traumatic/di [Diagnosis], Stress Disorders, Veterans/px [Psychology], Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Davis, J; Canty, G

Are Sports-Related Concussions Giving You a Headache? Journal Article

In: Missouri Medicine, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 187–191, 2015.

Kostyun, R

Sleep Disturbances in Concussed Athletes: A Review of the Literature Journal Article

In: Connecticut Medicine, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 2015.

Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J

Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article

In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.

Buckley, T A; Burdette, G; Kelly, K

Concussion-Management Practice Patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Athletic Trainers: How the Other Half Lives Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 879–888, 2015.

Lucas, S

Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management Journal Article

In: Current Pain & Headache Reports, vol. 19, no. 10, 2015.

@article{Lucas2015,

title = {Posttraumatic Headache: Clinical Characterization and Management},

author = {Lucas, S},

doi = {10.1007/s11916-015-0520-1},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Current Pain \& Headache Reports},

volume = {19},

number = {10},

abstract = {Headache is the most common symptom after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI has become a global health concern with an estimated 2.5 million reported TBIs per year in the USA alone. Recent longitudinal studies of posttraumatic headache (PTH) show a high cumulative incidence of 71 % after moderate or severe TBI and an even higher cumulative incidence of 91 % after mild TBI (mTBI) at 1 year after injury. Prevalence remains high at over 44 % throughout the year after moderate or severe TBI and over 54 % after mTBI. A prior history of headache is associated with a higher risk for PTH, whereas older age appears to be protective. Gender does not appear to be a risk factor for PTH. Most PTH has clinical diagnostic criteria meeting that of migraine or probable migraine when primary headache disorder classification criteria are used, followed by tension-type headache. There are no evidence-based treatment guidelines for PTH management; however, expert opinion has suggested treating the PTH using primary headache disorder treatment recommendations according to its type. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.},

keywords = {amitriptyline, botulinum toxin A, Brain Injuries, chiropractic, clinical feature, complication, Concussion, diagnostic approach route, disease association, disease classification, disease predisposition, drug efficacy, drug induced headache, evidence based medicine, human, Humans, migraine, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent, paracetamol, physiotherapy, Post-traumatic headache, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic headache, practice guideline, Prevalence, primary headache, Review, risk factor, Risk Factors, SEVERITY of illness index, sports concussion, symptomatology, tension headache, Tension-type headache, topiramate, traumatic brain injury, treatment response, UNITED States, valproate semisodium},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2014

Provance, Aaron J; Terhune, E Bailey; Cooley, Christine; Carry, Patrick M; Connery, Amy K; Engelman, Glenn H; Kirkwood, Michael W

In: Sports Health, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 410–415, 2014, ISBN: 19417381.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *MEDICAL care, *PHYSICAL therapy, *SPORTS medicine, EVIDENCE, mild traumatic brain injury, Neuropsychological Tests, Pediatric, SPORTS medicine, Symptom validity testing

2013

Resch, Jacob E; Brown, Cathleen N; Baumgartner, Ted A; Macciocchi, Stephen N; Walpert, Kimberly P; Ferrara, Michael S

Influence of Mood State on the ImPACT Journal Article

In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 272–281, 2013, ISBN: 19425864.

Zuckerman, Scott L; Lee, Young M; Odom, Mitchell J; Solomon, Gary S; Sills, Allen K

Baseline neurocognitive scores in athletes with attention deficit-spectrum disorders and/or learning disability Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 103–109, 2013, ISBN: 1933-0707.

Resch, Jacob; Driscoll, Aoife; McCaffrey, Noel; Brown, Cathleen; Ferrara, Michael S; Macciocchi, Stephen; Baumgartner, Ted; Walpert, Kimberly

ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable? Journal Article

In: Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 506–511, 2013, ISBN: 1062-6050.

@article{Resch2013b,

title = {ImPact Test-Retest Reliability: Reliably Unreliable?},

author = {Resch, Jacob and Driscoll, Aoife and McCaffrey, Noel and Brown, Cathleen and Ferrara, Michael S and Macciocchi, Stephen and Baumgartner, Ted and Walpert, Kimberly},

doi = {10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.09},

isbn = {1062-6050},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Athletic Training},

volume = {48},

number = {4},

pages = {506--511},

abstract = {Context: Computerized neuropsychological testing is commonly used in the assessment and management of sport-related concussion. Even though computerized testing is widespread, psychometric evidence for test-retest reliability is somewhat limited. Additional evidence for test-retest reliability is needed to optimize clinical decision making after concussion. Objective: To document test-retest reliability for a commercially available computerized neuropsychological test battery (ImPACT) using 2 different clinically relevant time intervals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two research laboratories. Patients or Other Participants: Group 1 (n=46) consisted of 25 men and 21 women (age=22.4 ± 1.89 years). Group 2 (n = 45) consisted of 17 men and 28 women (age = 20.9 ± 1.72 years). Intervention(s): Both groups completed ImPACT forms 1, 2, and 3, which were delivered sequentially either at 1-week intervals (group 1) or at baseline, day 45, and day 50 (group 2). Group 2 also completed the Green Word Memory Test (WMT) as a measure of effort. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the composite scores of ImPACT between time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate changes in ImPACT and WMT results over time. Results: The ICC values for group 1 ranged from 0.26 to 0.88 for the 4 ImPACT composite scores. The ICC values for group 2 ranged from 0.37 to 0.76. In group 1, ImPACT classified 37.0% and 46.0% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. In group 2, ImPACT classified 22.2% and 28.9% of healthy participants as impaired at time points 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions: We found variable test-retest reliability for ImPACT metrics. Visual motor speed and reaction time demonstrated greater reliability than verbal and visual memory. Our current data support a multifaceted approach to concussion assessment using clinical examinations, symptom reports, cognitive testing, and balance assessment.},

keywords = {ANALYSIS of variance, Body Weights and Measures, Cognition -- Evaluation, college, Computer Assisted, Continuing (Credit), Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DIAGNOSIS, Education, Effect Size, Female, human, Instrument Validation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Ireland, Male, Multicenter Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, ONE-way analysis of variance, Post Hoc Analysis, Repeated Measures, Scales, Students, test-retest reliability, UNITED States, Validation Studies, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2012

Bica, David; Armen, Joseph; Nicele, Brock

Computerized Neuropsychological Testing in the Management of Sports-Related Concussions Journal Article

In: Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–10, 2012, ISBN: 19425864.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ATHLETES -- Health, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *SPORTS injuries, COMPUTER-assisted neurosurgery, Neuropsychological Tests

2010

Laubscher, Johannes A; Dijkstra, Hendrik P; Strydom, Gert L; Peters, Elsebé

Academic consequences of very mild and mild traumatic brain injuries in secondary school rugby players Journal Article

In: African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation & Dance, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 221–230, 2010.

Vent, J; Koenig, J; Hellmich, M; Huettenbrink, K B; Damm, M

Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis Journal Article

In: Brain Research, vol. 1320, pp. 1–6, 2010.

@article{Vent2010,

title = {Impact of recurrent head trauma on olfactory function in boxers: a matched pairs analysis},

author = {Vent, J and Koenig, J and Hellmich, M and Huettenbrink, K B and Damm, M},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Brain Research},

volume = {1320},

pages = {1--6},

abstract = {Recently, interest in the health of boxers has been raised by a petition of the British Medical Association to restrict boxing. However, scientific data on permanent damage are rare and typical localisations of injuries were yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in the sense of smell in people undergoing recurrent head traumas. The hypothesis to be tested was if boxers had a reduced olfactory function. We used a matched pairs analysis design. Fifty healthy, male athletes underwent subjective olfactometry using Sniffin'Sticks testing (including threshold, discrimination and identification, TDI). Nasal endoscopy was performed and a thorough, questionnaire-based history was obtained. These data were correlated with normative data from healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was based on matched pairs analysis by t-tests, i.e. boxers and healthy (non-boxing) subjects. Boxers showed a mean TDI score of 32.5 compared to 35.1 of non-boxing controls (p=0.003). The olfactory threshold (p\<0.001) and odour identification (p\<0.05) were significantly decreased in boxers; whereas odour discrimination was unaffected. Performance of odour identification showed a correlation with cushioning of the gloves (p\<0.05), and thus seems a protective measure regarding the sense of smell. Boxing seems to affect olfactory function, particularly by reducing the olfactory threshold. Furthermore, cushioning of the gloves can be protective and should be increased to safeguard sportsmen from physical damage. Boxing can serve as a model for central regeneration after trauma. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {*Athletes, *Boxing, *Craniocerebral Trauma/co [Complications], *Olfactory Perception, Adolescent, adult, Discrimination (Psychology), Humans, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, middle aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Olfaction Disorders/et [Etiology], PROTECTIVE clothing, Sensory Thresholds, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2008

Thornton, A E; Cox, D N; Whitfield, K; Fouladi, R T

Cumulative concussion exposure in rugby players: neurocognitive and symptomatic outcomes Journal Article

In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 398–409, 2008.